unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A Republican strategy to counter the re-election of Obama
neutral	their policy	Republican leaders justified their policy by the need to combat electoral fraud.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, the Brennan Centre considers this a myth, stating that electoral fraud is rarer in the United States than the number of people killed by lightning.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Indeed, Republican lawyers identified only 300 cases of electoral fraud in the United States in a decade.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	One thing is certain: these new provisions will have a negative impact on voter turn-out.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In this sense, the measures will partially undermine the American democratic system.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Unlike in Canada, the American States are responsible for the organisation of federal elections in the United States.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is in this spirit that a majority of American governments have passed new laws since 2009 making the registration or voting process more difficult.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This phenomenon gained momentum following the November 2010 elections, which saw 675 new Republican representatives added in 26 States.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As a result, 180 bills restricting the exercise of the right to vote in 41 States were introduced in 2011 alone.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The new election laws require voters to show a photo ID card and proof of US citizenship.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Furthermore, these laws also reduce early voting periods, invalidate the right to register as a voter on election day and withdraw the right to vote of citizens with a criminal record.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Before the 2006 elections, no US State required voters to show a photo ID card.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Indiana was the first State to impose such a requirement.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In 2008, the Supreme Court of the United States upheld the constitutionality of the Indiana law.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Republican authorities were quick to extend this practice to other States.
neutral	bills	Over the past two years, they sponsored bills in 34 States to force voters to show a photo ID card.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is important to note that, unlike Quebec, American citizens do not have a universal ID card such as the health insurance card.
neutral	their State	In fact, 11% of American citizens, i.e. 21 million people of voting age, do not possess a photo ID card issued by a government agency of their State.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In addition, five million new voters in 2012 do not have such identification.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And it often costs over a hundred dollars to obtain the required identity card.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The new restrictions disproportionately affect young people, minorities and people with low incomes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In fact, 25% of African Americans, 15% of those earning less than $35,000; 18% of citizens over 65 and 20% of voters 18 to 29 years old do not have the required photo ID card.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And that's not all.
neutral	Students	Students, voters considered to be voting more for Democratic candidates, are not allowed in several States to use the photo ID card issued by their institution.
neutral	the cards	On the other hand, these same States allow fishing or hunting club members, who vote more Republican, to use the cards issued by these clubs when they vote.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Prior to 2004, no State required proof of citizenship to vote.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Arizona was the first to introduce such a requirement.
neutral	voters	Since 2011, a dozen States have adopted laws requiring voters to prove they are American citizens.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These measures are clearly intended to limit the Hispanic vote.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, it appears that two out of three Hispanic voters favour the Democratic party.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What is more, in 2011 Republican legislators sponsored laws abolishing the registration of voters on election day in eight States.
neutral	voters	In addition, they limited the right of individuals and groups to provide assistance to voters wishing to register.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These restrictions are not without consequence.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For example, during the 2004 general election, voter registration campaigns contributed to registering around 10 million citizens.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, the measures adopted since 2009 have led to a 17% drop in the registration rate of new voters in 2010 compared to 2006.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In addition, Republican legislators have enacted laws in five other States aimed at reducing the early voting period.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For example, during the 2008 general election in Florida, 33% of early voters were African-Americans, who accounted however for only 13% of voters in the State.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The same applied to Hispanics.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These represented only 11% of voters, but 24% of citizens who voted early.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On the other hand, 76% of voters were white but these represented only 46% of early voters.
neutral	Democratic legislators	Of course, Democratic legislators and their supporters vigorously opposed the adoption of laws restricting voter registration.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Several bills were blocked by vetoes of Democratic governors.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The United States Attorney General intervened to suspend the most controversial laws.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They were able to partially limit the damage.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For example, only 16 out of 34 States have adopted laws requiring the presentation of a photo ID card.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, the new rules put in place will undoubtedly make it more difficult to exercise the right to vote in 2012.
neutral	critics	Democratic critics denounce the partisan character of the laws that have been passed and they see a clear objective of influencing the 2012 results in key States.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A 2011 Brennan Centre report shows that the States that have adopted these laws represent 171 of the 270 votes needed in the electoral college to win the Presidency.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is too early to say with certainty that these legislative changes in the electoral system will have significant impacts on the outcome of the 2012 presidential elections.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But one thing is certain: these new provisions will have a negative impact on the turn-out.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In this sense, the measures will partially undermine the American democratic system.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Prostate cancer screening: take the test or not?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Indeed, the PSA test sometimes shows erroneous results with false negative or even false positive results, which involve unnecessary medical interventions.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Enough to make already reluctant men hesitate to take screening tests.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Take the test or not?
neutral	two specialists	We asked two specialists for their opinion.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In studies conducted in the United States, there was a lot of contamination between control groups, so it is difficult to interpret the data and make firm recommendations.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Another study, this time a European one, concluded that there was a difference in mortality between patients who were screened and those who were not.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This study also showed, with a follow-up after 12 years, that it is between 30 and 40% more likely for metastases to occur in the absence of screening.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I therefore recommend the test from age 50, or 40 if you have a direct relative who previously had prostate cancer.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	African-American men are also more at risk.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The key is to make the right decision once cancer has been detected.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There are aggressive cancers and others that are indolent.
male	The patient	The patient really needs to be made to understand the degree of risk of his cancer, by offering him the options available, not necessarily treating prostate cancers that are not long-term life threatening, and opting instead, in such cases, for active monitoring of the disease.
neutral	Today	Today, many men in whom cancer has been detected will not be treated because their cancer is not aggressive and is not life threatening.
neutral	the disease	Active monitoring will be suggested, and if the disease progresses, they will be offered treatment.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	More and more, specific criteria are being determined in order to decide who should or should not be treated.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Therefore I recommend taking the test.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But the important thing is to have a discussion with your doctor to determine whether or not to take it.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In collaboration with the Société internationale d'urologie [SIU], Movember has created a tool that makes it possible to evaluate the pros and cons of the PSA test.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You can download the document (in English for the time being, a [French] translation will be available shortly) at this address: http://ca.movember.com/fr/mens-health/prostate-cancer-screening
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Preventing the disease
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Unfortunately, there is no miracle recipe for preventing cancer.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Despite the progress in research, the adoption of healthy living habits remains the best way to reduce the risk of suffering from it.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is estimated that if everyone ate well and exercised enough, 30% of cancers could be prevented.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"If no more people smoked, this rate would increase to at least 50%," says André Beaulieu, spokesman for the Canadian Cancer Society.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On the other hand, it is estimated that roughly 10% of cancers are hereditary.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Some are also completely unexplained.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For the Canadian Cancer Society, the fight against tobacco remains a priority, despite the decrease in the number of smokers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Cigarettes are linked to 85% of lung cancer cases.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is also a risk factor for a number of others.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This massively damages people's health.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Even today, there are 1.5 million smokers in Quebec" deplores spokesperson André Beaulieu.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Encouraging data: 10 years after giving up smoking, the risk of dying from cancer drops by half.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Weight
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Overweight and obesity are also conducive to the onset of the disease, according to the SCC.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They can increase the risks of cancer of the breast, colon and rectum, oesophagus, pancreas and uterus.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Research shows that the regular practice of physical activity throughout your life protects against colon cancer" it is also said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Diet
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The organisation also recommends limiting your consumption of red meat.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In large amounts, it increases the risks of developing colo-rectal cancer.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Likewise, so do cured meat products, and these should be avoided.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The conservation of meat by smoking, drying or curing can cause the formation of carcinogens.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"They can damage cells in the body and lead to the development of cancer" it is explained.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Vitamins
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In recent years, a number of scientists have studied the links between vitamin supplements and cancer.
neutral	research	For the time being however their research is inconclusive.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Studies on vitamin E are contradictory, according to the SCC.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	While one study noted a decrease in the risk of prostate cancer, another noted an increase.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Also the effect of vitamin D on cancer is not clear.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In addition, Mr Beaulieu emphasises the importance of discussing your concerns and family history with your doctor.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Taking a screening test doesn't give you cancer."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Higgs boson revealed
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The announcement of the probable discovery of the Higgs boson created quite a stir last summer, and with good reason.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Indeed, it is believed that this boson is part of the mechanism responsible for the mass of everything in the Universe, no less.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Also it is the last particle whose existence is predicted by the Standard Model - our best or "less worse" explanation of the nature and behaviour of matter - but which has not yet been observed empirically.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But for physicists, it is still not completely sure that it really is the Higgs.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We know without a shadow of a doubt that it is a new authentic particle, and greatly resembles the Higgs boson predicted by the Standard Model.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In addition, new data unveiled this week at a large physics Congress in Kyoto seem to confirm this, but there are still insufficient data to be perfectly sure.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But let's suppose that it really is the Higgs, since the chances of being mistaken seem slim, and see what it is.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In our world, there is a fatally unavoidable law which states that two things cannot meet at the same place at the same time.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There's no way to break this rule - and don't try too hard, you'll go mad.
neutral	two particles	However, even though particle physics is a very strange world, it turns out that it also has a law of the same kind: the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that two particles cannot occupy the same space at the same time if they are in the same "quantum state" - this "state" consisting roughly of certain of their characteristics.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Based on this, physicists classify particles into two categories.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In one corner we have good citizens called fermions, who wisely obey the Pauli principle.
