Look at the First Sentence: Position Bias in Question Answering
Miyoung Ko, Jinhyuk Lee, Hyunjae Kim, Gangwoo Kim, Jaewoo Kang
Abstract
Many extractive question answering models are trained to predict start and end positions of answers. The choice of predicting answers as positions is mainly due to its simplicity and effectiveness. In this study, we hypothesize that when the distribution of the answer positions is highly skewed in the training set (e.g., answers lie only in the k-th sentence of each passage), QA models predicting answers as positions can learn spurious positional cues and fail to give answers in different positions. We first illustrate this position bias in popular extractive QA models such as BiDAF and BERT and thoroughly examine how position bias propagates through each layer of BERT. To safely deliver position information without position bias, we train models with various de-biasing methods including entropy regularization and bias ensembling. Among them, we found that using the prior distribution of answer positions as a bias model is very effective at reducing position bias, recovering the performance of BERT from 37.48% to 81.64% when trained on a biased SQuAD dataset.- Anthology ID:
- 2020.emnlp-main.84
- Volume:
- Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP)
- Month:
- November
- Year:
- 2020
- Address:
- Online
- Editors:
- Bonnie Webber, Trevor Cohn, Yulan He, Yang Liu
- Venue:
- EMNLP
- SIG:
- Publisher:
- Association for Computational Linguistics
- Note:
- Pages:
- 1109–1121
- Language:
- URL:
- https://aclanthology.org/2020.emnlp-main.84
- DOI:
- 10.18653/v1/2020.emnlp-main.84
- Cite (ACL):
- Miyoung Ko, Jinhyuk Lee, Hyunjae Kim, Gangwoo Kim, and Jaewoo Kang. 2020. Look at the First Sentence: Position Bias in Question Answering. In Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), pages 1109–1121, Online. Association for Computational Linguistics.
- Cite (Informal):
- Look at the First Sentence: Position Bias in Question Answering (Ko et al., EMNLP 2020)
- PDF:
- https://preview.aclanthology.org/emnlp-22-attachments/2020.emnlp-main.84.pdf
- Code
- dmis-lab/position-bias
- Data
- DROP, Natural Questions, NewsQA, SQuAD