LLM Tropes: Revealing Fine-Grained Values and Opinions in Large Language Models
Dustin Wright, Arnav Arora, Nadav Borenstein, Srishti Yadav, Serge Belongie, Isabelle Augenstein
Abstract
Uncovering latent values and opinions embedded in large language models (LLMs) can help identify biases and mitigate potential harm. Recently, this has been approached by prompting LLMs with survey questions and quantifying the stances in the outputs towards morally and politically charged statements. However, the stances generated by LLMs can vary greatly depending on how they are prompted, and there are many ways to argue for or against a given position. In this work, we propose to address this by analysing a large and robust dataset of 156k LLM responses to the 62 propositions of the Political Compass Test (PCT) generated by 6 LLMs using 420 prompt variations. We perform coarse-grained analysis of their generated stances and fine-grained analysis of the plain text justifications for those stances. For fine-grained analysis, we propose to identify tropes in the responses: semantically similar phrases that are recurrent and consistent across different prompts, revealing natural patterns in the text that a given LLM is prone to produce. We find that demographic features added to prompts significantly affect outcomes on the PCT, reflecting bias, as well as disparities between the results of tests when eliciting closed-form vs. open domain responses. Additionally, patterns in the plain text rationales via tropes show that similar justifications are repeatedly generated across models and prompts even with disparate stances.- Anthology ID:
- 2024.findings-emnlp.995
- Volume:
- Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024
- Month:
- November
- Year:
- 2024
- Address:
- Miami, Florida, USA
- Editors:
- Yaser Al-Onaizan, Mohit Bansal, Yun-Nung Chen
- Venue:
- Findings
- SIG:
- Publisher:
- Association for Computational Linguistics
- Note:
- Pages:
- 17085–17112
- Language:
- URL:
- https://preview.aclanthology.org/build-pipeline-with-new-library/2024.findings-emnlp.995/
- DOI:
- 10.18653/v1/2024.findings-emnlp.995
- Cite (ACL):
- Dustin Wright, Arnav Arora, Nadav Borenstein, Srishti Yadav, Serge Belongie, and Isabelle Augenstein. 2024. LLM Tropes: Revealing Fine-Grained Values and Opinions in Large Language Models. In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024, pages 17085–17112, Miami, Florida, USA. Association for Computational Linguistics.
- Cite (Informal):
- LLM Tropes: Revealing Fine-Grained Values and Opinions in Large Language Models (Wright et al., Findings 2024)
- PDF:
- https://preview.aclanthology.org/build-pipeline-with-new-library/2024.findings-emnlp.995.pdf