neutral	bosons	While lurking in the other are the bosons, a nasty band of anarchists who respect nothing - at all events, not this principle, which means that they can indeed be found in the same place at the same time.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These bosons are then divided into two groups, according to the Berkeley Labs Particle Adventure site (absolutely extraordinary, by the way): mesons, which we will not discuss here, and "force particles" by which the great forces of nature are propagated and to which the Higgs boson may be somehow related.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These bosons, it must be stressed here, are not all such exotic bugs as you might think.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In fact, if you can read this article, it is thanks to an extraordinarily banal boson: the photon, or the "light particle" which is the "messenger" of the electromagnetic force.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	When, in fact, a particle having an electric charge accelerates or changes direction, this "disturbs" the electromagnetic field in this specific place, rather like a pebble thrown in a pond.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This "disturbance" produces an electromagnetic wave (of light, infrared, ultraviolet etc.), and this wave is nothing other than a photon - and thus one of the "force carrier" bosons.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	More stable field
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The same applies to the Higgs boson, with the difference that it is another field, the Higgs field, which must be "disturbed" for the boson to appear.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Now, this Higgs field is much, much more stable than the electromagnetic field; to excite it, it is necessary to achieve very, very high energy levels, rather like a frozen pond which would need a very large rock to wrinkle the surface.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Which is why a huge particle accelerator like the one at CERN - the Large Hadron Collider is a ring with a 27km circumference! - is needed to achieve such energy levels.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The analogy with the electromagnetic field is again useful for explaining the relationship between the Higgs and mass.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In fact not all particles, or all materials, interact with the electromagnetic field.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Some, such as magnets, do so, but others don't - a piece of paper, for example, will never stick to a fridge.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And likewise, not all particles interact with the Higgs field: those that do so have mass, while the others (such as the photon) do not.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Now, what is it that all this research "can bring"? asks Ms Plamondon.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For science, it serves to check the validity of the Standard Model (SM), and also allows physicians to examine any discrepancies between the observations and predictions of the SM.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A number of people, moreover, fervently hope that some will be found, because the slightest difference could open a door to a "new physics" and plug certain holes in the Model.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This, it must be said, still has huge shortcomings, offering no explanation for gravity (oops!) or dark matter, which forms approximately 80% of the matter in the Universe (re-oops!).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But to date no such discrepancies have been found at CERN.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Repercussions
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The repercussions of this research on the daily life of the man in the street are more difficult to predict, but it would be wrong to assume that there won't be any.
neutral	Bell Laboratories	Remember: in the very early 60s, the pioneers of the laser at Bell Laboratories did not suspect the revolution that would be triggered by their work.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They had an inkling of the scientific applications, but nothing as to the rest.
male	Bell Labs	In fact, the late Willard Boyle - a physicist who worked at Bell Labs, where the laser was invented in 1960, and who himself developed the first continuous laser (the first were pulsed) in 1962 - told us that initially the laser was rather seen as a "lab gadget."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Just imagine...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And then, applications can also come from all the instrumentation that surrounds research.
male	Willard Boyle	For example, the same Willard Boyle developed a small light sensor in 1969, during his work in optics.
male	This sensor	This sensor, although this was not at all the original intention, now serves as an "eye" to all digital cameras worldwide, and earned him the Nobel physics prize in 2009.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This does not of course mean that the activities of the LHC will necessarily transform our lives, but it does mean that, actually, you never know...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Palliative care - The best way to die... | Le Devoir
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	With its Dying with Dignity Commission, Quebec recently discussed the delicate issue of the end of life.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The debate is due to resume shortly as a bill is being prepared.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, in this vital area, much remains to be done.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Le Devoir attempted to look more closely.
male	Mr L.	Just a few weeks ago Mr L. lived alone in his Montérégie apartment.
male	The festering prostate cancer	The festering prostate cancer had allowed him a two-year respite.
male	Beloeil	"They gave me five years to live, I've made it to seven," he says, with mixed emotions, lying in his bed at the Victor-Gadbois palliative care home in Beloeil, where he arrived the previous day.
male	a shock	"But it's still a shock, you can never be prepared for it" he adds.
male	The disease	The disease is doing its work: huge weakness which prevents him going to the toilet alone, and even eating alone.
male	an appetising lunch	Sitting in front of an appetising lunch, he consents to being helped to eat, resigned.
male	the strangers	Courageous, he even manages to smile, talks to the strangers bustling around him, bringing him his medication, offering him a bath.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The courage of ordinary death.
male	diarrhoea	"What I want most is to be cured of my diarrhoea, it's humiliating" he confided.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A few hours later, the team found a cure for this illness.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"During our lives, we learn that a man pisses standing up," says Pierre Brodeur, psychologist at the Victor-Gadbois home.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Regressing to the stage of a child, for some people, is an unacceptable humiliation.
male	the person's ability	"It depends on the person's ability" to accept the regression, he says.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Because, in the opinion of a number of people working in palliative care, great moments occur at the very heart of such regression.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Patients at the Victor-Gadbois palliative care home all suffer from cancer.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They have a maximum life expectancy of three months.
neutral	so-called "curative" care	At this stage, the team of doctors and nurses surrounding them no longer provides so-called "curative" care.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For Mrs A., 89 years old, the worst fear is to die "conscious and suffocating."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But the disease has made me discover my children.
female	fine children	"I have fine children" she adds.
female	a mask	"I don't wish for anything more in life" she says, before accepting having a mask put on to help her breathe.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	She looks forward nevertheless, in the next few days, to a last visit by her son coming from Italy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At Victor-Gadbois, a group of volunteers provides bodily care and help with feeding.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is palliative care, given when there is nothing else that can be done.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	To make death more comfortable.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Quebec, there are palliative care beds for 11,700 inhabitants.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is very few when we know that we will all die one day.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Here, life continues under the best possible conditions, explains Dr Christiane Martel, one of the doctors at the home.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Whether at a physical comfort, emotional or spiritual level.
neutral	A person	A person who is dying will accept being helped to drink brandy or Pepsi, whatever is their tipple.
neutral	Diabetics	Diabetics no longer need to control their blood sugar.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And death is part of everyday life.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Yesterday evening, a beer was served to Mr X, who died during the night.
male	his son	This morning, it is his son who will finish the beer at the feet of the deceased.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"We help relatives as much as patients" says Nathalie Savard, Director of Care.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At the Victor-Gadbois home, one day follows another but no two are alike.
male	his parents	Along with a 93-year-old man who is savouring his last meeting with his family, sitting firmly wedged in his pillows while toasts are drunk in his honour, a 36-year-young man is dying tragically, surrounded by his parents, his wife and his two young children, after having tried everything to survive.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"For six months, there have always been three to five beds which are occupied by cancer patients less than 45 years old" says a concerned Dr Christiane Martel.
neutral	home	53% of patients admitted to the Victor-Gadbois home come from their homes, 47% from hospital.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Lack of access to palliative care
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is said that 77% of Canadians simply have no access to palliative care, which is care designed to ease the pain when a patient has reached the terminal stage of life, be it at home, in hospital or in a care home.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And a number of organisations, such as the Victor-Gadbois home and the Palliative Care Society in Greater Montreal, specialise more or less exclusively in care provided to cancer patients.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is precisely this large gap in Quebec health care which has made a number of palliative care physicians fear the adoption of a law on euthanasia and assisted suicide.
neutral	Dr Balfour Mount	Since October, a manifesto, signed by palliative care luminaries including Dr Balfour Mount and Dr Bernard Lapointe, has been circulating to demonstrate their opposition to such an initiative.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to Dr Christiane Martel, the Quebec health system is not effective enough to ensure that everyone will be entitled to quality palliative care before it is accepted to proceed to euthanasia.
female	pain	Recently, she says, I saw a patient spend 14 days in emergency, in great pain, without anything being done to ease her suffering.
neutral	patients	I'm afraid that patients ask to die because they don't receive adequate care.
neutral	prognoses	And at the same time, some oncologists work relentlessly on their patients until the last day, despite the worst prognoses.
female	Hélène Richard	Hélène Richard's survival hopes were already minimal when she ended her gruelling chemotherapy.
female	my oncologist	When I announced to my oncologist that I was stopping the treatment, she told me she regretted that I had given up fighting, she said.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	However, she had told me I was finished!
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	No all-powerful care
neutral	Dr Martel	Dr Martel believes that 90% of patients asking to die thank care-givers for not having acceded to their request after they have been relieved of their pain by a palliative care team.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But it must be said that palliative care is not absolutely all-powerful in the treatment of pain.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to Elsie Monereau, Palliative Care Director with the Palliative Care Society in Greater Montreal, patients are resistant to treatment against pain in 8% of cases.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At the very end of life, physicians then often resort to palliative sedation, which is equivalent to putting the patient to sleep until the time of death, either sporadically or permanently.
neutral	their suffering	We can no longer pretend not to understand this part of their suffering.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Increasingly, an unrelieved patient will have the option of having such palliative sedation.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Patients who are not relieved always say the same thing: "I want to die."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But this does not necessarily mean "I want you to euthanise me," it means "I want to be relieved."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This report was made possible thanks to a journalism award from the Canada health research institutes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Widespread real estate scandals in Quebec
neutral	trade unionists	Day after day highway officials, building contractors, political party fund-raisers and Italian mafia specialists tell what they know of a formidable "system," combining the building industry, government officials, politicians, trade unionists and organised crime.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	An "industry" which has cost Quebec taxpayers dearly, especially in the 1990s and 2000s.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"It is curious how the system is crumbling since we took drastic measures" says Jacques Duchesneau ironically, a Quebec politician and former Montreal Chief of Police.
male	an in-depth investigation	It was through him that the scandal broke in 2011, in an in-depth investigation into corruption related to road construction contracts in Quebec, to which the liberal Prime Minister at the time, Jean Charest, had consented only reluctantly.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The "Duchesneau report" established a direct link between industry, under-the-table financing of parties and bribery of officials.
