Enhancing Computation Efficiency in Large Language Models through Weight and Activation Quantization
Janghwan Lee, Minsoo Kim, Seungcheol Baek, Seok Hwang, Wonyong Sung, Jungwook Choi
Abstract
Large Language Models (LLMs) are proficient in natural language processing tasks, but their deployment is often restricted by extensive parameter sizes and computational demands. This paper focuses on post-training quantization (PTQ) in LLMs, specifically 4-bit weight and 8-bit activation (W4A8) quantization, to enhance computational efficiency—a topic less explored compared to weight-only quantization. We present two innovative techniques: activation-quantization-aware scaling (AQAS) and sequence-length-aware calibration (SLAC) to enhance PTQ by considering the combined effects on weights and activations and aligning calibration sequence lengths to target tasks. Moreover, we introduce dINT, a hybrid data format combining integer and denormal representations, to address the underflow issue in W4A8 quantization, where small values are rounded to zero. Through rigorous evaluations of LLMs, including OPT and LLaMA, we demonstrate that our techniques significantly boost task accuracies to levels comparable with full-precision models. By developing arithmetic units compatible with dINT, we further confirm that our methods yield a 2× hardware efficiency improvement compared to 8-bit integer MAC unit.- Anthology ID:
- 2023.emnlp-main.910
- Volume:
- Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
- Month:
- December
- Year:
- 2023
- Address:
- Singapore
- Editors:
- Houda Bouamor, Juan Pino, Kalika Bali
- Venue:
- EMNLP
- SIG:
- Publisher:
- Association for Computational Linguistics
- Note:
- Pages:
- 14726–14739
- Language:
- URL:
- https://aclanthology.org/2023.emnlp-main.910
- DOI:
- 10.18653/v1/2023.emnlp-main.910
- Cite (ACL):
- Janghwan Lee, Minsoo Kim, Seungcheol Baek, Seok Hwang, Wonyong Sung, and Jungwook Choi. 2023. Enhancing Computation Efficiency in Large Language Models through Weight and Activation Quantization. In Proceedings of the 2023 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 14726–14739, Singapore. Association for Computational Linguistics.
- Cite (Informal):
- Enhancing Computation Efficiency in Large Language Models through Weight and Activation Quantization (Lee et al., EMNLP 2023)
- PDF:
- https://preview.aclanthology.org/emnlp-22-attachments/2023.emnlp-main.910.pdf