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    title = "{S}em{E}val-2026 Task 5: Rating Plausibility of Word Senses in Ambiguous Stories through Narrative Understanding",
    author = "Gehring, Janosch and Meyer, Selina and Roth, Michael",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 20th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation",
    month = jul,
    year = "2026",
    address = "San Diego, California",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics"
}

@inproceedings{gehring2025ambistory,
    title = "{A}mbi{S}tory: A Challenging Dataset of Lexically Ambiguous Short Stories",
    author = "Gehring, Janosch  and
      Roth, Michael",
    editor = "Frermann, Lea  and
      Stevenson, Mark",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 14th Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (*SEM 2025)",
    month = nov,
    year = "2025",
    address = "Suzhou, China",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2025.starsem-1.12/",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2025.starsem-1.12",
    pages = "152--171",
    ISBN = "979-8-89176-340-1",
}

@inproceedings{li2025llmjudge,
  title     = {From Generation to Judgment: Opportunities and Challenges of {LLM}-as-a-judge},
  author    = {Li, Dawei and Jiang, Bohan and Huang, Liangjie and Beigi, Alimohammad and Zhao, Chengshuai and Tan, Zhen and Bhattacharjee, Amrita and Jiang, Yuxuan and Chen, Canyu and Wu, Tianhao and Shu, Kai and Cheng, Lu and Liu, Huan},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  year      = {2025},
  address   = {Suzhou, China},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {2757--2791},
  doi       = {10.18653/v1/2025.emnlp-main.138},
  url       = {https://aclanthology.org/2025.emnlp-main.138/}
}

@inproceedings{lu2024ahp,
  title     = {AHP-Powered {LLM} Reasoning for Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Open-Ended Responses},
  author    = {Lu, Xiaotian and Li, Jiyi and Takeuchi, Koh and Kashima, Hisashi},
  booktitle = {Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024},
  year      = {2024},
  address   = {Miami, Florida, USA},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  url       = {https://aclanthology.org/2024.findings-emnlp.101.pdf}
}

@inproceedings{zhou2024fairer,
  title     = {Fairer Preferences Elicit Improved Human-Aligned Large Language Model Judgments},
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  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  year      = {2024},
  address   = {Miami, Florida, USA},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  pages     = {1241--1252},
  doi       = {10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.72},
  url       = {https://aclanthology.org/2024.emnlp-main.72/}
}

@article{loureiro2022bert,
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  volume  = {48},
  number  = {1},
  pages   = {69--97},
  year    = {2022},
  publisher = {MIT Press},
  doi     = {10.1162/coli\_a\_00425}
}

@article{miller1995wordnet,
  author = {Miller, George A.},
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@inproceedings{bevilacqua2021recent,
  author    = {Michele Bevilacqua and Tommaso Pasini and Alessandro Raganato and Roberto Navigli},
  title     = {Recent Trends in Word Sense Disambiguation: A Survey},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2021)},
  year      = {2021},
  pages     = {4330--4338},
  publisher = {International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization},
  doi       = {10.24963/ijcai.2021/593}
}

@article{loureiro2021analysis,
  author    = {Daniel Loureiro and Kiamehr Rezaee and Mohammad Taher Pilehvar and Jos{\'e} Camacho-Collados},
  title     = {Analysis and Evaluation of Language Models for Word Sense Disambiguation},
  journal   = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2008.11608},
  year      = {2021},
  doi       = {10.48550/arXiv.2008.11608}
}

@article{mostafazadeh2016story_cloze,
  author    = {Nasrin Mostafazadeh and Nathanael Chambers and Xiaodong He and Devi Parikh and Dhruv Batra and Lucy Vanderwende and Pushmeet Kohli and James Allen},
  title     = {A Corpus and Evaluation Framework for Deeper Understanding of Commonsense Stories},
  journal   = {arXiv preprint arXiv:1604.01696},
  year      = {2016},
  doi       = {10.48550/arXiv.1604.01696}
}

@article{wei2022chain_of_thought,
  author    = {Jason Wei and Xuezhi Wang and Dale Schuurmans and Maarten Bosma and Brian Ichter and Fei Xia and Ed Chi and Quoc Le and Denny Zhou},
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  journal   = {arXiv preprint arXiv:2201.11903},
  year      = {2022},
  doi       = {10.48550/arXiv.2201.11903}
}

