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Speech and Natural Language: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Cape Cod, Massachusetts, October 15-18, 1989

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Report on Session I: Prosodic Aids to Speech Recognition
Lynette Hirschman

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Prosody and Parsing
P. J. Price | M. Ostendorf | C.W. Wightman

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Timing Models for Prosody and Cross-Word Coarticulation in Connected Speech
Mary E. Beckman

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Distinguishing Questions by Contour Speech Recognition Tasks
Julia Hirschberg

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SUMMARY OF SESSION 2: Spoken Language Systems I
P. Price

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Unification-Based Semantic Interpretation in the BBN Spoken Language System
David Stallard

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Modelling Non-verbal Sounds for Speech Recognition
Wayne Ward

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The VOYAGER Speech Understanding System: A Progress Report
Victor Zue | James Glass | David Goodine | Hong Leung | Michael Phillips | Joseph Polifroni | Stephanie Seneff

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Answers and Questions: Processing Messages and Queries
Catherine N. Ball | Deborah Dahl | Lewis M. Norton | Lynette Hirschman | Carl Weir | Marcia Linebarger

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Natural Language I
Bonnie Lynn Webber

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Preference Semantics for Message Understanding
Ralph Grishman | John Sterling

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Parsing, Word Associations and Typical Predicate-Argument Relations
Kenneth Church | William Gale | Patrick Hanks | Donald Hindle

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Enhanced Good-Turing and Cat-Cal: Two New Methods for Estimating Probabilities of English Bigrams (abbreviated version)
Kenneth W. Church | William A. Gale

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Augmenting a Hidden Markov Model for Phrase-Dependent Word Tagging
Julian Kupiec

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New Possibilities in Machine Translation
Eduard H. Hovy

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Data Collection And Evaluation
David S. Pallett

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Data Collection and Analysis in the Air Travel Planning Domain
Jacqueline C. Kowtko | Patti J. Price

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The Collection and Preliminary Analysis of a Spontaneous Speech Database
Victor Zue | Nancy Daly | James Glass | David Goodine | Hong Leung | Michael Phillips | Joseph Polifroni | Stephanie Seneff | Michal Soclof

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A Proposal for SLS Evaluation
Sean Boisen | Lance Ramshaw | Damaris Ayuso | Madeleine Bates

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A Simple Statistical Class Grammar for Measuring Speech Recognition Performance
Alan Derr | Richard Schwartz

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Evaluating spoken language interaction
Alexander I. Rudnicky | Michelle Sakamoto | Joseph H. Polifroni

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Preliminary Evaluation of the VOYAGER Spoken Language System
Victor Zue | James Glass | David Goodine | Hong Leung | Michael Phillips | Joseph Polifroni | Stephanie Seneff

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Data Collection and Evaluation II
Ralph Grishman

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Text on Tap: the ACL/DCI
Mark Liberman

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Spoken Language Systems II
Richard Stern

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A Stack Decoder for Continous Speech Recognition
Dean G. Sturtevant

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The N-Best Algorithm: Efficient Procedure for Finding Top N Sentence Hypotheses
Yen-Lu Chow | Richard Schwartz

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A CSR-NL Interface Specification Version 1.51
Douglas B. Paul

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Summary of Session 7 – Natural Language (Part 2)
Madeleine Bates

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Belief Ascription and Model Generative Reasoning: joining two paradigms to a robust parser of messages.
Yorick Wilks | Roger Hartley

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Porting to New Domains Using the Learner
Robert J. P. Ingna | Lance Ramshaw

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Overview: Continuous Speech Recognition I
Janet M. Baker

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Improved HMM Models for High Performance Speech Recognition
Steve Austin | Chris Barry | Yen-Lu Chow | Man Derr | Owen Kimball | Francis Kubala | John Makhoul | Paul Placeway | William Russell | Richard Schwartz | George Yu

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Speaker Adaptation Using Multiple Reference Speakers
Francis Kubala | Richard Schwartz | Chris Barry

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Automatic Detection Of New Words In A Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition System
Ayman Asadi | Richard Schwartz | John Makhoul

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Automatic New Word Acquisition: Spelling from Acoustics
Fil Alleva | Kai-Fu Lee

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Towards Speech Recognition Without Vocabulary-Specific Training
Hsiao-Wuen Hon | Kai-Fu Lee | Robert Weide

