\section{Characterizing Words}
\label{app:seed}
Table \ref{tab:seedwords} shows adjectives and expressions used to characterize feminists. Italian shows more linguistic creativity and is associated with politics-related epithets (centrosocialina, piddina, sinistroide, notavista, zecche), while English words are more linked to the privilege: white, rich, wealthy. This is a key difference in how feminists are framed across languages.


\onecolumn
\begin{longtable}{|p{1.5cm}|p{2.5cm}|p{11cm}|}
\hline
\textbf{Lang} & \textbf{Frame} & \textbf{Terms} \\
\hline
IT & stereotype & cesse, frustrate, di sinistra, della domenica, troia, puttana, obese, sottomesse, ipocrita, incoerente, incazzate, poverine, progressiste, represse, estremista, figa, bella, carina, antifascista, capelli colorati, scarpe ortopediche \\
\hline
IT & sarcasm & ambientalista, ecologista, da salotto, intelligenti, progressista, pragmatica, pura, sensibile \\
\hline
IT & list & antifascista, antirazzista, notavista, socialista, liberista, europeista, sionista, ambientalista, pacifista, ritardate, sgualdrine, tossicodipendenti, di Bologna, emancipata, vera, progressista, ecologista, gayfriendly, arriviste, opportuniste, misandriche \\
\hline
IT & intersectionality & centrosocialine, satanista, deleterie, piddina, fasciste, radical chic, sinistroidi, talebana, liberista, immigrazionista, amanti del burqa \\
\hline
IT & insult & maledette, ritardate, folli, nazifemministe, ultrafemministe, cesse, obese, brutte, se conviene, piddina, progressista, radical chic, naziste, fasciste, socialmente deleterie, talebane, stupide, troia, vecchia, scassacazzi, liberale, collega, madre, rompicoglioni, obesa, stronza, frustrate, opportuniste, nullafacenti, comuniste, lesbiche, spie, boomer, zecche, misandriche, ignoranti, isteriche \\
\hline
IT & inanimate & vittimismo, stronzate, discorsi, ideologia, propaganda, lobby, linguaggio vomitevole, follia, deriva, retorica, società, ipergamia, idee, battaglie, crociata, campagna, degenerazione, dittatura, stampa, trionfo \\
\hline
IT & double standard & a convenienza, ipocrite, donna, moglie, tipa, sinistra, scema, zoccola, paladina, idiota, mute, ridicole, oppresse \\
\hline
IT & DARVO & lobotomizzate, esaurite, bigotte, ipocrite, rovinano società, incoerenti, stupide, patologiche, ottuse, ignoranti, rincoglionite, moraliste, frustrate, aggressive, intolleranti, opprimenti, prevaricatrici, malvagie, censuratrici, fanatiche, autoritarie, totalitarie, narcisiste, moralizzatrici, deleterie, metastasi, disturbate \\
\hline
IT & distance & aggressiva, esagerata, divisiva, incoerente, odiosa \\
\hline
IT & misandry & misandriche, nemiche, ridicolizzanti, estremista, disgustosa, tipica \\
\hline
IT & dismissal of feminism & ennesima, frustrate, occidentali, rompipalle, piena di sé, estreme, ideologgizzata, complessata, ridicola, piagnisteo, troiate, feccia, retorica \\
\hline
IT & attitude & cancerogene / cancro, ipocrite, bestie, stupida, brutta, sfigata, mostruosa, zecca, troia, lobotomizzata, ridicole, di merda, inutili, da estirpare, da sprangare, da umiliare, da sodomizzare, da rinchiudere in lager \\
\hline
\caption{List of words and expressions used to describe feminists in Italian, grouped by frame. The frame men is excluded. Some words are repeated throughout the frames, while some others are frame-specific.}
    \label{tab:seedwords}
\end{longtable}

\onecolumn
\begin{longtable}{|p{1.5cm}|p{2.5cm}|p{11cm}|}
\hline
\textbf{Lang} & \textbf{Frame} & \textbf{Terms} \\
\hline