neutral	the Ministry	"Since the inquiry opened in 2010, he says, the Ministry of Transport alone reportedly saved a billion dollars on contracts," with certain people curbing their instincts to get a share!
male	The Charbonneau Commission	The Charbonneau Commission "has already brought down two mayors" he adds, hoping that it will succeed in "revealing the schemes behind the individuals."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A permanent anti-corruption unit, created in 2011
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Permanent Anti-Corruption Unit, created in 2011, is also coupled with its army of government analysts, investigators, and auditors.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Plus the "Marteau squad" policemen who, since 2009, have apparently led the Montreal "sewer cartel" to soft pedal on the inflation of contracts...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In recent weeks, it has conducted a series of searches and brought charges of fraud and corruption against municipal politicians, such as Frank Zampino and Richard Marcotte, Mayor of a suburban town.
male	Gilles Vaillancourt	Next on the list is apparently Gilles Vaillancourt, who has just resigned from his post as Mayor of Laval, third largest city in Quebec.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He is suspected of pocketing repeated bribes in exchange for public contracts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Others formally accused are Montreal highway engineers and Italian entrepreneurs, including Tony Accurso and Lino Zambito.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The latter caused a sensation by explaining the mechanics of the public contracts "system" to the commission.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He himself paid 3% of the value of the contracts obtained in Montreal to an intermediary linked to the mafia who in turn paid the money to Union Montréal, Mayor Gérald Tremblay's party.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Mr Zambito has handed money out freely in the 2000s, giving over 88,000 Canadian dollars (roughly 68,000 euros) to provincial parties, especially the Liberals then in power.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He also admitted having organised an illegal fundraiser for former Liberal Deputy-Prime Minister, Nathalie Normandeau.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Sewer contracts with inflated costs
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Montreal, the corruption "system" ran smoothly.
male	Gilles Surprenant	Gilles Surprenant, former public works engineer, described it in detail in front of the commission: in ten years, he received from construction companies gifts, invitations to trips, golf tournaments, restaurants, hockey matches and bribes totalling 736,000 dollars, in exchange for sewer contracts of which he inflated the costs.
neutral	Other highway officials	Other highway officials admitted having their palms greased by inflating invoices by 30 to 40%, and by false add-ons.
male	the Mayor's party	Then an organiser of the Mayor's party, Martin Dumont, accused Mr Tremblay of having deliberately closed his eyes to a parallel budget feeding his coffers with dirty money.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Following these revelations, Mr Tremblay resigned in early November, plunging Montreal into a major crisis.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Chantal Rouleau was one of the first women in Montreal to raise the alarm.
female	East	Mayor of the borough of Rivière-des-Prairies, to the East of the island, she protested in 2010 against the sale of municipal land bought for 5 million dollars and resold for... 1.6 million to developers, at the height of the real estate boom.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	70% dirty money in election campaigns
female	the investigation	On the investigation which will eventually be implemented, she says she "is following a thread in order to find out how the system - infiltrated by ants - works, to put a stop to the gangrene and catch the culprits."
female	The process	The process, she says, is "painful but positive."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The wound is being cleaned, but Montreal would need its own investigative unit with ongoing monitoring, to avoid the return of these questionable practices.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	How to clean house.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Properly.
neutral	the scheme	Jacques Duchesneau notes for his part that "officials stole hundreds of millions of dollars," but he is especially concerned about the role of "elected people aware of the scheme," when they were not up to their necks in the scam!
male	Quebec	Estimating the share of dirty money in the financing of election campaigns in Quebec at 70%, he says dryly: "I was told that it was only a pale reflection of reality."
male	The Quebec government	The Quebec government proposes to limit donations to parties to 100 dollars, but this will not change the situation, he says: "Until election expenses are strictly limited, there will be dirty money in politics."
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He advocates a complete overhaul of the system for granting public contracts and party funding: "We can't go any lower; getting to the bottom of things, with courage, will help to rebuild the house on more solid foundations, with more controls and laws."
neutral	Mr Duchesneau	Although this story tarnishes the international image of Quebec and Montreal, Mr Duchesneau invites anyone laughing to look in their own backyard...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"PSG is not FC Barcelona!"
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This season, you have taken on a new stature with PSG.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	How do you explain this progression?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It can be explained by individual awareness but also by the new dimension of PSG.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Some great players have arrived.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Every day I'm making progress alongside them.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The technical staff has also brought me a lot.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Day by day, all these things help me raise my level of play.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And, in a match, it's easier.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Everything moves very fast in football.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But I don't get worked up.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	From my debut at the Clairefontaine INF pre-training centre to my transfer to Saint-Etienne, I've always moved step by step.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So you benefit from the competition brought in by Carlo Ancelotti...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This summer's recruits are used to playing matches at a high level.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They also know that every training session is crucial.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Which is what makes a player like me want to face up and give my best.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On the other hand, Carlo Ancelotti gives me a lot as regards my position.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	He's supported by deputies like Claude Makelele, who played in the same position as me.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Is Ancelotti the man for the job?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Definitely.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Ancelotti inspires respect among all the experts.
male	Ligue	Today he has no equal in Ligue 1, and he's one of the best coaches in Europe.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He has masses of experience and has won many titles with top clubs.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	He's worked with great players.
male	Paris	I think he will bring more titles to Paris.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In January, I had an encouraging discussion with him.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I was just coming back from a series of injuries.
male	The confidence	The confidence he gives me also explains my performance.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What importance do you attach to the first part of the season for PSG?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Ligue 1, Lyon overtook us at the top.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But we're waiting on the sidelines.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	One of our main goals is the Champions League: we qualified for the last 16 in the right way.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What is the club's goal in this competition?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We'll try to go as far as possible.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	From now on, anything can happen.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But we'll have something to say against some very good European teams.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	First of all, we want to finish top in our pool, ahead of Porto, to have home advantage in the last 16 match.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Can PSG become a top European club in the short term?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It already has the budget...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	To become a top European club, Paris needs to win titles and keep it up over time.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Today, this isn't the case.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Financially, PSG has the means to make it happen.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Ligue 1, would not winning the title, like last season, be a big failure?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Definitely, it would be a major disappointment.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This year, we're really committed to winning the championship.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We weren't far away last season.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In May, there was great disappointment because we were good enough to finish first.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It was a terrific season.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We finished with 79 points.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Normally, 79 points is good enough to be top...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But another team, Montpellier, had an even more fantastic season.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I think this is the year.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Even if big teams like Marseille, Lyon and Bordeaux are competing for the title, I think we have the weapons to win.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Do you think the media expect too much of PSG?
neutral	players	It's normal for them to expect a lot from us given what's been invested and the players we have.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We totally accept it.
neutral	Troyes	After we won 4-0 at home against Troyes and they still found things to blame us for, that's definitely a bit frustrating.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You wonder what more people expect.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You're never going to win 4-0 every weekend.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We're not FC Barcelona!
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We're trying to implement a game project.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It takes time to build a team.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Champions League proved we could hold our own.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Look at Manchester City who, for two seasons, have failed to qualify for the last 16, despite also having spent huge amounts!
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Based on the amounts invested, you should be 15 points ahead at the winter break!
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That would be to ignore our opponents and the French Championship.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Lyon and Marseille, who were no good last season, were "boosted" by the new PSG.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This shows that Ligue 1 is exciting.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I hope that in May we will be able to smile in saying that, despite all the difficulties, we finally did it.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	PSG seem totally dependent on the exploits of Zlatan Ibrahimovic.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So much so that people say there is a "Zlatan dependence."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This means Ibrahimovic is very successful and scores a lot of goals.
male	star	That's why he came, and he's proving he's the star of Ligue 1.
male	player	He's demonstrated everywhere he went that he was a great player, a world star.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Within the group, we respect the man and the player.
male	the men	And also he respects the men he has around him.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	What he has done is truly exceptional.
neutral	their level	It pushes others to raise their level of play.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Thiago Silva, who is one of the best defenders in the world, also helps everyone else progress.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	How did you get on in Euro 2012 with the France team?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A disappointment.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I really wanted to play in this Euro.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Unfortunately, my injury prevented me from getting any game time.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I saw some things there and came out stronger.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Today, I'm playing well in selection matches.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Which is what I've been hoping for since my baptism with the Blues.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I've learned the lessons from what happened in the Ukraine and I now owe it to myself to have exemplary behaviour.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What do think about Didier Deschamps's first few months in charge of the Blues?
