% Use this file for citations not found in the ACL Anthology (contained in "anthology.bib").

%%% ====================================================================
%%%  BibTeX-file{
%%%     author          = "David Rhead",
%%%     version         = "1.00",
%%%     date            = "17 Feb 1990",
%%%     time            = "17:00 GMT",
%%%     filename        = "test.bib",
%%%     address         = "Cripps Computing Centre,
%%%                        University of Nottingham,
%%%                        University Park,
%%%                        Nottingham,
%%%                        NG7 2RD,
%%%                        United Kingdom",
%%%     telephone       = "+44 602 484848 Ext 2670",
%%%     FAX             = "+44 602 588138",
%%%     checksum        = "05151 839 2908 25082",
%%%     email           = "David_Rhead at uk.ac.nott.vme (JANET)",
%%%     codetable       = "ISO/ASCII",
%%%     keywords        = "bibliography, citation, references",
%%%     supported       = "no",
%%%     docstring       = "This BibTeX database file contains entries
%%%                        designed for testing whether a BibTeX style
%%%                        file lays references out as recommended by
%%%                        certain authorities.  (Note, however, that
%%%                        the BS 1629 examples are from the 1976
%%%                        edition.  The file needs updating to use
%%%                        examples from the 1989 edition instead.)
%%%
%%%                        The checksum field above contains a CRC-16
%%%                        checksum as the first value, followed by the
%%%                        equivalent of the standard UNIX wc (word
%%%                        count) utility output of lines, words, and
%%%                        characters.  This is produced by Robert
%%%                        Solovay's checksum utility.",
%%%  }
%%% ====================================================================
%% @COMMENT{Some other standard works describing conventions for citations
%%      and bibliographies}

@article{hughes2021krippendorffsalpha,
  title={krippendorffsalpha: {An R package for measuring agreement using Krippendorff's alpha coefficient}},
  author={Hughes, John},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.12170},
  year={2021},
  url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.12170}
}
@article{li2017scoping,
  title={A scoping review of comparisons between abstracts and full reports in primary biomedical research},
  author={Li, Guowei and Abbade, Luciana PF and Nwosu, Ikunna and Jin, Yanling and Leenus, Alvin and Maaz, Muhammad and Wang, Mei and Bhatt, Meha and Zielinski, Laura and Sanger, Nitika and others},
  journal={BMC medical research methodology},
  volume={17},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2017},
  publisher={Springer},
  doi={https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-017-0459-5}
}
@article{menke2020rigor,
  title={The rigor and transparency index quality metric for assessing biological and medical science methods},
  author={Menke, Joe and Roelandse, Martijn and Ozyurt, Burak and Martone, Maryann and Bandrowski, Anita},
  journal={Iscience},
  volume={23},
  number={11},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  doi={https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2020.101698}
}
@inproceedings{pu2024intervention,
  title={Intervention extraction in preclinical animal studies of {Alzheimer’s Disease}: Enhancing regex performance with language model-based filtering},
  author={Pu, Yiyuan and Hair, Kaitlyn and Beck, Daniel and Conway, Mike and Macleod, Malcolm and Verspoor, Karin},
  booktitle={23rd Meeting of the ACL Special Interest Group on Biomedical Natural Language Processing, BioNLP 2024},
  pages={486--492},
  year={2024},
  organization={Association for Computational Linguistics (ACL)},
  url = "https://aclanthology.org/2024.bionlp-1.39/",
  doi = "10.18653/v1/2024.bionlp-1.39"
}

@article{zeiss2019menagerie,
  title={Menagerie: A text-mining tool to support animal-human translation in neurodegeneration research},
  author={Zeiss, Caroline J and Shin, Dongwook and Vander Wyk, Brent and Beck, Amanda P and Zatz, Natalie and Sneiderman, Charles A and Kilicoglu, Halil},
  journal={PloS one},
  volume={14},
  number={12},
  pages={e0226176},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Public Library of Science San Francisco, CA USA},
  doi = "10.1371/journal.pone.0226176"
}
@article{wang2022pico,
  title={{PICO} entity extraction for preclinical animal literature},
  author={Wang, Qianying and Liao, Jing and Lapata, Mirella and Macleod, Malcolm},
  journal={Systematic Reviews},
  volume={11},
  number={1},
  pages={209},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Springer},
  doi={https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-022-02074-4}
}

