% Use this file for citations not found in the ACL Anthology (contained in "anthology.bib").



@inproceedings{baumgartner2020pushshift,
  title={{The Pushshift Reddit Dataset}},
  author={Baumgartner, Jason and Zannettou, Savvas and Keegan, Brian and Squire, Megan and Blackburn, Jeremy},
  booktitle={Proceedings of the international AAAI conference on web and social media},
  volume={14},
  pages={830--839},
  year={2020}
}

@misc{jiang2023mistral7b,
      title={Mistral 7B}, 
      author={Albert Q. Jiang and Alexandre Sablayrolles and Arthur Mensch and Chris Bamford and Devendra Singh Chaplot and Diego de las Casas and Florian Bressand and Gianna Lengyel and Guillaume Lample and Lucile Saulnier and Lélio Renard Lavaud and Marie-Anne Lachaux and Pierre Stock and Teven Le Scao and Thibaut Lavril and Thomas Wang and Timothée Lacroix and William El Sayed},
      year={2023},
      eprint={2310.06825},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.06825}, 
}

@book{manne2017down,
  title={Down girl: The logic of misogyny},
  author={Manne, Kate},
  year={2017},
  publisher={Oxford University Press}
}

@article{guzman-monteza-2023-annotation-method,
title = {Assessment of an annotation method for the detection of Spanish argumentative, non-argumentative, and their components},
journal = {Telematics and Informatics Reports},
volume = {11},
pages = {100068},
year = {2023},
issn = {2772-5030},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teler.2023.100068},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772503023000282},
author = {Yudi Guzmán-Monteza},
keywords = {Annotation method, Argumentation model, Annotation guide, Cohen's Kappa, Fleiss Kappa},
abstract = {There are many annotation methods for the English language based on adapting an argumentation model according to the study domain. However, as far as research has been done, there are no annotation methods for detecting argumentative content in Spanish, not only due to the complexity of identifying the evidence but also because of the lack of data available for this task. The research aims to present and evaluate an annotation method consisting of an adapted argumentation model, an annotation guide, and an annotation process based on Twitter data analysis. The Inter Annotator Agreement (IAA) study achieves 0.63 Fleiss Kappa for Argument/Non-Argument tagging, 0.35 Fleiss Kappa for Argument Component tagging, and 0.53 Fleiss Kappa for Non-Argument Component tagging, while the best Cohen's kappa (k) index achieved, was 0.73, 0.52 and 0.75 respectively. The results' assessment highlights the need to include linguistic segmentation rules for the second annotation task. It is crucial to use discourse markers for the claim and evidence detection. For the first annotation task, it determined that if the prevalence index and the bias index are very low, the prevalence index predominates over the bias index because k increases (0.52<=k<=0.72); likewise, for the third annotation task, when the observed agreement index is almost perfect (0.92) the value of k increases (k=0.75) despite a high prevalence index and a low bias index. The annotated corpus with a Fleiss Kappa >= 0.60, agreement and disagreement tables, and confusion matrices code are available on Mendeley Data Repository.}
}
@inproceedings{muti-etal-2024-language,
    title = "Language is Scary when Over-Analyzed: Unpacking Implied Misogynistic Reasoning with Argumentation Theory-Driven Prompts",
    author = "Muti, Arianna  and
      Ruggeri, Federico  and
      Khatib, Khalid Al  and
      Barr{\'o}n-Cede{\~n}o, Alberto  and
      Caselli, Tommaso",
    editor = "Al-Onaizan, Yaser  and
      Bansal, Mohit  and
      Chen, Yun-Nung",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
    month = nov,
    year = "2024",
    address = "Miami, Florida, USA",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.1174",
    pages = "21091--21107",
    abstract = "We propose misogyny detection as an Argumentative Reasoning task and we investigate the capacity of large language models (LLMs) to understand the implicit reasoning used to convey misogyny in both Italian and English. The central aim is to generate the missing reasoning link between a message and the implied meanings encoding the misogyny. Our study uses argumentation theory as a foundation to form a collection of prompts in both zero-shot and few-shot settings. These prompts integrate different techniques, including chain-of-thought reasoning and augmented knowledge. Our findings show that LLMs fall short on reasoning capabilities about misogynistic comments and that they mostly rely on their implicit knowledge derived from internalized common stereotypes about women to generate implied assumptions, rather than on inductive reasoning.",
}