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He has the results he wanted.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We're well placed in the World qualifying group.
neutral	players	The coach is tough, close to the players, and inspires them to win.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Like Laurent Blanc was.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But I don't want to make any comparisons.
male	Blanc	Blanc had achieved his goal when we qualified for the Euro.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I hope Didier Deschamps will take the Blues to Brazil.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Did the good draw (1-1) snatched in Spain, on 16 October, represent a founding match?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That match gave us confidence.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Everybody fought for everybody.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Before that shock in Spain, I'd never experienced such a match in my career.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	With Bitcoin, pay and sell without banks
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The opposite of current monetary exchanges, based on central banks, identified transactions and processing fees among the parties involved.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In addition, as often in these technologies, a political vision is palpable: the belief that the current monetary system, made up of banking monopolies, leads to financial crises.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In fact, Bitcoin, invented by Satoshi Nakamoto (a pseudonym), is both a virtual currency (but convertible into dollars, euros) and a secure exchange protocol like BitTorrent, which allows peer-to-peer file exchange.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Around 200,000 transactions have already been recorded via 15,000 computers on the network.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Close to a thousand web sites accept bitcoins as donations or means of payment.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The bitcoin exchange rate, after reaching a peak of 30 dollars (23 euros) in June 2011, fell to 2 dollars five months later, returning today to around a dozen dollars (rates are listed on the bitcoincharts.com site).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Nothing very impressive, compared to global transactions in real currency or financial products.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, the European Central Bank (ECB) took an interest in it in a report on virtual currencies published in October.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It describes bitcoin as "the most successful virtual currency," "in competition with the dollar or the euro" and "similar to conventional currencies."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Bitcoin differs from other types of virtual currency such as 'credits', used to progress in a video game which you win by playing or which you can buy (and sometimes exchange in return).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The social network Facebook has also developed this kind of system.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But, on each occasion, a central authority controls and handles the exchanges.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	With Bitcoin, all nodes in the network are both custodians of the book of accounts, auditors, currency issuers, and buyers and sellers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	How does the network operate?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Each transaction between two users is actually carried out between two electronic addresses like with an e-mail.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Except that a user can choose a different address for each payment, thereby ensuring anonymity.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A set of information associated with this transaction is signed electronically by a dual-key encryption system.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So the network can verify the authenticity of the transaction.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Using the contents of the file, it is also possible to ensure that the exchanged bitcoins exist in the public book of accounts, broadcast across the entire network.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The key step is entering the new transaction in the book.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It passes through the resolution of a mathematical challenge issued to the computers, and the winner, a kind of interim central banker, will have the privilege of adding this extra line.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is a file hashing phase, i.e. the transformation of a large file into a shorter and unique digital imprint.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Computers "take" the new transaction and add a number to it, then "hash" it all up.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The goal being to find the number that gives a special imprint (lots of zeros at the beginning).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Once this number has been found, the other nodes can easily check that it is the right one.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The transaction is then indestructibly linked to the chain of all the other transactions; any modification would alter the imprint.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If a user wanted to defraud by paying twice with the same money very quickly (less than ten minutes), only one of the two transactions would be validated by the network - the other would remain an orphan because the two have different imprints.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The computer that resolves the challenge wins 50 bitcoins.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	To avoid inflation, this award is regularly divided by two, probably by the end of 2012.
neutral	bitcoins	The number of bitcoins in circulation is therefore limited to 21 million, but they are divisible down to the hundred millionth, which leaves some margin...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The difficulty of the challenge is also raised with each increase in computing power.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The life of the network has had its ups and downs.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Websites providing services for Bitcoin have been attacked and bitcoins in deposits stolen.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"The loophole used is not the protocol itself" says Pierre Noizat reassuringly, who has just launched Paymium, a real currency payment company that uses the Bitcoin network.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The ECB also highlights the possibilities of money laundering using this anonymous service.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But cash also has this weakness.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Major players like Wikipedia refuse donations of this nature.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Others, such as the WordPress blog platform, accept them.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Recently, Adi Shamir and Dorit Ron, from the Weizmann Institute in Israel, analysed the accounting books and showed that almost 80% of bitcoins do not circulate.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In November, "huge sell-offs" were launched.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Thirty thousand dollars were exchanged" welcomes Jon Holmquist, who works for Coinabul, which converts bitcoins to gold.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Pierre Noizat, also author of an educational book on this currency, has a lot of faith in the potential of this technology as a transaction network.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	His system, Paytunia, is equivalent to a credit card (in real money) or a contactless payment by mobile, but it uses Bitcoin to validate transactions, which are thus cheaper.
male	user	Also the user manages his identity and can therefore be anonymous.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The system is easy to implement by merchants, who do not need to install new terminals or software.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They just need to provide an address that a phone can "photograph and recognise" says Pierre Noizat, who confirms he has thousands of users.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There is a general movement to reappraise hierarchical systems for more horizontal systems.
male	Bitcoin	"It will take time for Bitcoin to become firmly established, but 2013 could be a turning point," he predicts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The ECB, in its report, says it will reassess the various risks, currently regarded as high, in the event of the currency's success.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We got out of Afghanistan.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What now?
neutral	Surobi	French troops have left their area of responsibility in Afghanistan (Kapisa and Surobi).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	NATO and the Americans are due to follow in late 2014.
neutral	the Afghan army	It is time for the Afghan army to resume possession of its territory and the Afghan people to choose their future, without expecting us to do everything.
neutral	Afghan peasants	It is mainly Afghan peasants that we have punished by regarding them as terrorists.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And ourselves, with our 88 soldiers killed, plus the wounded, the maimed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Taliban is composed of foreign extremists, former leaders in refuge in Pakistan, but often peasants who refuse the presence of foreign armed forces, like in the time of the Soviets.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They want to defend their traditions, both ancient and archaic, even though they have been joined by Jihadists, Pakistanis, Arabs, Uzbeks, Tajiks.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Tolerated, sometimes assisted, by local insurgents, the latter will no longer be so when Westerners become more scarce.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The departure of French troops from the Nijrab base, which I observed from the top of hills of almond trees planted with French funding, was carried out in an orderly fashion.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Convoys of trucks and armoured vehicles reached Kabul without being attacked, overflown by helicopters.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There will be no wave of the Taliban in Kabul by the end of 2014.
neutral	Circumstances	Circumstances have changed since their irresistible advance between 1994 and 1996.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At that time Kabul was empty, the country being torn apart by the struggles between different factions.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	Their takeover of the country had been perceived then as a sort of liberation, a return to safety.
neutral	Afghanis	Afghanis paid the price of the obscurantism of these peasants by the organisation of Al-Qaeda, but their situation has not improved today.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Former Mujahidin, the Afghan Government and the current Taliban are allied in the desire to keep women in an inferior position.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The main anti-Soviet war leaders returned to power in 2001.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They became profiteers, seizing government land to resell as building land to refugees returning from Iran and Pakistan, benefiting from huge American outsourcing contracts.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They have become discredited; what is more, most of them did not fight themselves.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The people, as I heard in the countryside, want a Government that is not made up of thieves.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Many young people want to leave, as those who were able to benefit from American largesse will leave: the flight of capital is considerable.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The young people are tired of war and its ideologies.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They have rubbed shoulders with the modern world during their exile in Iran or Pakistan, and appreciated the benefits.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Roughly 65% of the population is less than 25; Kabul now has 5 million people, a fifth of the total population.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In towns and cities, the state schools are full, with girls and boys alike.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It will be necessary to provide work for those young people who no longer want to return to the obscurantism of the former parties or the corruption of certain leaders.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	All of them, including the armed opponents, are partial to mobile phones; television, with its Turkish soap operas that show a modern world, is followed everywhere.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The army is now present.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Will the authorities who command it be considered legitimate?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Former commanders of the anti-Soviet struggle are already thinking about restoring provincial militias, which will escape the central power.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Afghanistan, land of mountains, with strong local identities, should be able to benefit from a certain decentralisation, in the image of the Western nations, but the United States wanted to turn it into a centralised State, with strong presidential power, abolishing the post of Prime Minister, which had existed since the 1964 Constitution.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	President Karzai does not want any foreign controls, particularly on the occasion of the elections in April 2014.
male	the 50s	But, since the 50s and already well before, his country has been dependent on foreign aid.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	No industries have been re-established, no dams are in good condition, no major irrigation systems have been repaired.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Everything is imported; nothing is produced, apart from fruit and vegetables.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Priority is left to private initiative.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In a country ruined by thirty years of war, government control over the infrastructure would have been necessary.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The rumour was spread that Afghanistan had huge mineral wealth.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This only added to the feeling that the Westerners were only there to seize it.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	With no energy to process the iron ore or copper on site, or means of transport to export it across the mountains, there is no mining.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Chinese have already almost left the Mes Aynak copper mine, leaving international archaeologists (funded by the World Bank) to search the huge Buddhist site and remain the largest employers in the province.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	One day it will also be necessary for Afghanistan and Pakistan, on which imports and exports largely depend, to restore normal relations.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The departure of French combat troops was completed on 20 November.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The new cooperation treaty provides for the continuation of traditional aid: girls' high school, boys' high school, French Department at the University, French Institute, cooperation in the military, legal, medical and agricultural fields, support to the archaeological Delegation.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Since 2009, to try to "win hearts and minds" and achieve the impossible task of reconciling aid and offensive actions, a "civil-military actions" service from the Ministry of defence (Cimic), closed in 2012, has carried out, and continues to carry out successfully, through a small French NGO, many community and agricultural rehabilitation projects in dozens of mountain villages.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These projects, involving large numbers of local labour, have helped to contain the insurgency: irrigation, wells, drinking water, reforestation, fruit trees, soil protection and increase in cultivable areas.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What will we leave as a souvenir, after two billion euros of military spending?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A much more modest budget would contribute to improving local living conditions, which are very hard in these valleys often located over 2,000 metres above sea level.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Embassy has received dozens of written requests for small agricultural projects from local communities in Kapisa province.
neutral	farmers	To be in a position to free themselves from the uprising led by foreign groups, which is what farmers told me they want, a small amount of civil aid should be maintained in their favour, well controlled and directly affecting them.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A Constitution by force in Egypt
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A new gamble for President Mohammed Morsi.
male	the constitutional declaration	While Egypt remains more divided than ever around the constitutional declaration, which temporarily grants him full powers, he has decided to go for broke.
male	the Constituent Assembly	Taking everyone by surprise, he announced on Wednesday that the Constituent Assembly would vote on its final text the following day.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Just a week ago, the head of State had given the Assembly two more months to finish its work.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For two years Egypt has relied on a provisional text, amended several times and this has weakened institutional stability and led to legal imbroglios.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This new initiative has only served to enhance the divide in the country.
male	President	According to his opponents, the President is persevering in his "autocratic delirium," continuing to "go back on his word" and 'trample the law."
