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Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Hidden Valley, Pennsylvania, June 24-27,1990

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Overview of the Third DARPA Speech and Natural Language Workshop
Richard M. Stern

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Session 1: Spoken Language Systems I
Wayne Ward

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Efficient, High-Performance Algorithms for N-Best Search
Richard Schwartz | Steve Austin

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A Tree.Trellis Based Fast Search for Finding the N Best Sentence Hypotheses in Continuous Speech Recognition
Frank K. Soong | Eng-Fong Huang

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Finite-State Approximations of Grammars
Fernando Pereira

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The Use of Relative Duration in Syntactic Disambiguation
M. Ostendorf | P. J. Price | J. Bear | C.W. Wightman

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Session 2: Natural Language I
Damaris M. Ayuso

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Picking Reference Events from Tense A Formal, Implement able Theory of English Tense-Aspect Semantics Trees:
Lenhart K. Schubert | Chung Hee Hwang

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Interactive Multimedia Explanation for Equipment Maintenance and Repair
Kathleen McKeown | Steven Feiner

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Two Recent Developments in Tree Adjoining Grammars: Semantics and Efficient Processing
Yves Schabes | Aravind K. Joshi

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Performing Integrated Syntactic and Semantic Parsing Using Classification
Robert T. Kasper | Eduard H. Hovy

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Making Abduction More Efficient
Douglas Appelt | Jerry R. Hobbs

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Session 3: Natural Language Evaluation
Lynette Hirschman

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Evaluating Natural Language Generated Database Records
Rita McCardell

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Session 4: System Implementation Strategies
Roberto Bisiani

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Toward a Real-Time Spoken Language System Using Commercial Hardware
Steve Austin | Pat Peterson | Paul Placeway | Richard Schwartz | Jeff Vandergrift

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The Dragon Continuous Speech Recognition System: A Real-Time Implementation
Paul Bamberg | Yen-lu Chow | Laurence Gillick | Robert Roth | Dean Sturtevant

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Hardware for Hidden Markov-Model-Based, Large-Vocabulary Real-Time Speech Recognition
M. Weintraub | G. Chen | J. Mankoski | H. Murveit | A. Stolzle | S. Narayanaswamy | P. Schrupp | B. Richards | J. Rabaey | R. Brodersen

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Session 5: Overview of the ATIS System
David S. Pallett

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Evaluation of Spoken Language Systems: the ATIS Domain
P. J. Price

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The ATIS Spoken Language Systems Pilot Corpus
Charles T. Hemphill | John J. Godfrey | George R. Doddington

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Developing an Evaluation Methodology for Spoken Language Systems
Madeleine Bates | Sean Boisen | John Makhoul

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Beyond Class A: A Proposal for Automatic Evaluation of Discourse
Lynette Hirschman | Deborah A. Dahl | Donald P. McKay | Lewis M. Norton | Marcia C. Linebarger

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DARPA ATIS Test Results June 1990
D. S. Pallett | W. M. Fisher | J. G. Fiscus | J. S. Garofolo

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Session 6: ATIS Site Reports and General Discussion
David S. Pallett

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BBN ATIS System Progress Report - June 1990
M. Bates | R. Bobrow | S. Boisen | R. Ingria | D. Stallard

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The CMU Air Travel Information Service: Understanding Spontaneous Speech
Wayne Ward

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Preliminary ATIS Development at MIT
Victor Zue | James Glass | David Goodine | Hong Leung | Michael Phillips | Joseph Polifroni | Stephanie Seneff

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Designing the Human Machine Interface in the ATIS Domain
B. Bly | P. J. Price | S. Park | S. Tepper | E. Jackson | V. Abrash

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Management and Evaluation of Interactive Dialog in the Air Travel Domain
Lewis M. Norton | Deborah A. Dahl | Donald P. McKay | Lynette Hirschman | Marcia C. Linebarger | David Magerman | Catherine N. Ball

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SRI’s Experience with the ATIS Evaluation
Robert Moore | Douglas Appelt | John Bear | Mary Dalrymple | Douglas Moran