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Large-Vocabulary Speaker-Independent Continuous Speech Recognition with Semi-Continuous Hidden Markov Models
X.D. Huang | H.W. Hon | K.F. Lee

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Acoustic Modeling of Subword Units for Large Vocabulary Speaker Independent Speech Recognition
Chin-Hui Lee | Lawrence R. Rabiner | Roberto Pieraccini | Jay G. Wilpon

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Continuous Speech Recognition from Phonetic Transcription
S. E. Levinson | A Ljolje

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Tied Mixtures in the Lincoln Robust CSR
Douglas B. Paul

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Summary of Session 9 - Future Plans
Clifford Weinstein

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SUMMARY OF SESSION 10 - Continous Speech Recognition II
George Doddington

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Acoustical Pre-Processing for Robust Speech Recognition
Richard M. Stern | Alejandro Acero

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Spectral Estimation for Noise Robust Speech Recognition
Adoram Erell | Mitch Weintraub

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The Auditory Processing and Recognition of Speech
William Byrne | John Robinson | Shihab Shamma

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Improvements in the Stochastic Segment Model for Phoneme Recognition
V. Digalakis | M. Ostendorf | J.R. Rohlicek

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Some Applications of Tree-based Modelling to Speech and Language
Michael D. Riley

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Speech Recognition in Parallel
Salvatore J. Stolfo | Zvi Galil | Kathleen McKeown | Russell Mills

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Contextually-Based Data-Derived Pronunciation Networks for Automatic Speech Recognition
Francine R. Chen

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Session 11 Natural Language III
Kenneth Ward Church

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Using Structural Constraints for Speech Act Interpretation
James F. Allen | Elizabeth Hinkelman

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An Evaluation of Lexicalization in Parsing
Aravind K. Joshi | Yves Schabes

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Natural Language with Integrated Deictic and Graphic Gestures
J.G. Neal | C.Y. Thielman | Z. Dobes | S.M. Haller | S.C. Shapiro

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Coordinating Text and Graphics in Explanation Generation
Steven K. Feiner | Kathleen R. McKeown

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Summary of Session on Hardware for Spoken Language Demonstrations
Richard Schwartz

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Research and Development in Natural Language Understanding
Ralph Weischedel

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Research in Continuous Speech Recognition
John Makhoul | Richard Schwartz

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Spoken Language Systems
John Makhoul

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Generalized Consultation Systems and Knowledge Acquisition
Robert Wilensky

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Evaluating the Use of Prosodic Information in Speech Recognition and Understanding
Mari Ostendorf | Patti Price

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Segment-Based Acoustic Models with Multi-level Search Algorithms for Continuous Speech Recognition
Mari Ostendorf | J. Robin Rohlicek

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A Microphone Array System for Speech Recognition
Harvey F. Silverman

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Speech Research at Carnegie Mellon
Raj Reddy

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The Current Status of the Penman Language Generation System
Eduard H. Hovy

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Research and Development for Spoken Language Systems
Victor W. Zue

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Robust Speech Recognition Technology Program Summary
Clifford J. Weinstein | Douglas B. Paul

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Establishing Performance Baselines for Text Understanding Systems
Beth Sundheim

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Robust Natural Language Analysis
Ralph Grishman

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Pilot Project on Speech Recognition Using Layered Abduction and Multiple Knowledge Types
J. Josephson | M. Beckman | R. Fox | A. Krishnamurthy | T. Patten | L. Feth | B. Chandrasekaran

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Natural Language, Knowledge Representation and Discourse
James F. Allen | Lenhart K. Schubert

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Preprocessors for Noisy Speech
George Zweig

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Integration of Speech and Natural Language Understanding for Spoken Language Systems (SLS)
Patti Price

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Real-Time Speech Recognition Systems
Hy Murveit

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TACITUS: A Message Understanding System
Jerry R. Hobbs | Douglas Appelt | John Bear | Mark Stickel | Mabry Tyson

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Analysis and Symbolic Processing of Unrestricted Speech
M. Margaret Withgott | Ronald M. Kaplan

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White Paper on Spoken Language Systems
John Makhoul | Fred Jelinek | Larry Rabiner | Clifford Weinstein | Victor Zue

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White Paper on Natural Language Processing
Ralph Weischedel | Jaime Carbonell | Barbara Grosz | Wendy Lehnert | Mitchell Marcus | Raymond Perrault | Robert Wilensky

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Author Index