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	His supporters affirm that this is the quickest way to put an end to the institutional and political crisis, by speeding up the transition process.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A referendum is due to be held within the next two weeks.
neutral	the Brothers	A very short period, which forces the Brothers to abandon their plan to explain the text, article by article, to the Egyptians.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For the President, it is also a way to achieve popular and democratic legitimacy while the dispute rages throughout the country.
male	Mohammed Morsi	Mohammed Morsi seems convinced that Egyptians will vote favourably, as he stated in an interview with the American weekly Time.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Particularly since a hasty vote smacks of an ultimatum to the Egyptian people: "Either you vote for my text, or I keep full powers," these powers supposedly expiring following adoption of the Constitution.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It was in a strange atmosphere that 85 members of the Constituent Assembly, with a large Islamist majority, voted on the text yesterday.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Most of the liberals were missing.
neutral	November	In mid-November, shortly before the constitutional declaration, they had slammed the door, feeling they had failed to assert their views.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Representatives of human rights, religious minorities or civil society had done likewise.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In order to obtain a quorum, 11 members, alternates, were hastily added yesterday morning.
neutral	the Muslim Brotherhood	Some of them are very close to the Muslim Brotherhood.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Not surprisingly, the articles were for the most part voted unanimously.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Commentators were also amused that one of the only diversions of the day was expressed with regard to... the hour of prayer, some Committee members feeling that the Constituent Assembly clock was wrong.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The text, which was still being voted on yesterday evening, has 234 articles.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The main focus of attention, article 2, remains in the final analysis identical to that of the 1971 Constitution, stipulating that "the principles of sharia are the main source of law."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Salafist parties, for which the establishment of Islamic law is a major claim, were hoping to replace "the principles" by "the rules," which would have allowed stricter application.
neutral	Islamists	For the Islamists, the fact that this article was not amended is a guarantee of their goodwill and their respect for the other elements of Egyptian society.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Hypocrisy" respond the liberals, who see only a communication coup.
neutral	the Constitution	Because in their opinion Islamisation of the Constitution is done through other articles.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They refer in particular to article 220, which grants Al-Azhar University an advisory role, with particular reference to verifying the conformity of the laws with sharia.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to Egypt specialist Sophie Pommier, this is worrying because "the people called upon to advise are not elected and have no democratic legitimacy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This suggests the beginnings of a theocracy."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The liberals' fears are also fuelled by the fact that the next Rector of the university will probably be much less moderate than the current one.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"For the time being, there is no concrete religious implication.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	With this Constitution, things remain under civil rule.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Most of the lawyers who worked on this text are not Islamic law scholars but academics, some trained in the French system" qualifies Alexis Blouet, who is writing a thesis on the Egyptian constitutional transition.
male	the terms	But he acknowledges that "there may be some ambiguity regarding article 220, because the terms used borrow from the religious vocabulary.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Reference is made in particular to "fiqh" [Islamic jurisprudence, Editor's note].
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And the question could be asked in future to what extent civil judges are competent to pronounce on it."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Beyond its religious aspect, the text voted on yesterday is highly criticised due to the extensive powers it grants to the President of the Republic.
neutral	The Muslim Brothers	The Muslim Brothers argue that they are significantly reduced compared to what they were under the former regime.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Another issue: the powers conferred on the army.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In accordance with the wishes of the military, the Defence budget review will be not submitted to Parliament, but to a National Defence Council.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Nor will trials of civilians will be banned in military tribunals, as requested by associations for the defence of human rights.
neutral	their concerns	Who also voice their concerns about the text, which they consider repressive.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The offence of blasphemy is maintained and insults are now prohibited, which could have serious consequences on freedom of expression, particularly for the press.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In addition, no longer does any of the articles refer to the protection of women, highlights Heba Morayef, from Human Rights Watch.
female	the only positive point	In her opinion, the only positive point is the prohibition of torture in article 36.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The word was not included in the previous Constitution.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	While the Egyptian President was speaking yesterday evening on television, demonstrations are planned for this afternoon.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Supporters of the Head of State will march on Saturday.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Israel, holy places await Ukrainian tourists, the omphalos and a sea of saline water
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Holy Land combines the splendour of biblical truths, modern comfort and primeval nature.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	AiF [Argumenti i Fakti] newspaper highlighted the five most important reasons why it is a must to visit Israel.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Let's worship the holy places
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is worth visiting the River Jordan where Jesus was baptized.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is considered that all who enter this baptism "bath" are blessed by God.
male	Jesus	Galilee is the place where Jesus performed his magic: turned water into wine at a wedding, walked on water, calmed a storm, and filled the nets.
male	Jesus	This is also where Jesus came before his disciples and after the resurrection.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But the biggest number of holy places is in Jerusalem.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Believers walk through the Way of Grief or Via Dolorosa.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It starts by the Antonia Fortress - Praetorium - where the judgement took place, and brings us along the streets of the Old Town to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre on Golgotha - the place of the crucifixion, Stone of Unction and the place of Jesus' burial.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is also the location of the symbolic Christian omphalos, which symbolizes the salvation of mankind.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Holy Cross Monastery in Jerusalem is erected at the site that, according to Christian legend, yielded the tree used to make the cross for Jesus' crucifixion.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Jerusalem has the most holy places for the Jews as well - the Wailing Wall, which remained from a temple destroyed by the Romans in 70 AD.
neutral	their wishes	According to tradition, people of different faiths leave notes here with their wishes, which are then fulfilled.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Travel along a vertical
male	Herod	Ruins of the Massada Fortress remain from a secret refuge from enemies, built by Herod in 25 BC for his family.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They are located on cliffs in the mountains at an elevation of 450 m above sea level.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They can be reached on foot only by those who are into mountain climbing.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Others are delivered to this historical mountaintop by a cableway.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the north of the country, at an elevation of 1600-2040 m, there is a famous ski resort called Hermon, which fills up with tourists in winter months.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A shuttle bus brings people to it from the foot of the mountain.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The total length of ski pistes is 45 km.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to an ancient legend, pagan gods used to live on the mountain.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Visit unique museums
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This country has about 300 museums.
neutral	one trip	You won't be able to visit all of them on one trip
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But at least the five most interesting ones are worth a visit.
neutral	Museum	Among them - Museum of Israel, located close to Knesset (Parliament).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It has ancient Qumran manuscripts and Dead Sea scrolls found in the caves of the Judean desert, along with about 500,000 archaeological and anthropological artefacts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Museum of Art in Tel-Aviv is also interesting.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Its exhibits include a wide range of impressionists and expressionists like Monet, Pissarro, Renoir, Sisley, Cezanne, Matisse, Modigliani, Chagall, Picasso.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Akko, you can visit the bath museum Al-Basha, which consists of several rooms of ancient Turkish baths with models of visitors and bath attendants of the time.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Caesarea, it is worth visiting the unique private Ralli Museum, where you can enjoy the sculptures of Dali and Rodin.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There are no tour guides or gift shops.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Entry is free of charge, and contributions are strictly not allowed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The fifth one is the Holocaust Museum or Yad Vashem in Tel-Aviv, which tells one of the most dramatic stories in history.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The most tragic section is the children's memorial, built in memory of 1.5 million children killed in concentration camps and gas chambers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You go in and find yourself in complete darkness.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Stars are glimmering,
neutral	Jewish children	and you listen to names of Jewish children and countries where they died.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Ukraine is mentioned there too.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Wellness
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There are three resort areas in Israel, located on the coasts of the Mediterranean, Red, and Dead Seas.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Each have swimming pools, aqua parks, dolphinaria and oceanaria.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is notable that one can swim in the Red Sea even in winter months, because the water temperature does not drop below 21 degrees and the air warms to 23 degrees.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Dead Sea is even warmer, and people swim in it all year round.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Incidentally, it is the most unusual sea in the world, located in the lowest point of the planet - 417 m below sea level.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Its azure water is saline and easily keeps you afloat, even if you don't know how to swim.
neutral	their beauty	The surrounding landscapes are surreal in their beauty.
neutral	People	People come here to undergo a course of treatment using salt water - wraps and medicinal muds, and to improve their health if they have dermatitis, allergies, asthmas, eczemas, arthritis, bronchitis, or diabetes, or to return emotional balance.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Touch the mysteries of antiquity
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They are preserved in the old section of Tel-Aviv - in the town of Jaffa on the Mediterranean Sea.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The famous sea route connecting Egypt, Syria, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia runs through it.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The city is mentioned in ancient Greek and ancient Egyptian legends.
male	Noah	According to legends, this is where Noah built his ark and Perseus saved the beauty Andromeda, with whom he lived a long and happy life.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Tourists really like to wander the narrow streets named after signs of the zodiac.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They say, if you touch the walls on the street of your sign, fortune will come to you.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Jaffa, you can meet newlyweds who come from all over Israel and even from other countries for photo sessions.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And in Caesarea - the city of King Herod - you can walk around a Roman theatre, "capture" the Crusader fortress.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	During the Roman period, Caesarea was the main city of Judea and the residence of Roman prefects, including Pontius Pilate.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The carefully restored theatre is now used for evening concerts and opera performances.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A note for the tourist
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	When you go to Israel, don't worry about your bad English knowledge: approximately 30% of the country's population speaks Russian.