@article{diaz2020slur,
  title={What is a slur?},
  author={Diaz-Legaspe, Justina},
  journal={Philosophical Studies},
  volume={177},
  number={5},
  pages={1399--1422},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{popa2018slurs,
  title={Slurs, roles and power},
  author={Popa-Wyatt, Mihaela and Wyatt, Jeremy L},
  journal={Philosophical Studies},
  volume={175},
  pages={2879--2906},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{diabah2023gendered,
  title={Gendered discourses and pejorative language use: An analysis of YouTube comments on We should all be feminists},
  author={Diabah, Grace},
  journal={Discourse, Context \& Media},
  volume={51},
  pages={100667},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Elsevier}
}

@article{bergmann1986many,
  title={How many feminists does it take to make a joke? Sexist humor and what's wrong with it},
  author={Bergmann, Memo},
  journal={Hypatia},
  volume={1},
  number={1},
  pages={63--82},
  year={1986},
  publisher={Cambridge University Press}
}


@article{rel15050533,
AUTHOR = {Ahmadi, Donya},
TITLE = {Between a Rock and a Hard Place: The Intersectional Experiences of Iranian Feminists from Minoritized Ethno-National Backgrounds},
JOURNAL = {Religions},
VOLUME = {15},
YEAR = {2024},
NUMBER = {5},
ARTICLE-NUMBER = {533},
URL = {https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/15/5/533},
ISSN = {2077-1444},
ABSTRACT = {Over the past decades, Iran has been witnessing the growth of a burgeoning feminist movement. With its origins deeply rooted in the early 20th century, the Iranian feminist movement, as such, is not a uniform body: it embodies various, opposing even, political ideologies under the umbrella of feminism, reflecting the divergent social locations of its protagonists. While the movement has been criticized for its centralist, middle-class and at times apolitical tendencies, academic scholarship has yet to offer intersectional analyses that problematize historically rooted and daily materialized relations of power within the movement, particularly in relation to axes such as ethnicity (and race), religion, gender identity, sexuality, and (dis)ability. In light of this gap, the present article aims towards documenting and theorizing the intersectionality of the challenges facing Iranian feminist activists belonging to various ethnic nations and religious beliefs. Drawing on ethnographic research, it argues that minority feminists find themselves between a rock and a hard place: the rock being masculinist politics within their minoritized communities, which prioritize ethno-nationalist demands over gendered ones; the hard place being a centralist liberal feminist movement that fails to reflect the intersectionality of their experiences as non-Persian non-Shia women, thereby reproducing hierarchies of power in relation to ethnicity, religion, and class.},
DOI = {10.3390/rel15050533}
}

@article{north2009rejecting,
  title={Rejecting the ‘F-word’ How ‘feminism’and ‘feminists’ are understood in the newsroom},
  author={North, Louise},
  journal={Journalism},
  volume={10},
  number={6},
  pages={739--757},
  year={2009},
  publisher={Sage publications Sage UK: London, England}
}

@article{schaffer1998scare,
  title={Scare words:‘Feminism’, postmodern consumer culture and the media},
  author={Schaffer, Kay},
  journal={Continuum: Journal of Media \& Cultural Studies},
  volume={12},
  number={3},
  pages={321--334},
  year={1998},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{swirsky2014femi,
  title={Femi-nazis and bra burning crazies: A qualitative evaluation of contemporary beliefs about feminism},
  author={Swirsky, Jill M and Angelone, DJ},
  journal={Current Psychology},
  volume={33},
  pages={229--245},
  year={2014},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{mccabe2005s,
  title={What’s in a label? The relationship between feminist self-identification and “feminist” attitudes among US women and men},
  author={McCabe, Janice},
  journal={Gender \& Society},
  volume={19},
  number={4},
  pages={480--505},
  year={2005},
  publisher={Sage Publications Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA}
}