EN & stereotype & unattractive, fat, disgruntled, hostile, blue-haired, average, neurotic, low IQ, alternative, angry, modern, third-wave, ugly, desperate, radical, uninformed, emotional, irrationally smug, activist, fanatic, tumblr-esque, loud, degenerate, bourgeoise, europid, liberal, intersectional, selfish, abnormal, retarded, childish, western, vocal, fake, borderline, empowered, cunty, slutty, entitled, narcissistic, manhating, smug, hypocritical, manipulative, brainwashed, mindless, delusional, sociopathic, attention-seeking, elitist, irrational, insincere, pretentious, virtue-signaling, confused, vindictive, bitter, overprivileged, stubborn, domineering \\
\hline
EN & sarcasm & white, rich, stuck-up, private, cucked, liberal, feminist, boring, sad, old, withered, cuckolded, empowered, sexist, radical \\
\hline
EN & list & slut, feminist, neofeminist, militant, eco-feminist, hypergamous, unreliable, sluttier, degenerate, cucked, dumb, sjw (social justice warrior), narcissist \\
\hline
EN & intersectionality & stupid, useful, trans, racist, liberal, entitled, snobby, arrogant, disrespectful, selfish, modern, occidental, bourgeoisie, token, intersectional, third-wave, radical, enlightened \\
\hline
EN & insult & dumb, disgusting, low-test, attention-whoring, unnattractive, empowered, disgruntled, white, fat, bacon-greased, cucked, shitty, manipulative, hypocritical, lying, degenerate, modern, retarded, scum, nasty, dirty, slimy, liberal, ugly, trans, fanatic, third-wave, unfeminized, radical, activist, vocal, seventh-wave, avid \\
\hline
EN & inanimate & reddit, society, delusions, echo chambers, lies, idea, logic, society, narrative, demands, savior complex, agenda, posters, bullshit, hivemind, ideology \\
\hline
EN & double standard & fucking dumb, disgusting, roastie, whore, feminist slags, unattractive, attention-seeking, lacking morals, lacking values, cunts, entitled, manipulative, grotesque, fat, smelly, obnoxious, angry, blue-haired, tumblrina, disturbed, confused, hypergamous, unreliable, slutty, hilarious (in mocking male rape), hostile, feminist hivemind, childish, brainwashed, misandrist, radical, supremacist, hypocritical, degenerate, disgruntled, empowered (used sarcastically), normie \\
\hline
EN & DARVO & fascist, thug-life-destroying, mafia-like, traumatizing, emotionally damaging, life-ruining, cucked, militant, low IQ, self-confessed, brainwashed, obnoxious, manipulative, hypocritical, lying, power-hungry, radical, entitled, supremacist, destructive, cancerous, dishonest, oppressive, hateful, politically correct (used pejoratively), privileged, weaponizing, degrading, infantilizing, society-destroying, authoritarian, female supremacist, ideology of devils, sociopathic, virtue-signaling, SJW-aligned, attention-seeking, anti-male, delusional, sexually repressive, humorless, enraged, regressive \\
\hline
EN & distance & low IQ, meme patriarchy, degenerate, westernized, disgusting, terrible, inconsistent, deluded, annoying, sexist (used sarcastically), useless, braindead, loud, emotionally manipulative, hypocritical, damaging, obnoxious, cancerous, double-standarded, childish, unjust, enraging, sadistic, vindictive, disingenuous, attention-seeking \\
\hline
EN & misandry & fascist, tyrant, mafia, gynocratic, lies, ugly, destructive, hysterical, controlling, manipulative, supremacist, hateful, sexist, deluded, smug, hivemind, nuts, insane, vindictive, made-up, fake, oppressive, overreaching, emotionally manipulative, dishonest, authoritarian, shame-based, anti-male, hypocritical, weaponized, infantilizing, ideologically extreme, self-serving, irrational \\
\hline
EN & dismissal of feminism & femoid cunts, sexual objects, degenerate, monopoly-seeking, cuntrag, primitive creatures, bitches, second-class citizens, emotionally driven, logically incapable, deceptive, branch swinging, evil creatures, beta cucks, entitled, delusional, selfish, manipulative, snobby, arrogant, disrespectful, propped-up, bourgeoisie, virtue-signalling, performative, inconsistent, irrational, tokenist, unenlightened, destructive, hysterical, loud minority, hateful, sexist, hivemind, overprivileged, fabricated \\