@article{wang2022risk,
  title={Risk of bias assessment in preclinical literature using natural language processing},
  author={Wang, Qianying and Liao, Jing and Lapata, Mirella and Macleod, Malcolm},
  journal={Research synthesis methods},
  volume={13},
  number={3},
  pages={368--380},
  year={2022},
  publisher={Wiley Online Library},
  doi="10.1002/jrsm.1533"
}

@article{bannach2019machine,
  title={Machine learning algorithms for systematic review: reducing workload in a preclinical review of animal studies and reducing human screening error},
  author={Bannach-Brown, Alexandra and Przyby{\l}a, Piotr and Thomas, James and Rice, Andrew SC and Ananiadou, Sophia and Liao, Jing and Macleod, Malcolm Robert},
  journal={Systematic reviews},
  volume={8},
  pages={1--12},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Springer},
  doi={https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-019-0942-7}
}
@article{neves2023automatic,
  title={Automatic classification of experimental models in biomedical literature to support searching for alternative methods to animal experiments},
  author={Neves, Mariana and Klippert, Antonina and Kn{\"o}spel, Fanny and Rudeck, Juliane and Stolz, Ailine and Ban, Zsofia and Becker, Markus and Diederich, Kai and Grune, Barbara and Kahnau, Pia and others},
  journal={Journal of Biomedical Semantics},
  volume={14},
  number={1},
  pages={13},
  year={2023},
  publisher={Springer},
  doi={https://doi.org/10.1186/s13326-023-00292-w}
}

@article{Li2016,
   author = {Jiao Li and Yueping Sun and Robin J. Johnson and Daniela Sciaky and Chih Hsuan Wei and Robert Leaman and Allan Peter Davis and Carolyn J. Mattingly and Thomas C. Wiegers and Zhiyong Lu},
   issn = {17580463},
   journal = {Database: The Journal of Biological Databases and Curation},
   pages = {68},
   pmid = {27161011},
   publisher = {Oxford University Press},
   title = {{BioCreative V CDR} task corpus: a resource for chemical disease relation extraction},
   volume = {2016},
   year = {2016},
   doi = {10.1093/database/baw068}
}

@article{Krallinger2015,
   author = {Martin Krallinger and Obdulia Rabal and Florian Leitner and Miguel Vazquez and David Salgado and Zhiyong Lu and Robert Leaman and Yanan Lu and Donghong Ji and Daniel M. Lowe and et al},
   issn = {17582946},
   issue = {1},
   journal = {Journal of Cheminformatics},
   keywords = {Computational Biology/Bioinformatics,Computer Applications in Chemistry,Documentation and Information in Chemistry,Theoretical and Computational Chemistry},
   month = {1},
   pages = {1-17},
   publisher = {BioMed Central Ltd.},
   title = {The {CHEMDNER} corpus of chemicals and drugs and its annotation principles},
   volume = {7},
   year = {2015},
   doi = {10.1186/1758-2946-7-S1-S2}
}

 @misc{prodigy_montani_honnibal, 
 	title={Prodigy: A modern and scriptable annotation tool for creating training data for machine learning models}, 
 	journal={Prodigy}, 
 	publisher={Explosion}, 
 	author={Montani, Ines and Honnibal, Matthew},
    year = {2017},
    url = {https://prodi.gy/}
 } 