neutral	dollars	For the trip, it is better to take dollars, not euros, because they are easily exchanged for shekels (currently 1 dollar = 3.8 shekels).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	City transportation is mainly buses, but Jerusalem has a high-speed tram, and Haifa has the only subway line in the country, comprising six stops and connecting upper town with lower.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In essence, it is an underground cable railway.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A ticket for any type of city transportation costs 6 shekels, and you can ride for 1.5 hours with transfers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to the Jewish tradition, Sabbath is celebrated in Israel.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Between Friday evening and the sunset on Saturday, markets, stores, and public transportation stop working.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The work week starts on Sunday morning.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Many cafes, restaurants and hotels have only kosher food, with no pork, seafood, fish with no scales, or dishes that combine milk with meat.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There is a wide selection of dishes from lamb and beef, soups and desserts cooked using coconut milk, traditional Jewish hummus paste, various sauces, falafel (balls made of ground chickpeas), fruits and vegetables.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The streets of Israel don't have homeless dogs.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But there are many well-fed cats, which walk around lazily.
neutral	the evening	In the evening, they can even be seen sleeping on roofs of parked cars.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These pussycats like busy places and do not refuse treats.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Car rental, depending on car type, costs from 37 (Hyundai Getz) to 188 (Audi A6, Volvo S80) dollars a day.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Plus insurance of 15 dollars a day.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Bike rental costs 15 shekels a day.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Museum entrance costs 30 shekels on average.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In numbers
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In 2012, over three million tourists from around the world visited Israel.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Visitors and holidaymakers arrive mostly from the USA, Russia, France, Germany, Italy, England, and Ukraine.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Between January and October 2012 118,800 Ukrainian tourists visited the Holy Land, which is 51% more than a similar figure in 2010, before the removal of the visa regime on February 9, 2011.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Only the "high and mighty" make it to Moscow: migrants save money for language
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	While deputies and human rights activists argue about the purpose of the law on mandatory language testing, the country already has scam artists who sell fake certificates.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Every year, 13 million migrant workers come to Moscow, St. Petersburg and other cities in Russia.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Mostly these are citizens of Central Asia: Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Turkmenistan.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	Their only goal is to earn money to support families back home.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A new law came into effect on December 1, which obliges every migrant worker to pass a Russian language test.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For the moment, this law applies only to those who intend to work in services, housing and utility services, household services, and retail.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But with time - as promised by the Federal Migration Service - tests will become mandatory for all non-residents.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In addition to language, Russian history and basics of the legal system will be tested.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Language knowledge will have to be confirmed both to receive and to extend the work permit.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	An exception is in effect only for citizens of countries where Russian is a state language.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	People who received education certificates and diplomas before the fall of the USSR in 1991 are also exempt under the law.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Purpose, doomed fate, and the protection of rights
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Seven testing points will be operating under the auspices of the Pushkin Institute of Russian Language, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow State University (MGU), St. Petersburg State University (SPbGU), and other Russian education institutions.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Migrants can take the tests in all cities; more than 160 such centres have been opened.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The initiative to introduce the testing was supported by State Duma members and the Federal Migration Services.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But human rights activists, asked the question repeatedly in the press before the law came into force: what will it actually achieve?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What will the obligation to know Russian change for the Russians and for the non-residents?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	First of all, according to representatives of the migration service, this will allow to reduce the number of people suffering from labour slavery.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Many speak about protection of the rights of work migrants, explains the Head of the representative office of the Federal Migration Services of Russia, Viktor Sebelev.
neutral	departure	Rights protection should begin before their departure.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Only the system of organized selection will enable us to solve 90% of the problems of foreign workers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Migrants without profession, education, who do not know Russian, who do not have a medical certificate start to have problems.
male	migrant	If a migrant does not understand the language, says Sebelev with certainty, he is doomed to come across unconscientious people, who, pretending to help, will force upon him a "ticket" to terrible, cramped barracks where many others like him will suffer without food and documents, slaving away 12-14 hours a day.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We receive many complaints from our migrants.
neutral	Main Migrant Labour Administration	"They are promised one thing at home, but when they arrive, they are lied to, their passports are taken, they are not paid what they were promised," confirms the Head of the Main Migrant Labour Administration of the Migration Service of Tajikistan Tolib Sharipov.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Not be angry, boss!
neutral	Central Asian countries	Nonetheless, many citizens of Central Asian countries, who plan to go to work in Russia, admit that not only their understanding of the language of the country where they are going is not good, but they can barely write in their own language.
neutral	Tajiks	Naturally, this is not so much their fault, but due to poverty: very few Turks, Uzbeks, and Tajiks can afford even a basic education.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	Their families don't even have food to feed their children, not to mention decent clothing, shoes, and supplies.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	After reaching adolescence, these kids go to work at the first opportunity.
neutral	language knowledge	It is hard, if language knowledge is bad, they admit.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"You feel humiliated and inferior."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But human rights activists note one important point about the law on language.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Testing will be conducted only for those migrants who have legal status.
neutral	any official work	If they have no status, there will be no testing, nor any official work in the future.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the meantime, most of the migrant workers continue to live in Russia illegally.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Welcome, or No Unauthorized Entry"
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Many of the foreigners assert that receiving official status in our country is not that easy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The reason lies in bureaucratic hurdles and the already mentioned language difficulties.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In addition, legalization costs money: from 12,000 to 16,000 rubles.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Whereas a fake registration is done quickly and costs only one and a half thousand.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Officers of the Russian Police know that we mainly have fake papers, without registration, hence the extortion.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"They ask for a hundred or two for cigarettes, tea," Umed Khushkadamov, a citizen of Tajikistan, shared with journalists.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Roll up, don't be cheap, get your artwork"
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On the first day of the law's entry into effect it turned out that not only migrant registration documents can be fake.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A few forged certificates about passing language tests have been seized by Federal Migration Services officers already.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Forged documents are printed on a standard colour printer.
neutral	the tests	Naturally, they were not free for their owners: each of the migrants, who had hoped to facilitate the task of passing the tests in this way paid seven thousand rubles for them.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is two and a half times more than the process of official testing, which costs three thousand.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Government officials and human rights activists agree that the main goal in the near future is to protect the system from corruption, so that the certificates could not just be bought.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For the moment, the authorities can promise migrant workers who could not pass the test the first time to give time to complete a basic language course.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In addition, those who come without Russian language knowledge will be offered work in areas that do not require active communication with people.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Ministry of the Interior does not put arms from the illegal market back into circulation
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The share of crime involving legal weapons is extremely low
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Russian Ministry of the Interior is proposing to toughen up the law for owners of civil weapons.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is the reaction of authorities to recent incidents: CLICK shots at weddings, where there were no casualties, and the massacre staged by Moscow lawyer Dmitry Vinogradov, resulting in CLICK the death of seven people.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Policemen want to prohibit the carrying of weapons in public places and raise the legal age of weapons licensing from 18 to 21.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The idea was supported by the head of the Duma Committee on Safety and Anti-Corruption, Irina Yarovaya, who promised that the amendments to the law on weapons will be brought to the State Duma in the near future.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Not everyone is happy that the Russian authorities are trying to fight the problem by "tightening the screws."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	An open letter appeared online, whose authors - representatives of different social rifle organizations - demand to abandon the "senseless toughening."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The percentage of crime involving registered weapons is minimal, said criminal lawyer Vasily Lesnikov to BBC Russia.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to the Ministry of the Interior's statistics, 142 crimes using firearms registered with law enforcement agencies have been committed in the six months of 2012, whereas 1,168,000 crimes have been recorded in total for this period.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Authors of the open letter are certain that the toughening of the law in the area of civil weapons will not prevent the criminal from going to the "black" market.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to them, one can find any weapon at a low price right now.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Nonetheless, the Ministry of the Interior asserts that the situation of the spread of illegal arms is under control.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Suppliers: from plants to officers
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The "black" market of weapons is replenished through several channels.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There are five such channels, explains retired colonel Viktor Baranets, who has worked in the Ministry of Education and the General Staff for 10 years.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Screenshot of the site that accepts orders for weapons.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	First: "army or military loot," i.e. weapons that were stolen during the fighting in the Caucasus.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Weapons were stolen by Russian officers and by the Caucasians," says Baranets.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Next are "black weapons," stolen by criminals from representatives of defence agencies.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Baranets explains that this covers weapons taken from police warehouses and those stolen directly from law enforcement agencies' employees.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Illegal arms are taken to be sold from military warehouses.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Explosions have often been heard at military warehouses.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"There are proven theories that some of the fires were intentional, in order to cover the shortage," says the former military man.
neutral	Baranets	Manufacturers of weapons make their contribution, according to Baranets.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"There are so many private weapons factories now, which do not endure competition on the international market and throw weapons from under the counter to the black market, including in Moscow," says the expert.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Another source of the "black" market is trafficking.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	An especially high number of guns and machine guns come from poor countries like Kyrgyzstan.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"There's production there, sometimes handmade; and a mafia has formed, which has organized a stream," explains the former military man.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Where do the weapons come from?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Experts counted the approximate share of each of the sources of supply of illegal weapons to the "black" market.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A report about this was prepared by the Centre of Problems Analysis and Public Management Planning in 2011.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Experts analysed the reports of the Department of the Interior and Rosstat, criminology literature and open data from portals on weapons.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The overwhelming majority of illegal weapons, according to the researchers, comes from the military and security forces.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Half of all arms on the black market are there "because of officials, whose work is connected with weapons," states the report.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to researchers' data, 17% of the time the weapons are received from armed conflict areas, 14% is theft during production, 5% is "black archaeology."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A sales consultant of one of the weapons stores, who wished to remain anonymous, asserts that the weapons found by "black" diggers are not being bought any more, because they're too old.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to him, dealers go to the military warehouse for a new batch of goods.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	One piece, for example a TT gun can be bought from a warrant officer.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is issued to him, and given through the fence.