@article{lewis2019online,
  title={Online/offline continuities: Exploring misogyny and hate in online abuse of feminists},
  author={Lewis, Ruth and Rowe, Mike and Wiper, Clare},
  journal={Online othering: Exploring digital violence and discrimination on the Web},
  pages={121--143},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@article{aiston2024vicious,
  title={‘Vicious, vitriolic, hateful and hypocritical’: the representation of feminism within the manosphere},
  author={Aiston, Jessica},
  journal={Critical Discourse Studies},
  volume={21},
  number={6},
  pages={703--720},
  year={2024},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{dafaure2022memes,
  title={Memes, trolls and the manosphere: mapping the manifold expressions of antifeminism and misogyny online},
  author={Dafaure, Maxime},
  journal={European Journal of English Studies},
  volume={26},
  number={2},
  pages={236--254},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{Srivastava2017Misogyny,
  author  = {Srivastava, Kalpana and Chaudhury, Suprakash and Bhat, P.~S. and Sahu, Samiksha},
  title   = {Misogyny, Feminism, and Sexual Harassment},
  journal = {Industrial Psychiatry Journal},
  year    = {2017},
  volume  = {26},
  number  = {2},
  pages   = {111--113},
  month   = {Jul},
  doi     = {10.4103/ipj.ipj_32_18}
}
@article{exist2021,
	author = {Rodríguez-Sánchez, Francisco and Carrillo-de-Albornoz, Jorge and Plaza, Laura and Gonzalo, Julio and Rosso, Paolo and Comet, Miriam and Donoso, Trinidad},
	title = {Overview of EXIST 2021: sEXism Identification in Social neTworks},
	journal = {Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural},
	volume = {67},
	number = {0},
	year = {2021},
	keywords = {},
	abstract = {The paper describes the organization, goals, and results of the sEXism Identiﬁcation in Social neTworks (EXIST) challenge, a shared task proposed for the ﬁrst time at IberLEF 2021. EXIST 2021 proposes two challenges: sexism identiﬁ-cation and sexism categorization of tweets and gabs, both in Spanish and English. We have received a total of 70 runs for the sexism identiﬁcation task and 61 for the sexism categorization challenge, submitted by 31 diﬀerent teams from 11 countries. We present the dataset, the evaluation methodology, an overview of the proposed systems, and the results obtained. The ﬁnal dataset consists of more than 11,000 annotated texts from two social networks (Twitter and Gab) and its development has been supervised and monitored by experts in gender issues.},
	issn = {1989-7553},
	url = {http://journal.sepln.org/sepln/ojs/ojs/index.php/pln/article/view/6389},
	pages = {195--207}
}
@article{Entman1993Framing,
  author  = {Entman, Robert M.},
  title   = {Framing: Toward Clarification of a Fractured Paradigm},
  journal = {Journal of Communication},
  year    = {1993},
  volume  = {43},
  number  = {4},
  pages   = {51--58},
  month   = dec,
  doi     = {10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x},
  url     = {https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x}
}
@article{Ging2019Alphas,
  author       = {Ging, Debbie},
  title        = {Alphas, Betas, and Incels: Theorizing the Masculinities of the Manosphere},
  journal      = {Men and Masculinities},
  year         = {2019},
  volume       = {22},
  number       = {4},
  pages        = {638--657},
  month        = {oct},
  doi          = {10.1177/1097184X17706401},
  publisher    = {SAGE Publications},
  note         = {First published online May 10, 2017}
}