\hline
EN & attitude & cancer to society, cum dumpsters, beta cucks, evil, primitive creatures, logically incapable, deceptive, attention-seeking, empowered whores, manipulative, hypocritical, lying pieces of garbage, cannot be given rights, sjw, degenerate, cuck, polyamorous, pansexual, trans scum, retarded, marxist trouble makers, nerds, danger to mankind, feminazis, hyper-feminists, discriminatory, weaponizing sex, horny monkies, labour market hoarders, fanatic tumblr hivemind, avid \\
\hline
\end{longtable}


\onecolumn
\begin{longtable}{|p{1.5cm}|p{2.5cm}|p{11cm}|}
\hline
\textbf{Lang} & \textbf{Frame} & \textbf{Terms} \\
\hline
SE & Stereotype & rabiata, lättkränkta, könsudda, extrem, skrikande, fanatiska, rödvinsvänster, genusfeminister, vegan, genusfeminist, radikalfeminister, vänsterfeminist, pk, lattefeminist, anarkofeminister, tumblrfeminister, militant, Twitterfeminister, näsringsfeminister \\
\hline
SE & Insult & rabiata, tokfeminist, idiotfeminister, feministpajsare, fet, nazifeminister, tjockisar, dumma, feminist muppar, mentalt sjuka, marxist/kommunist/nazist, dunderfeminister, vulgär, verklighetsfrånvänd, ful, feministfitta, efterblivet, drägg, galna, vidriga, hemska, äcklig, skräpmänniskor, feministjävlarna \\
\hline
SE & Inanimate & agenda, feministkort, feministiska regeringen, indoktrinering, trams, propaganda, sverige, konspiration, ideologin, feministlogik, lögner, packet, feministskräp, feministiska myter, feminist-skit, media \\
\hline
SE & Double standard & förståsigpå-feminister, offerkoftade feminister, feminister som riktar hat, feminist diskriminering, rasist feminster, feminister med dubbelmoral \\
\hline
SE & Distance & arga feminister, extremfeminister, radikalfeminister, feministlogik, offerkoftade feminister, feminister med dubbelmoral, kulturmarxistiska feminister, skrikande feminister, hjärntvättade feminister, feministpacket, snöflinge-teokrati \\
\hline
SE & Dismissal of feminism & arga feminister, statligt sponsrade feminister, hjärntvättade feminister, värdelösa feminister, gnälliga feminister, feminister som hatar logik, propagandafeminister, tramsfeminister, självömkande feminister \\
\hline
SE & DARVO & förstör samhället/sverige, misshandlar män, feministiska ondsk, feminister som har fått påverka regeringen, härskarteknik använd av feminister, använder statens våld, svenskt samhälle kommer kollapsa, styras och diskrimineras av feminister, könshatande genusideologer, talibanfeminister, maktgalna, kulturelit \\
\hline
SE & Attitude & skjuta och knivhugga feminister mer, drömma om att mörda feminister, hatar feminister, förtjänar livstids inspärrning i en madresserad cell, våldtäktshotar \\
\hline
SE & Misandry & manshatande, manshatare, feminister som tror att män är svin, tänker på män som oempatiska monster \\
\hline
SE & Sarcasm & feministisk snöröjning, svenska feminister för upptagna med att åka runt på bussen i stockholm och ojja sig över manspreading, feminister är ju aaaaaaldrig självcentrerade \\
\hline
SE & List & pkvänsterfeministiska, hbtqmarxistiska, post-marxistiskt-überfeministisk-snöflinge-teokrati, kulturmarxistisk feminist, dödsknarkarmiljöpartifeministislamistvåldsvänster, extremvänster/extremfeminister/halalhippies, sjw/feminist \\
\hline
SE & Intersect. & ickebinära-feminister, svenska feminister, ta striden för sina systrar från mellanöstern, titta i afrika och mellanöstern och engagera sig i kvinnokampen där \\
\hline
\end{longtable}
