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@misc{garimella2018polarization,
      title={Political Discourse on Social Media: Echo Chambers, Gatekeepers, and the Price of Bipartisanship}, 
      author={Kiran Garimella and Gianmarco De Francisci Morales and Aristides Gionis and Michael Mathioudakis},
      year={2018},
      eprint={1801.01665},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.SI},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/1801.01665}, 
}
@article{barbera2020social,
    author  = {Pablo Barber{\'a}},
    title   = {Social Media, Echo Chambers, and Political Polarization},
    journal = {Social Media + Society},
    year    = {2020},
    volume  = {6},
    number  = {3},
    pages   = {1--12},
    doi     = {10.1177/2056305120948190}
}

@article{kubin2021three,
    author  = {Emily Kubin and Christian von Sikorski},
    title   = {Three Dimensions of Political Polarization},
    journal = {Political Psychology},
    year    = {2021},
    volume  = {42},
    number  = {S1},
    pages   = {3--33},
    doi     = {10.1111/pops.12712}
}

@article{waller2021shaping,
    author  = {Isaac Waller and Ashton Anderson},
    title   = {Shaping Public Opinion Through Social Media},
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@article{iandoli2021algorithmic,
    author  = {Luca Iandoli and Stefano Primario and Fabiana Zollo},
    title   = {Algorithmic Polarization in Social Media: A Systematic Literature Review},
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    year    = {2021},
    volume  = {36},
    number  = {4},
    pages   = {293--306},
    doi     = {10.1177/02683962211040411}
}

@article{arora2022polarization,
    author  = {Ashish Arora},
    title   = {Understanding Online Polarization: A Survey},
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    year    = {2022},
    volume  = {55},
    number  = {5},
    pages   = {1--38},
    doi     = {10.1145/3528226}
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    doi     = {10.1145/3442381.3450040}
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@inproceedings{devlin2019bert,
    author  = {Jacob Devlin},
    title   = {BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding},
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@inproceedings{liu2019multi,
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@inproceedings{vidgen2021learning,
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@inproceedings{feng2021survey,
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@inproceedings{wei2019eda,
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      Mosbach, Marius  and
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@article{DBLP:journals/corr/abs-1907-11692,
  author    = {Yinhan Liu and
               Myle Ott and
               Naman Goyal and
               Jingfei Du and
               Mandar Joshi and
               Danqi Chen and
               Omer Levy and
               Mike Lewis and
               Luke Zettlemoyer and
               Veselin Stoyanov},
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  year      = {2019},
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  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  eprint    = {1907.11692},
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@misc{polar2026task9overview,
  author    = {Naseem, Usman and Yimam, Seid Muhie and Geislinger, Robert 
               and Muhammad, Shamsuddeen Hassan and Kohail, Sarah 
               and Ren, Juan and Garrido Veliz, Rudy Alexandro 
               and Anwar, Saba and Ahmad, Ibrahim Said and Abdul, Idris},
  title     = {{SemEval-2026 Task 9: Detecting Multilingual, Multicultural, 
               and Multievent Online Polarization}},
  year      = {2026},
  note      = {Forthcoming in Proceedings of SemEval-2026}
}



@inproceedings{naseem-etal-2026-polar,

title = {{S}em{E}val-2026 Task 9: Detecting Multilingual, Multicultural and Multievent Online Polarization},

author = {Naseem, Usman and

           Geislinger, Robert and

           Ren, Juan and

           Kohail, Sarah and

           Garrido Veliz, Rudy and

           Sam Sahil, P and

           Zhang, Yiran and

           Stranisci, Marco Antonio and

           Abdulmumin, Idris and

           Alacam, {"O}zge and

           Acar{"u}rk, Cengiz and

           Jabr, Aisha and

           Anwar, Saba and

           Ayele, Abinew Ali and

           Tutubalina, Elena and

           Htet, Aung Kyaw and

           Wang, Xintong and

           Thapa, Surendrabikram and

           Chakraborty, Tanmoy and

           Kodati, Dheeraj and

           Moradizeyveh, Sahar and

           Alam, Firoj and

           Thu, Ye Kyaw and

           Parida, Shantipriya and

           Qazi, Ihsan Ayyub and

           Onyango, Nelson Odhiambo and

           Siro, Clemencia and

           Ahmad, Ibrahim Said and

           Wanzare, Lilian and

           Ali, Adem Chanie and

           Semmann, Martin and

           Biemann, Chris and

           Muhammad, Shamsuddeen Hassan and

           Yimam, Seid Muhie},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2026)},

year = {2026},

publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},

}



@misc{naseem2026polarbenchmarkmultilingualmulticultural,

  title={POLAR: A Benchmark for Multilingual, Multicultural, and Multi-Event Online Polarization},

  author={Usman Naseem and Robert Geislinger and Juan Ren and Sarah Kohail and Rudy Garrido Veliz and P Sam Sahil and Yiran Zhang and Marco Antonio Stranisci and Idris Abdulmumin and Özge Alacam and Cengiz Acartürk and Aisha Jabr and Saba Anwar and Abinew Ali Ayele and Simona Frenda and Alessandra Teresa Cignarella and Elena Tutubalina and Oleg Rogov and Aung Kyaw Htet and Xintong Wang and Surendrabikram Thapa and Kritesh Rauniyar and Tanmoy Chakraborty and Arfeen Zeeshan and Dheeraj Kodati and Satya Keerthi and Sahar Moradizeyveh and Firoj Alam and Arid Hasan and Syed Ishtiaque Ahmed and Ye Kyaw Thu and Shantipriya Parida and Ihsan Ayyub Qazi and Lilian Wanzare and Nelson Odhiambo Onyango and Clemencia Siro and Jane Wanjiru Kimani and Ibrahim Said Ahmad and Adem Chanie Ali and Martin Semmann and Chris Biemann and Shamsuddeen Hassan Muhammad and Seid Muhie Yimam},

  year={2026},

  eprint={2505.20624},

  archivePrefix={arXiv},

  primaryClass={cs.CL},

  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.20624}, 
}



@misc{wei2019edaeasydataaugmentation,
      title={EDA: Easy Data Augmentation Techniques for Boosting Performance on Text Classification Tasks}, 
      author={Jason Wei and Kai Zou},
      year={2019},
      eprint={1901.11196},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.11196}, 
}