@article{dickel2023victims,
  title={“Victims of feminism”: exploring networked misogyny and\# MeToo in the manosphere},
  author={Dickel, Valerie and Evolvi, Giulia},
  journal={Feminist Media Studies},
  volume={23},
  number={4},
  pages={1392--1408},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis}
}

@article{ramsey2007thinking,
  title={Thinking of others: Feminist identification and the perception of others’ beliefs},
  author={Ramsey, Laura R and Haines, Megan E and Hurt, Molly M and Nelson, Jaclyn A and Turner, Dixie L and Liss, Miriam and Erchull, Mindy J},
  journal={Sex Roles},
  volume={56},
  pages={611--616},
  year={2007},
  publisher={Springer}
}

@inproceedings{BasileNissim2013WASSA,
   title     = {Sentiment analysis on Italian tweets},
   author    = {Basile, Valerio and Nissim, Malvina},
   booktitle = {Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Computational Approaches to Subjectivity, Sentiment and Social Media Analysis},
   address   = {Atlanta},
   pages     = {100--107},
   year      = {2013}
}

@book{jurafsky2023speech,
  title={Speech and Language Processing},
  author={Jurafsky, Daniel and Martin, James H.},
  year={2023},
  edition={3rd},
  publisher={Pearson},
  note={Pre-publication draft available at \url{https://web.stanford.edu/~jurafsky/slp3/}}
}
@book{nagle-2017-kill-normies,
title = "{K}ill {a}ll {n}ormies: {O}nline culture wars from 4chan and {T}umblr to {T}rump and the alt-right.",
    author = "Nagle, Angela",
    month = jul,
    year = "2017",
    address = "Winchester, Hampshire, UK",
    publisher = "Zero Books",
    doi = "10.5817/PC2018-3-270",
}

@misc{Livstil,
	doi = {10.23695/3W4V-7H66},
	url = {https://spraakbanken.gu.se/resurser/flashback-livsstil},
	author = {{Språkbanken Text}},
	keywords = {Language Technology (Computational Linguistics)},
	language = {sv},
	title = {Flashback: Livsstil},
	publisher = {Språkbanken Text},
	year = {2024}
}

  @InProceedings{PolignanoEtAlCLIC2019,
    author    = {Marco Polignano and Pierpaolo Basile and Marco de Gemmis and Giovanni Semeraro and Valerio Basile},
    title     = {{AlBERTo: Italian BERT Language Understanding Model for NLP Challenging Tasks Based on Tweets}},
    booktitle = {Proceedings of the Sixth Italian Conference on Computational Linguistics (CLiC-it 2019)},
    year      = {2019},
    publisher = {CEUR},
    journal={CEUR Workshop Proceedings},
    volume={2481},
    url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85074851349&partnerID=40&md5=7abed946e06f76b3825ae5e294ffac14},
    document_type={Conference Paper},
    source={Scopus}
  }
@techreport{Stenavi2020,
   author = {Märta Stenavi and Karin Bengston},
   institution = {Totalförsvarets forskningsinstitut (FOI)},
   month = {3},
   title = {Kvinnohat och våldshyllningar i digitala incelmiljöer},
   url = {https://www.foi.se/nyheter-och-press/nyheter/2020-03-04-kvinnohat-och-valdshyllningar-i-digitala-incelmiljoer.html},
   year = {2020},
}

@article{suarez2022toxic,
  title={Toxic social media: Affective polarization after feminist protests},
  author={Su{\'a}rez Estrada, Marcela and Juarez, Yulissa and Pi{\~n}a-Garc{\'\i}a, CA},
  journal={Social Media+ Society},
  volume={8},
  number={2},
  pages={20563051221098343},
  year={2022},
  publisher={SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England}
}

@misc{loshchilov2019decoupledweightdecayregularization,
      title={Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization}, 
      author={Ilya Loshchilov and Frank Hutter},
      year={2019},
      eprint={1711.05101},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.LG},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/1711.05101}, 
}