@article{wang2023self_consistency,
  title={Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Models},
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  journal={ArXiv},
  year={2022},
  volume={abs/2203.11171},
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:247595263}
}

@inproceedings{mostafazadeh-etal-2016-corpus,
    title = "A Corpus and Cloze Evaluation for Deeper Understanding of Commonsense Stories",
    author = "Mostafazadeh, Nasrin  and
      Chambers, Nathanael  and
      He, Xiaodong  and
      Parikh, Devi  and
      Batra, Dhruv  and
      Vanderwende, Lucy  and
      Kohli, Pushmeet  and
      Allen, James",
    editor = "Knight, Kevin  and
      Nenkova, Ani  and
      Rambow, Owen",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North {A}merican Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies",
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    year = "2016",
    address = "San Diego, California",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/N16-1098/",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/N16-1098",
    pages = "839--849"
}

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  author = {Hadiwinoto, Christian and Ng, Hwee Tou and Gan, Wee Chung},
  title = {Improved Word Sense Disambiguation Using Pre-Trained Contextualized Word Representations},
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  year = {2019},
  pages = {5297--5306},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

@inproceedings{erk2009graded,
  author    = {Katrin Erk and Diana McCarthy},
  title     = {Graded Word Sense Assignment},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2009 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  year      = {2009},
  address   = {Singapore},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

@inproceedings{jurgens2012graded,
  author    = {David Jurgens},
  title     = {An Evaluation of Graded Sense Disambiguation using Word Sense Induction},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the First Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics ({*SEM} 2012): Volume 1: Proceedings of the Main Conference and the Shared Task, and Volume 2: Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation ({SemEval}-2012)},
  year      = {2012},
  address   = {Montr{\'e}al, Canada},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics}
}

@article{pavlick2019inherent,
  author  = {Ellie Pavlick and Tom Kwiatkowski},
  title   = {Inherent Disagreements in Human Textual Inferences},
  journal = {Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics},
  volume  = {7},
  pages   = {677--694},
  year    = {2019},
  doi     = {10.1162/tacl_a_00293}
}

@inproceedings{sumanathilaka2024gptwsd,
  author    = {Deshan Sumanathilaka and Nicholas Micallef and Julian Hough},
  title     = {Assessing {GPT}'s Potential for Word Sense Disambiguation: A Quantitative Evaluation on Prompt Engineering Techniques},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2024 {IEEE} 15th Control and System Graduate Research Colloquium ({ICSGRC})},
  year      = {2024},
  publisher = {IEEE},
  doi       = {10.1109/ICSGRC62081.2024.10691283}
}

@inproceedings{meconi2025llmwsd,
  author    = {Domenico Meconi and Simone Stirpe and Federico Martelli and Leonardo Lavalle and Roberto Navigli},
  title     = {Do Large Language Models Understand Word Senses?},
  booktitle = {Proceedings of the 2025 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing},
  year      = {2025},
  publisher = {Association for Computational Linguistics},
  note      = {To appear}
}

@article{Navigli2009Wordnet,
author = {Navigli, Roberto},
title = {Word sense disambiguation: A survey},
year = {2009},
issue_date = {February 2009},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
volume = {41},
number = {2},
issn = {0360-0300},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/1459352.1459355},
doi = {10.1145/1459352.1459355},
abstract = {Word sense disambiguation (WSD) is the ability to identify the meaning of words in context in a computational manner. WSD is considered an AI-complete problem, that is, a task whose solution is at least as hard as the most difficult problems in artificial intelligence. We introduce the reader to the motivations for solving the ambiguity of words and provide a description of the task. We overview supervised, unsupervised, and knowledge-based approaches. The assessment of WSD systems is discussed in the context of the Senseval/Semeval campaigns, aiming at the objective evaluation of systems participating in several different disambiguation tasks. Finally, applications, open problems, and future directions are discussed.},
journal = {ACM Comput. Surv.},
month = feb,
articleno = {10},
numpages = {69},
keywords = {WSD, Word sense disambiguation, lexical ambiguity, lexical semantics, semantic annotation, sense annotation, word sense discrimination}
}