@article{wolf2019huggingface,
  title={Huggingface's transformers: State-of-the-art natural language processing},
  author={Wolf, Thomas and Debut, Lysandre and Sanh, Victor and Chaumond, Julien and Delangue, Clement and Moi, Anthony and Cistac, Pierric and Rault, Tim and Louf, R{\'e}mi and Funtowicz, Morgan and others},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.03771},
  year={2019},
  doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1910.03771}
}
@article{gu2021domain,
  title={Domain-Specific Language Model Pretraining for Biomedical Natural Language Processing},
  author={Gu, Yu and Tinn, Robert and Cheng, Hao and Lucas, Michael and Usuyama, Naoto and Liu, Xiaodong and Naumann, Tristan and Gao, Jianfeng and Poon, Hoifung},
  journal={ACM Transactions on Computing for Healthcare (HEALTH)},
  volume={3},
  number={1},
  pages={1--23},
  year={2021},
  publisher={ACM New York, NY},
  doi = {10.1145/3458754}
}
@inproceedings{yasunaga2022linkbert,
    title = "{L}ink{BERT}: Pretraining Language Models with Document Links",
    author = "Yasunaga, Michihiro  and
      Leskovec, Jure  and
      Liang, Percy",
    editor = "Muresan, Smaranda  and
      Nakov, Preslav  and
      Villavicencio, Aline",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = may,
    year = "2022",
    address = "Dublin, Ireland",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/2022.acl-long.551",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/2022.acl-long.551",
    pages = "8003--8016",
}
@article{zarin2007issues,
  title={Issues in the registration of clinical trials},
  author={Zarin, Deborah A and Ide, Nicholas C and Tse, Tony and Harlan, William R and West, Joyce C and Lindberg, Donald AB},
  journal={Jama},
  volume={297},
  number={19},
  pages={2112--2120},
  year={2007},
  publisher={American Medical Association},
  doi = {10.1001/jama.297.19.2112}
}
@incollection{schwartz2002simple,
  title={A simple algorithm for identifying abbreviation definitions in biomedical text},
  author={Schwartz, Ariel S and Hearst, Marti A},
  booktitle={Biocomputing 2003},
  pages={451--462},
  year={2002},
  publisher={World Scientific}
}
@unpublished{drugnamedentityrecognition,
    AUTHOR = {Thomas A Wood},
    TITLE  = {Drug Named Entity Recognition (Computer software), Version 1.0.1},
    YEAR   = {2023},
    Note   = {To appear},
    url = {https://pypi.org/project/drug-named-entity-recognition/}
}
@article{tasneem2012database,
  title={{The database for aggregate analysis of ClinicalTrials. gov (AACT)} and subsequent regrouping by clinical specialty},
  author={Tasneem, Asba and Aberle, Laura and Ananth, Hari and Chakraborty, Swati and Chiswell, Karen and McCourt, Brian J and Pietrobon, Ricardo},
  journal={PloS one},
  volume={7},
  number={3},
  pages={e33677},
  year={2012},
  publisher={Public Library of Science San Francisco, USA},
  doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0033677}
}
@article{lee2020biobert,
  title={{BioBERT}: a pre-trained biomedical language representation model for biomedical text mining},
  author={Lee, Jinhyuk and Yoon, Wonjin and Kim, Sungdong and Kim, Donghyeon and Kim, Sunkyu and So, Chan Ho and Kang, Jaewoo},
  journal={Bioinformatics},
  volume={36},
  number={4},
  pages={1234--1240},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Oxford University Press},
  doi = {10.1093/bioinformatics/btz682}
}
@article{tse2018avoid,
  title={How to avoid common problems when using {ClinicalTrials.gov} in research: 10 issues to consider},
  author={Tse, Tony and Fain, Kevin M and Zarin, Deborah A},
  journal={Bmj},
  volume={361},
  year={2018},
  publisher={British Medical Journal Publishing Group},
  doi = {10.1136/bmj.k1452}
}

@article{wang2018clinical,
  title={Clinical information extraction applications: a literature review},
  author={Wang, Yanshan and Wang, Liwei and Rastegar-Mojarad, Majid and Moon, Sungrim and Shen, Feichen and Afzal, Naveed and Liu, Sijia and Zeng, Yuqun and Mehrabi, Saeed and Sohn, Sunghwan and others},
  journal={Journal of biomedical informatics},
  volume={77},
  pages={34--49},
  year={2018},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  doi = {10.1016/j.jbi.2017.11.011}
}
@article{li2016biocreative,
  title={{BioCreative V CDR} task corpus: a resource for chemical disease relation extraction},
  author={Li, Jiao and Sun, Yueping and Johnson, Robin J and Sciaky, Daniela and Wei, Chih-Hsuan and Leaman, Robert and Davis, Allan Peter and Mattingly, Carolyn J and Wiegers, Thomas C and Lu, Zhiyong},
  journal={Database},
  volume={2016},
  year={2016},
  publisher={Oxford Academic},
  doi = {10.1093/database/baw068}
}
@article{li2022comparative,
  title={A comparative study of pre-trained language models for named entity recognition in clinical trial eligibility criteria from multiple corpora},
  author={Li, Jianfu and Wei, Qiang and Ghiasvand, Omid and Chen, Miao and Lobanov, Victor and Weng, Chunhua and Xu, Hua},
  journal={BMC medical informatics and decision making},
  volume={22},
  number={3},
  pages={1--10},
  year={2022},
  publisher={BioMed Central},
  doi = {10.1186/s12911-022-01967-7}
}