male	the city	"He takes it to the city and sells for 900 euros a piece with two magazines," he says.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"The truth is that police are aware of everything, that is why periodically, when the crime detection rate is low, it conducts test purchases from illegal weapons merchants," says the consultant.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Like in a luxury store"
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The buyer and seller often find each other through friends.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I looked at sites, blogs, till someone responded, offering me to go to Begovaya station, where a man will be waiting for me to take me to the "corner" so we can negotiate.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I found out the price of the weapon only there
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	military commentator Viktor Baranets
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	To get a weapon, I need someone with connections, says the sales consultant. - I have an acquaintance, but I'm not sure it's reliable.
male	John Doe	There are salesmen on labour markets, but one needs to "come" there conditionally "from John Doe, who asked to tell that his daughter lost a tooth."
neutral	knuckledusters	Right now, even if I need a few knuckledusters, I get them through someone I trust.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He also supplies them only to me, because he knows that I won't give him away.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Beginners look for weapons in different ways.
male	Viktor Baranets	Former military man Viktor Baranets tried himself as a buyer of illegal weapons in the mid-1990's, when he was preparing to publish an article about this.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The formulas are still the same, according to him.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He was given an album of pictures with "anything and everything."
male	a luxury store	"I felt like I was in a luxury store," he recalls.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to Baranets, the buyer is not offered a pig in a poke - you can try out everything.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I, the potential client, am not just buying; we go to the forest with the seller and set a target there.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"I am given the opportunity to shoot, and when I am certain that the weapon is good, we begin to negotiate," describes the expert.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Store on a sofa
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Internet searches lead to sites and "Vkontakte" groups, where weapons "for different purposes" are on offer.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	No documents or personal meetings are needed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"It's enough to have a certain sum of money," says the advertisement heading on the website "Buy a pistol or rifle."
neutral	Users	Users leave their requests and ask questions.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Can a minor buy?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Without a license, of course," asks user "John" (name is changed).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Want to buy a TT, Moscow," concisely requests "Fedorenkov."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Federal Security Service now spread a big network of fake sites and there are tons of potential buyers of military weapons.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	People come like hungry fish to bait, and then mine coal in Siberia.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	military commentator and former military man Viktor Baranets
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I heard about this: normally the site is registered outside the area of applicability of the laws of Russia.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	People accept orders.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The buyer pays at an ATM.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"In response, a photo is sent with instructions on where the weapon is hidden," says Press Secretary of the Rights to Weapons non-governmental organization Dmitry Kislov.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Viktor Baranets confirms that after leaving a request on the site you can stay without a weapon and go to jail.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Federal Security Service now spreads a big network of fake sites and there are tons of potential buyers of military weapons.
male	People	"People are like hungry fish after bait, and end in Siberia mining coal," - he says.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Makarov for 100 dollars
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	When buying illegal firearms, 100 to 900 dollars is enough according to experts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to Dmitry Kislov from the Rights to Weapons organization, a Makarov gun can be acquired for 100-300 dollars.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The wait time is a month to a month and a half.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is shipped from long-term storage warehouses by the mid-level management of these warehouses.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to official statistics of the authorities, the number of such crimes in Russia on the whole dropped 7% as compared to January-October 2011, amounting to 22,900, while the number of cases of theft and extortion of weapons, ammunition, explosive substances and explosive devices dropped by 7.8%.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Fast-food and supermarket workers are on strike in the U.S.A.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Up to a fourth of all American teenagers have worked the cash register at McDonald's at one time or another
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the last few days, there is a wave of protest actions in the U.S.A. against low salaries in supermarkets of the Walmart chain and popular fast food chain restaurants like McDonald's, Burger King, Taco Bell, Wendy's and Kentucky Fried Chicken.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Right now, nobody is able to predict whether this wave will turn into the ninth wave or it is destined to fizzle out early.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Actions are being supported by unions and a series of left-wing organizations.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In addition to increasing the low wages received by employees of Walmart and fast food chains, the goal of the protesters is to create unions within them.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This sector of the economy is not covered by any union movement yet.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	46 cents a year?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Actions began last week after Thanksgiving, on Black Friday, when massive sales drew millions of people in America, sometimes accompanied by clashes.
neutral	Walmart	On this day, some employees of the Walmart corporation, which employs 2.2 million people around the world, left their workplaces and picketed together with the unions and left-wing activists from the corporation stores that sell products to people on low-to-medium incomes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Walmart sells everything imaginable, from diapers, hunting rifles and car batteries, to vacuum cleaners, eggs and milk.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Products in its stores are on average 8% to 27% cheaper than in major supermarkets.
neutral	Walmart	So many low-paid Walmart employees shop only at their workplace.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Availability and assortment made Walmart one of the biggest American corporations.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to critics, Walmart can afford to sell the products cheaply partly because it pays little to its employees.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These latter also complain about hard work conditions, for example lack of lift trucks and hand-held scanners.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Protesters on Black Friday demanded a salary increase and complained that the cost of medical insurance provided by the corporation went from 30 to 100 dollars a month.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A typical Walmart employee, receiving 9.5 dollars/hour, cannot afford this.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Scientists from the Berkeley University in California argue that if Walmart raises the average salary to 12 dollars/hour, it will cost the corporation 3.2 billion dollars.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is about 1.1% more than it spends on salaries right now.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If Walmart fully shifts the cost of increasing wages to the shoulders of consumers, each visit to the store will cost only 46 cents more.
neutral	12.39 dollars	In one year, they will only spend 12.39 dollars more than now.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Walmart supporters happily note that the protests took place in nine states and did not cause any damage at all to the corporation.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Black Friday continued in its stores from 8 in the evening on Thursday till midnight the next day, and during the period Walmart sold about 5000 products a second.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In total, its cash registers conducted nearly 100 million transactions on Black Friday.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Representative of the corporation, Dan Fogelman, asserted in an interview with a left-wing site, the Huffington Post, that a total of "less than five" Walmart employees left the workplace, and the protest act was just "another PR trick" of the union that organized it.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Free cash register!"
neutral	Protests	Protests continued this week in New York, where their object was not Walmart (they're not so welcome in the progressive city, that is why they don't exist here yet), but McDonald's and other cheap restaurants.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	McDonald's says that it sells billions of portions, and despite this it doesn't even give you sick days or pay you for honest work!
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Jumaane Williams, member of the City Council of New York
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At the moment, the minimum salary according to federal and NY law is 7.25 dollars an hour.
neutral	Fast food restaurants	Fast food restaurants increase it with time, but very little. On average their ordinary employees in New York earn 8.90 dollars/hour.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Nobody earns less in this expensive city.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I cannot understand how one can survive in New York on this money.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Once upon a time, almost a fourth of American teenagers went through McDonald's, working part-time after school, living with parents.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Few saw this as a source of living or planned to stay there for long.
neutral	employees	Now I continuously come across interviews with McDonald's employees, who complain that they have to survive on this salary and sometimes even feed their children.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On the other hand, there is a comment on the Wall Street Journal forum, whose author notes that it is irresponsible to have children if you do not know how you will feed them.
neutral	McDonald	Participants of the protest that began at 6.30 a.m. on Thursday near the McDonald's on 40th street and Madison Avenue demanded that cashiers and cooks of the fast food chain be paid at least 15 dollars/hour, i.e. more than double their present wages.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They also demanded the creation of unions in the fast food industry.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	American law prohibits the administration from preventing this or punishing activists of the union movement by nagging or firing.
neutral	the other hand	On the other hand, the administration does not often ease their life.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But for objective reasons it is hard to cover fast food with a union.
neutral	the unusual turnover	One of them is the unusual turnover of employees.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Disagreeing
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Noisy protests began on this day in a number of other cheap restaurants in Manhattan.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The highlight of the action was the afternoon meeting near McDonald's by Times Square, where several local democratic politicians spoke out. One of them, Jumaane Williams, said: "McDonald's claims it sells billions of portions, and despite this it doesn't even give you sick days or pay you for honest work!"
neutral	the fast food employees	Demonstrators were supported by other prominent NY democrats, like Bill de Blasio, a candidate for NY city mayor, who said: "We need to voice our joint support for the fast food employees, so that they can achieve fair wages and economic wellbeing, which every New Yorker deserves!."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to the New York Times, this was the biggest action of this kind in the history of the American fast food industry.
neutral	people	But only a few hundred people took part in it, and many of them were not fast food employees, which comprise tens of thousands of people in New York.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is unclear right now whether this will spark a mass movement.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"At the moment, the mind cannot be deceived too well"
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Among modern technology fans a popular topic is augmented reality, lately seen primarily through the prism of special glasses.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At first, a functional model was shown by Google in the summer, at its annual conference. Then, in November, it was announced that Microsoft filed an application for patent too.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, according to the conversation with the leader of the group of interactive 3D technologies in the Cambridge laboratory of Microsoft, Shahram Izadi, glasses are a thing of the past for scientists in this company.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They are drawn by the prospect of manipulating virtual objects in the air with bare hands, creating virtual open spaces.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Please tell us, in simple terms, about the work your research group does.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- We work on the interaction of people with machines, at the same time trying to expand the boundaries of this interaction.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	While people in general are stuck at working with pixels on a flat screen and sometimes pointing fingers at them.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We want to look 5-10 years into the future and predict cardinal changes in this interaction.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For example, Xbox and Kinect sensors are a step forward. Almost no Xbox is sold without Kinect today, because everyone likes control by gestures.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- What else awaits us in the future?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Despite the fact that Kinect shifted the interaction to the physical level, much still occurs on a flat screen, sometimes in 3D.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Information entry has improved (the system receives more data), but output still needs to get better.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We are trying to change this, working on truly three-dimensional display systems based on various technologies, including projection technologies.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We need to let the computer world into our physical world, make it more tangible.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But for this, we need to identify both the user and the space around him.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Then we will be able to supplement the real world with virtual objects in a much more convenient form.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Above all, get rid of these stupid virtual reality helmets!
