Abstract
Reading order detection is the cornerstone to understanding visually-rich documents (e.g., receipts and forms). Unfortunately, no existing work took advantage of advanced deep learning models because it is too laborious to annotate a large enough dataset. We observe that the reading order of WORD documents is embedded in their XML metadata; meanwhile, it is easy to convert WORD documents to PDFs or images. Therefore, in an automated manner, we construct ReadingBank, a benchmark dataset that contains reading order, text, and layout information for 500,000 document images covering a wide spectrum of document types. This first-ever large-scale dataset unleashes the power of deep neural networks for reading order detection. Specifically, our proposed LayoutReader captures the text and layout information for reading order prediction using the seq2seq model. It performs almost perfectly in reading order detection and significantly improves both open-source and commercial OCR engines in ordering text lines in their results in our experiments. The dataset and models are publicly available at https://aka.ms/layoutreader.- Anthology ID:
- 2021.emnlp-main.389
- Volume:
- Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing
- Month:
- November
- Year:
- 2021
- Address:
- Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic
- Editors:
- Marie-Francine Moens, Xuanjing Huang, Lucia Specia, Scott Wen-tau Yih
- Venue:
- EMNLP
- SIG:
- Publisher:
- Association for Computational Linguistics
- Note:
- Pages:
- 4735–4744
- Language:
- URL:
- https://aclanthology.org/2021.emnlp-main.389
- DOI:
- 10.18653/v1/2021.emnlp-main.389
- Cite (ACL):
- Zilong Wang, Yiheng Xu, Lei Cui, Jingbo Shang, and Furu Wei. 2021. LayoutReader: Pre-training of Text and Layout for Reading Order Detection. In Proceedings of the 2021 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing, pages 4735–4744, Online and Punta Cana, Dominican Republic. Association for Computational Linguistics.
- Cite (Informal):
- LayoutReader: Pre-training of Text and Layout for Reading Order Detection (Wang et al., EMNLP 2021)
- PDF:
- https://preview.aclanthology.org/dois-2013-emnlp/2021.emnlp-main.389.pdf
- Code
- microsoft/unilm
- Data
- ReadingBank, ROOR