@inproceedings{manning-carpenter-1997-probabilistic,
    title = "Probabilistic Parsing using Left Corner Language Models",
    author = "Manning, Christopher D.  and
      Carpenter, Bob",
    editor = "Nijholt, Anton  and
      Berwick, Robert C.  and
      Bunt, Harry C.  and
      Carpenter, Bob  and
      Hajicova, Eva  and
      Johnson, Mark  and
      Joshi, Aravind  and
      Kaplan, Ronald  and
      Kay, Martin  and
      Lang, Bernard  and
      Lavie, Alon  and
      Nagao, Makoto  and
      Steedman, Mark  and
      Tomita, Masaru  and
      Vijay-Shanker, K.  and
      Weir, David  and
      Wittenburg, Kent  and
      Wiren, Mats",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = sep # " 17-20",
    year = "1997",
    address = "Boston/Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/fix-sig-urls/1997.iwpt-1.18/",
    pages = "147--158",
    abstract = "We introduce a novel parser based on a probabilistic version of a left-corner parser. The left-corner strategy is attractive because rule probabilities can be conditioned on both top-down goals and bottom-up derivations. We develop the underlying theory and explain how a grammar can be induced from analyzed data. We show that the left-corner approach provides an advantage over simple top-down probabilistic context-free grammars in parsing the Wall Street Journal using a grammar induced from the Penn Treebank. We also conclude that the Penn Treebank provides a fairly weak tes bed due to the flatness of its bracketings and to the obvious overgeneration and undergeneration of its induced grammar."
}