@inproceedings{chen2020using,
  title={Using Pre-trained Transformer Deep Learning Models to Identify Named Entities and Syntactic Relations for Clinical Protocol Analysis.},
  author={Chen, Miao and Du, Fang and Lan, Ganhui and Lobanov, Victor S},
  booktitle={AAAI Spring Symposium: Combining Machine Learning with Knowledge Engineering (1)},
  pages={1--8},
  year={2020},
  url={https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:218623194} 
}
@inproceedings{brown2020language,
 author = {Brown, Tom and Mann, Benjamin and Ryder, Nick and Subbiah, Melanie and Kaplan, Jared D and Dhariwal, Prafulla and Neelakantan, Arvind and Shyam, Pranav and Sastry, Girish and Askell, Amanda and Agarwal, Sandhini and Herbert-Voss, Ariel and Krueger, Gretchen and Henighan, Tom and Child, Rewon and Ramesh, Aditya and Ziegler, Daniel and Wu, Jeffrey and Winter, Clemens and Hesse, Chris and Chen, Mark and Sigler, Eric and Litwin, Mateusz and Gray, Scott and Chess, Benjamin and Clark, Jack and Berner, Christopher and McCandlish, Sam and Radford, Alec and Sutskever, Ilya and Amodei, Dario},
 booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems},
 editor = {H. Larochelle and M. Ranzato and R. Hadsell and M.F. Balcan and H. Lin},
 pages = {1877--1901},
 publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc.},
 title = {Language Models are Few-Shot Learners},
 url = {https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2020/file/1457c0d6bfcb4967418bfb8ac142f64a-Paper.pdf},
 volume = {33},
 year = {2020}
}

@article{cohen1960coefficient,
  title={A coefficient of agreement for nominal scales},
  author={Cohen, Jacob},
  journal={Educational and psychological measurement},
  volume={20},
  number={1},
  pages={37--46},
  year={1960},
  publisher={Sage Publications Sage CA: Thousand Oaks, CA},
  doi = {10.1177/001316446002000104}
}

@article{marshall2020trialstreamer,
  title={Trialstreamer: A living, automatically updated database of clinical trial reports},
  author={Marshall, Iain J and Nye, Benjamin and Kuiper, Jo{\"e}l and Noel-Storr, Anna and Marshall, Rachel and Maclean, Rory and Soboczenski, Frank and Nenkova, Ani and Thomas, James and Wallace, Byron C},
  journal={Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association},
  volume={27},
  number={12},
  pages={1903--1912},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Oxford University Press},
  doi = {10.1093/jamia/ocaa163}
}

@inproceedings{nye2018corpus,
    title = "A Corpus with Multi-Level Annotations of Patients, Interventions and Outcomes to Support Language Processing for Medical Literature",
    author = "Nye, Benjamin  and
      Li, Junyi Jessy  and
      Patel, Roma  and
      Yang, Yinfei  and
      Marshall, Iain  and
      Nenkova, Ani  and
      Wallace, Byron",
    editor = "Gurevych, Iryna  and
      Miyao, Yusuke",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the 56th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers)",
    month = jul,
    year = "2018",
    address = "Melbourne, Australia",
    publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/P18-1019",
    doi = "10.18653/v1/P18-1019",
    pages = "197--207"
}
@article{kury2020chia,
  title={{Chia}, a large annotated corpus of clinical trial eligibility criteria},
  author={Kury, Fabr{\'\i}cio and Butler, Alex and Yuan, Chi and Fu, Li-heng and Sun, Yingcheng and Liu, Hao and Sim, Ida and Carini, Simona and Weng, Chunhua},
  journal={Scientific data},
  volume={7},
  number={1},
  pages={281},
  year={2020},
  publisher={Nature Publishing Group UK London},
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-020-00620-0"
}