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Session 7: Speech Recognition I
Mitch Weintraub

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An Algorithm for Determining Talker Location using a Linear Microphone Array and Optimal Hyperbolic Fit
Harvey F. Silverman

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Towards Environment-Independent Spoken Language Systems
Alejandro Acero | Richard M. Stern

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Phoneme-in-Context Modeling for Dragon’s Continuous Speech Recognizer
Paul Bamberg | Laurence Gillick

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A Rapid Match Algorithm for Continuous Speech Recognition
Laurence S. Gillick | Robert Roth

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Fast Search Algorithms for Connected Phone Recognition Using the Stochastic Segment Model
V. Digalakis | M. Ostendorf | J.R. Rohlicek

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Automatic Phonetic Baseform Determination
L. R. Bahl | S. Das | P. V. deSouza | M. Epstein | R. L. Mercer | B. Merialdo | D. Nahamoo | M. A. Picheny | J. Powell

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On the Interaction Between True Source, Training, and Testing Language Models
Douglas B. Paul | James K. Baker | Janet M. Baker

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Continuous Speech Recognition from a Phonetic Transcription
S. E. Levinson | A. Ljolje | L. G. Miller

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Algorithms for an Optimal A* Search and Linearizing the Search in the Stack Decoder*
Douglas B. Paul

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Session 8: Spoken Language Systems II
Charles T. Hemphill

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Recent Progress on the VOYAGER System
Victor Zue | James Glass | David Goodine | Hong Leung | Michael McCandless | Michael Phillips | Joseph Polifroni | Stephanie Seneff

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Training and Evaluation of a Spoken Language Understanding System
Deborah A. Dahl | Lynette Hirschman | Lewis M. Norton | Marcia C. Linebarger | David Magerman | Nghi Nguyen | Catherine N. Ball

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A Comparison of Speech and Typed Input
Alexander G. Hauptmann | Alexander I. Rudnicky

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The design of a spoken language interface
Jean-Michel Lunati | Alexander I. Rudnicky

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Syntactic and Semantic Knowledge in the DELPHI Unification Grammar
R. Bobrow | Robert Ingria | David Stallard

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On Deftly Introducing Procedural Elements into Unification Parsing
R. Bobrow | Lance Ramshaw

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Spoken Language Understanding for Personal Computers
George M. White | David Nagel

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Session 9: Automatic Acquisition of Linguistic Structure
Mitchell Marcus

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Using Explanation-Based Learning to Increase Performance in a Large-Scale NL Query System
Manny Rayner | Christer Samuelsson

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Structural Ambiguity and Lexical Relations
Donald Hindle | Mats Rooth

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Statistical Parsing of Messages
Mahesh V. Chitrao | Ralph Grishman

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Generating a grammar for statistical training
R. A. Sharman | F. Jelinek | R. Mercer

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Deducing Linguistic Structure from the Statistics of Large Corpora
Eric Brill | David Magerman | Mitchell Marcus | Beatrice Santorini

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Poor Estimates of Context are Worse than None
William A. Gale | Kenneth W. Church

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Representation Quality in Text Classification: An Introduction and Experiment
David D. Lewis

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Session 10: Evaluation of Systems on the Resource Management Database
George Doddington

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DARPA Resource Management Benchmark Test Results June 1990
D. S. Pallett | J. G. Fiscus | J. S. Garofolo

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A New Paradigm for Speaker-Independent Training and Speaker Adaptation
Francis Kubala | Richard Schwartz

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Implementation Aspects of Large Vocabulary Recognition Based on Intraword and Interword Phonetic Units
R. Pieraccini | C. H. Lee | E. Giachin | L. R. Rabiner

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Improved Acoustic Modeling for Continuous Speech Recognition
C.-H. Lee | E. Giachin | L. R. Rabiner | R. Pieraccini | A. E. Rosenberg

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Improved Hidden Markov Modeling for Speaker-Independent Continuous Speech Recognition
Xuedong Huang | Fil Alleva | Satoru Hayamizu | Hsiao-Wuen Hon | Mei-Yuh Hwang | Kai-Fu Lee

