@inproceedings{kita-etal-1991-processing,
    title = "Processing Unknown Words in Continuous Speech Recognition",
    author = "Kita, Kenji  and
      Ehara, Terumasa  and
      Morimoto, Tsuyoshi",
    editor = "Tomita, Masaru  and
      Kay, Martin  and
      Berwick, Robert  and
      Hajicova, Eva  and
      Joshi, Aravind  and
      Kaplan, Ronald  and
      Nagao, Makoto  and
      Wilks, Yorick",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Parsing Technologies",
    month = feb # " 13-25",
    year = "1991",
    address = "Cancun, Mexico",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/fix-sig-urls/1991.iwpt-1.16/",
    pages = "136--142",
    abstract = "Current continuous speech recognition systems essentially ignore unknown words. Systems are designed to recognize words in the lexicon. However, for using speech recognition systems in real applications of spoken-language processing, it is very important to process unknown words. This paper proposes a continuous speech recognition method which accepts any utterance that might include unknown words. In this method, words not in the lexicon are transcribed as phone sequences, while words in the lexicon are recognized correctly. The HMM-LR speech recognition system, which is an integration of Hidden Markov Models and generalized LR parsing, is used as the baseline system, and enhanced with the trigram model of syllables to take into account the stochastic characteristics of a language. Preliminary results indicate that our approach is very promising."
}