@article{campillos2021clinical,
  title={A clinical trials corpus annotated with UMLS entities to enhance the access to evidence-based medicine},
  author={Campillos-Llanos, Leonardo and Valverde-Mateos, Ana and Capllonch-Carri{\'o}n, Adri{\'a}n and Moreno-Sandoval, Antonio},
  journal={BMC medical informatics and decision making},
  volume={21},
  pages={1--19},
  year={2021},
  publisher={Springer},
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01395-z"
}


@article{kang2017eliie,
  title={EliIE: An open-source information extraction system for clinical trial eligibility criteria},
  author={Kang, Tian and Zhang, Shaodian and Tang, Youlan and Hruby, Gregory W and Rusanov, Alexander and Elhadad, No{\'e}mie and Weng, Chunhua},
  journal={Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association},
  volume={24},
  number={6},
  pages={1062--1071},
  year={2017},
  publisher={Oxford University Press},
  doi = "10.1093/jamia/ocx019"
}


@inproceedings{deleger2012building,
  title={Building gold standard corpora for medical natural language processing tasks},
  author={Deleger, Louise and Li, Qi and Lingren, Todd and Kaiser, Megan and Molnar, Katalin and Stoutenborough, Laura and Kouril, Michal and Marsolo, Keith and Solti, Imre and others},
  booktitle={AMIA Annual Symposium Proceedings},
  volume={2012},
  pages={144},
  year={2012},
  organization={American Medical Informatics Association},
  url = "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3540456/"
}


@article{steinmetz2024global,
  title={Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990--2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021},
  author={Steinmetz, Jaimie D and Seeher, Katrin Maria and Schiess, Nicoline and Nichols, Emma and Cao, Bochen and Servili, Chiara and Cavallera, Vanessa and Cousin, Ewerton and Hagins, Hailey and Moberg, Madeline E and others},
  journal={The Lancet Neurology},
  volume={23},
  number={4},
  pages={344--381},
  year={2024},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  doi = "https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(24)00038-3"
}


@article{KOTTOW1980209,
title = {A medical definition of disease},
journal = {Medical Hypotheses},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {209-213},
year = {1980},
issn = {0306-9877},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-9877(80)90085-7},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0306987780900857},
author = {Michael H. Kottow},
keywords = {Bioethics, disease, health, medical anthropology, medical ethics, medical sociology},
abstract = {Definitions of health and disease have been greatly influenced by sociocultural viewpoints. Medical definitions of the disease state are lacking or insufficient. An attempt is presented to separate core or primal, from conditioned disease. Core disease is defined as a verifiable, self-conscious sensation of dysfunction and/or distress that is felt to be limitless, menacing and aid-requiring. In contrast, conditioned diseases are states labeled as diseases by virture of consensus on prevalent sociocultural and medical values.}
}
@inproceedings{calvo2003diagnoses,
  title={Diagnoses, syndromes, and diseases: a knowledge representation problem},
  author={Calvo, Franz and Karras, Bryant T and Phillips, Richard and Kimball, Ann Marie and Wolf, Fred},
  booktitle={AMIA annual symposium proceedings},
  volume={2003},
  pages={802},
  year={2003},
  organization={American Medical Informatics Association},
  url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1480257/}
}

@inproceedings{huang2006evaluation,
  title={Evaluation of {PICO} as a knowledge representation for clinical questions},
  author={Huang, Xiaoli and Lin, Jimmy and Demner-Fushman, Dina},
  booktitle={AMIA annual symposium proceedings},
  volume={2006},
  pages={359},
  year={2006},
  organization={American Medical Informatics Association},
  url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1839740/}
}
@inproceedings{sang2000introduction,
    title = "Introduction to the {C}o{NLL}-2000 Shared Task Chunking",
    author = "Tjong Kim Sang, Erik F.  and
      Buchholz, Sabine",
    booktitle = "Fourth Conference on Computational Natural Language Learning and the Second Learning Language in Logic Workshop",
    year = "2000",
    url = "https://aclanthology.org/W00-0726",
}