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The Lincoln Continuous Tied-Mixture HMM Speech Recognizer*
Douglas B. Paul

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Training Set Issues in SRI’s DECIPHER Speech Recognition System
Hy Murveit | Mitch Weintraub | Mike Cohen

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Recognition of Noisy Speech: Using Minimum-Mean Log-Spectral Distance Estimation
A. Erell | M. Weintraub

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Experiments with Tree-Structured MMI Encoders on the RM Task
Mark T. Anikst | William S. Meisel | Matthew C. Soares | Kai-Fu Lee

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Session 11: Natural Language II
Deborah A. Dahl

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Towards Understanding Text with a Very Large Vocabulary
Damaris Ayuso | R. Bobrow | Dawn MacLaughlin | Marie Meteer | Lance Ramshaw | Rich Schwartz | Ralph Weischedel

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Generic Text Processing: A Progress Report
Paul S. Jacobs | George R. Krupka | Susan W. McRoy | Lisa F. Rau | Norman K. Sondheimer | Uri Zernik

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Extending the Lexicon by Exploiting Subregularitles*
Robert Wilensky

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Machine Translation Again?
Yorick Wilks | Jaime Carbonell | David Farwell | Eduard Hovy | Sergei Nirenburg

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Session 12: Speech Recognition II
Jordan Cohen

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Recent Progress on the SUMMIT System
Victor Zue | James Glass | David Goodine | Hong Leung | Michael Phillips | Joseph Polifroni | Stephanie Seneff

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Spoken Letter Recognition
Ronald Cole | Mark Fanty

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An 86,000-Word Recognizer Based on Phonemic Models
M. Lennig | V. Gupta | P. Kenny | P. Mermelstein | D. O’Shaughnessy

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Recent Results from the ARM Continuous Speech Recognition Project
Martin Russell | Keith Ponting

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Adaptive Natural Language Processing
Ralph Weischedel

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Research in Continuous Speech Recognition
John Makhoul | Richard Schwartz

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Spoken Language Systems
John Makhoul

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Evaluating the Use of Prosodic Information in Speech Recognition and Understanding
Mari Ostendorf | Patti Price

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Segment-Based Acoustic Models with Multi-level Search Algorithms for Continuous Speech Recognition
Mari Ostendorf | J. Robin Rohlicek

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A Microphone-Array System for Speech Recognition Input
Harvey F. Silverman

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Speech Research at Carnegie Mellon
Raj Reddy

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The PLUS Accelerator
Roberto Bisiani

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Interactive Multimedia Explanation for Equipment Maintenance and Repair
Kathleen McKeown | Steven Feiner

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Large Vocabulary Speech Recognition Prototype
Janet M. Baker

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Portable Software Modules for Speech Recognition
John Shore

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Robust Speech Recognition Technology Program Summary
Clifford J. Weinstein | Douglas B. Paul

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Research and Development for Spoken Language Systems
Victor W. Zue

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NIST-DARPA Interagency Agreement: SLS Program
David S. Pallett

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Extending the Scope of Text Understanding Systems Evaluation
Beth Sundheim

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PROGRESS REPORT: Active Knowledge Structures in Natural Language Understanding
Yorick Wilks

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Research in Text Processing: Creating Robust and Portable Systems
Ralph Grishman

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Speech Representation and Speech Understanding
William S. Meisel

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A Real-Time Spoken-Language System Interactive Problem-Solving
Patti Price | Robert C. Moore

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Real-Time Speech Recognition Systems
Hy Murveit | Mitch Weintraub

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Project Summary: Linguistic Knowledge Sources for Spoken Language Understanding
Lynette Hirschman | Deborah Dahl

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Natural Language Research
Aravind Joshi | Mitch Marcus | Mark Steedman | Bonnie Webber

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Very Large Annotated Database of American English
Mitch Marcus

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Natural Language, Knowledge Representation, and Discourse
James F. Allen | Lenhart K. Schubert

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The Penman Natural Language Project

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Opportunities for Advanced Speech Processing in Military Computer-Based Systems*
Clifford J. Weinstein