Bipolar disorder
Other namesBipolar affective disorder (BPAD), bipolar illness, manic depression, manic depressive disorder, manic-depressive illness, manic-depressive psychosis, circular insanity, bipolar disease
SpecialtyPsychiatry
SymptomsPeriods of depression and elevated mood
ComplicationsSuicide, self-harm
Usual onset25 years old
TypesBipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, others
CausesEnvironmental and genetic
Risk factorsFamily history, childhood abuse, long-term stress
Differential diagnosisAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder, personality disorders, schizophrenia, substance use disorder
TreatmentPsychotherapy, medications
MedicationLithium, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants
Frequency1–3%