@article{devlin2018bert,
  title={{BERT}: Pre-training of deep bidirectional transformers for language understanding},
  author={Devlin, Jacob and Chang, Ming-Wei and Lee, Kenton and Toutanova, Kristina},
  journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1810.04805},
  year={2018},
  doi= {10.18653/V1/N19-1423}
}
@misc{seqeval,
  title={{seqeval}: A Python framework for sequence labeling evaluation},
  url={https://github.com/chakki-works/seqeval},
  author={Hiroki Nakayama},
  year={2018},
}

@article{finkbeiner2010bridging,
  title={Bridging the valley of death of therapeutics for neurodegeneration},
  author={Finkbeiner, Steven},
  journal={Nature medicine},
  volume={16},
  number={11},
  pages={1227--1232},
  year={2010},
  publisher={Nature Publishing Group US New York},
  doi = {10.1038/nm.2222}
}
@article{harrer2019artificial,
  title={Artificial intelligence for clinical trial design},
  author={Harrer, Stefan and Shah, Pratik and Antony, Bhavna and Hu, Jianying},
  journal={Trends in pharmacological sciences},
  volume={40},
  number={8},
  pages={577--591},
  year={2019},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  doi = {10.1016/j.tips.2019.05.005}
}

@article{laine2007clinical,
  title={Clinical trial registration: looking back and moving ahead},
  author={Laine, Christine and Horton, Richard and DeAngelis, Catherine D and Drazen, Jeffrey M and Frizelle, Frank A and Godlee, Fiona and Haug, Charlotte and H{\'e}bert, Paul C and Kotzin, Sheldon and Marusic, Ana and others},
  journal={The Lancet},
  volume={369},
  number={9577},
  pages={1909--1911},
  year={2007},
  publisher={Elsevier},
  doi = {10.1056/NEJMe078110 }
}
@misc{tsafnat2013automation,
  title={The automation of systematic reviews},
  author={Tsafnat, Guy and Dunn, Adam and Glasziou, Paul and Coiera, Enrico},
  journal={Bmj},
  volume={346},
  year={2013},
  publisher={British Medical Journal Publishing Group},
  doi = {10.1136/bmj.f139}
}
@article{fb1963medical,
  title={Medical subject headings.},
  author={Frank B Rogers},
  journal={Bulletin of the Medical Library Association},
  volume={51},
  pages={114--116},
  year={1963},
  url = {https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC35238/}
}
@article{davis2013ctd,
  title={A {CTD--Pfizer} collaboration: manual curation of 88 000 scientific articles text mined for drug--disease and drug--phenotype interactions},
  author={Davis, Allan Peter and Wiegers, Thomas C and Roberts, Phoebe M and King, Benjamin L and Lay, Jean M and Lennon-Hopkins, Kelley and Sciaky, Daniela and Johnson, Robin and Keating, Heather and Greene, Nigel and others},
  journal={Database},
  volume={2013},
  pages={bat080},
  year={2013},
  publisher={Oxford University Press},
  doi = {10.1093/database/bat080}
}

@article{wilson1927probable,
  title={Probable inference, the law of succession, and statistical inference},
  author={Wilson, Edwin B},
  journal={Journal of the American Statistical Association},
  volume={22},
  number={158},
  pages={209--212},
  year={1927},
  publisher={Taylor \& Francis},
  doi = {10.2307/2276774}
}

@article{cummings2014alzheimer,
  title={Alzheimer’s disease drug-development pipeline: few candidates, frequent failures},
  author={Cummings, Jeffrey L and Morstorf, Travis and Zhong, Kate},
  journal={Alzheimer's research \& therapy},
  volume={6},
  number={4},
  pages={1--7},
  year={2014},
  publisher={BioMed Central},
  doi = {10.1186/alzrt269}
}
@article{sutton2009evidence,
  title={Evidence synthesis as the key to more coherent and efficient research},
  author={Sutton, Alexander J and Cooper, Nicola J and Jones, David R},
  journal={BMC medical research methodology},
  volume={9},
  number={1},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2009},
  publisher={BioMed Central},
  doi = {10.1186/1471-2288-9-29}
}

@article{zarin2019ten,
  title={Ten-Year Update on {ClinicalTrials. gov Results Database}},
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