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- What do you think about voice control?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It's a popular thing, but is it overestimated?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- It clearly cannot be called a cure-for-all - there's a question of privacy, because we do not always want to let the others know about our actions and intentions.
neutral	all types	In reality, all types of interaction with computers are good, but each in their own niche.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For example, we had a project to control devices in public places, in which we thought about movements, not wide movements, but small, reserved ones.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Movements were not recorded by a camera, but by a hand bracelet that determined the movement of bones and muscles.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It's big right now, but in theory it can be reduced to the size of a hand watch.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In general, the future lies in the mixed control, e.g. movement + voice.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- What do you mean?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- For example, how would you ask me to give you this bottle of water?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You will talk and show at the same time.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Usually I just say.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Oh, that will be very hard to detect.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- So you want to make the users adapt to what the machine can or cannot do at that moment?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Not necessarily, but it is a mutual approximation.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I think in the near future, we will mainly work on developing new sensors that will enable more precise determination of a person's reaction.
neutral	laser sensors	This could be, e.g. laser sensors. They have a decent depth resolution, which is very important.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- If we talk about your work with Xbox Kinect sensors, what are your complaints about modern cameras?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Not enough resolution, depth or something else?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- In general, the current generation is what we can base ourselves on in working on three-dimensional recognition.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Of course, it would be good to have eight mega pixels with 1000 k/s speed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It's not just the mega pixels, though, but the quality of the matrix and the depth.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	From the latter point of view, all current technologies are not good enough for us - this adds work to the algorithm designers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So it's important to remember about the resolution on the X, Y, but also the Z axis.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Speed, the number of images per second, is also very important.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Human movements are relatively dynamic, and the current 30 k/s is really not enough, especially for gestures.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Steven Bathiche from our Redmond laboratory created a touch sensor with a regulated processing delay from 1 to 100 ms, while modern serial sensors are closer to the latter indicator (60-100).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Not everyone understands how this affects the interaction between man and machine.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In my work, it would be very useful to have a device that does not require touching and would have more images per second.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Does the number of cameras need to be increased?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- In Kinect there are three cameras now, one of which is actually an infrared emitter and the second one, the recipient of the signal.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The third one is actually a regular sensor of visible range.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is not applied to determine the object's depth.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Potentially, a large number of cameras could solve the problem...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Or make it worse, by increasing the required volume of calculations.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It would be nice to create a flexible analogue Kinect, play with the flexion of camera disposition and see how this will help in three-dimensional determination of the position.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- As far as I remember, Microsoft did not present its glasses to the public, unlike Google.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Don't you think this is one of the most promising platforms from the point of view the everyday use of augmented reality technologies?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Certainly it is not very convenient to walk around with a smart phone in your raised hands all the time, but I think that the coolest option would be "transitional" augmented reality, where you could shift from glasses to smart phone, projection display, and everywhere else based on a cloud platform.
neutral	Glasses	Glasses are a very personal device, that is their strength (private things are seen only by you) and, at the same time, their weakness - augmented reality based on glasses will not allow you to work on virtual objects together with other people.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Let us imagine for a minute that manipulation of virtual holographic objects in the air is available not only to Tony Stark from Ironman, but to a regular person.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There is one problem with this idea that the critics often point out: no tactile feedback!
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Hands feel nothing!
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What answers does your group prepare to this challenge?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- In my lectures I often say that augmented reality is the seventh consecutive attempt at the interaction between man and machine.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I think that the eighth will probably be the addition of tactile sensations.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For now, one of the interesting tricks is to use the second hand as a sort of matrix for the image.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is great at registering pushes!
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But there are technologies that are really aimed at giving these "images in the air" a sense of tangibility, for example, the interference of several targeted ultrasound rays in a specific point where the finger is located gives a sensation, but very weak right now, as if someone blew on your fingertip.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There are also wrist bracelets that affect the nerve endings in fingers, which is also a promising area.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Have you tried to deceive the mind?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	To force it to think that it feels something that it should be feeling when it sees something?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- This is a good idea and we haven't tried this yet.
male	a person	It conceals one challenge that will not be solved so quickly - how to force a person, who is physically in a very limited space to believe that he is walking along an open, almost limitless space; we are working on the concept of treadmills (not at all like in clubs), moving platforms, and giant balloons.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So far deceiving the mind has had limited success, there's work for many years to come.
neutral	their very beginnings	That's what makes working on virtual reality so attractive to researchers - many things are in their very beginnings.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Judgement calls instead of culture - Rosbalt.ru
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Rosbalt continues the project St. Petersburg Avant-garde, dedicated to residents who are ahead, in the avant-garde of culture and art.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This top list already includes outstanding figures of the art scene of St. Petersburg, whose achievements reach beyond the scope of the city, often recognized in Europe, bypassing fame in Russia.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The new player in Rosbalt - the bold artist Kirill Miller.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The whole city knows Kirill Miller, a bearded man dressed all in red, who can be seen by the Russian Museum, or by the Summer Garden, or at fashionable parties and shows.
neutral	Kirill Miller's work	Kirill Miller's work always brings in crowds of people, no matter where they are exhibited.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Kirill Miller is one of the purely St. Petersburg social and philosophical storytellers and creators of new mythology.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Kirill Miller is an outstanding man of the St. Petersburg avant-garde of the late 80's early 90's.
male	everyone's spirit	Moreover, he is a city man, who makes people smile on the street and lifts up everyone's spirit.
male	St. Petersburg	Recently he took up the street organ and became St. Petersburg's music man, because he was ready for this complex role with all his Bohemian existence, philosophy and image.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Kirill, why do you walk around the city all in red, not yellow or turquoise, for example?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- I chose the colour red as a fashion designer engaged in look and image.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In this world, red is a compromise between artist, image-maker and society.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Although in society, everything that is not grey causes aggression and agitation of the bad kind.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But my provocations are aimed at starting conversation.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The whole history of my provocative actions is an invitation to discussion.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- When did you realise that you must be an artist?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- At an exhibition in the Nevsky House of Culture, where my work was displayed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It became clear to me that this is my path.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Then, the wave of older free, unofficial artists was gone, while new, free artists like me were not understood.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I became friends with the artists of the new wave, with post-Gaza-Nevsky style artists ("post-gazonevschina"), which led to Pushkinskaya-10, and the wave was no longer.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I'm drawn to theatre, clothing, music, all genres except for literature.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- And all this has been united in your Art-clinic... - It was important for me to find myself in the centre of the culture of St. Petersburg, where all the best creative forces should come together.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In 1995, I occupied the territory on Pushkinskaya-10, and while the renovation work had not started, there was a musical and creative club, a Bohemian club, the house of the St. Petersburg Bohemia.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Many were born there: NOMy, Tequila Jazz, I remember when Shnur was brought there with the Van Gogh's Ear project.
neutral	Shnur	Shnur and his friends lip sang easy songs, wearing tight leotards, and the now trendy composer Igor Vdovin was with them.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	When the group began to play live, it became Leningrad.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Trakhtenberg was the presenter of many programs before Hali-Gali times.
male	Trakhtenberg	We gave them Trakhtenberg, and a great career was on its way, but the basic education and mentoring he received from us.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Gallery D 137, Griboyedov club - all these echo the Art-clinic.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That is where our staff and regular customers left for.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I am a hero of the last century, when culture meant something.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In 2000, there was a poll in the press, for the People of Our City prize.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I was nominated Artist of the Year, my climax came to an end.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the new times, it is uncomfortable to work by old rules. I'm a man of truth, honesty and culture of the last century.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In our time, it is easy to become popular, but culture and popularity are different. You can be popular, but not very cultural.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Your work is marked by a recognizable style.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Many of my works are hits, with clearly reflected relevance and acuity.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I will have a programme exhibit, "Russian museum in clowns."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Clowns are a timeless category.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I was social before, now it is painful and scary to be like that.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But everything is blurred in clowns, tragedy is removed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I like grotesque, I have grotesque ideas.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For example, saving the world by totalitarian changing of clothes by order.
neutral	their inner qualities	Nowadays, people are judged by appearance, not their inner qualities.
male	his hand	Who knows, maybe you cannot shake his hand, and need to spit in his face.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And the lie will go away with the help of changing clothes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Recently we saw you in the role of music man. - A cultural city should have such a character.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Who fits the role better than I?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Maybe commercial art can also be beautiful?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Nowadays, commercial art should be neat, considerate, sweet.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There is a disintegration of cultures.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	People used to get together in flocks, Bohemians liked one thing, the simple people, something else.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Now, everybody is divided into micro societies, it's hard to be liked by everyone.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I am not a hundred dollar bill to please all.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Now you have to think who you will please.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Now, each cult hero has 100 fans.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- But several thousand come to Stas Mikhailov!
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- The cast-outs go to see him, the sexual-social sphere is at work there.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But 300 people will come for culture, not 10,000. In the end, there's less management, money, everything dies out.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I have fans; the main thing is not to betray them, not to spoil what I have earned.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In my youth, I painted such art that one collector had it hanging on the same wall with Falk and Larionov.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I started with paintings, which people usually end with.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Concepts are often mixed up these days.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	People say: spiritual culture, consumer culture.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There is no culture in consumerism, it's "from another opera."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I am a man of yesterday's culture. I grew up on examples of artists who lived poor and died in poverty, refused money for the sake of painting.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is the culture I'm for.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Kirill, what is St. Petersburg missing?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Good cultural experts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There is such a thing: an official for culture.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But not everyone can be engaged in culture.
neutral	Kings	Under the right rulers everything was different. Kings may not have understood culture very well, but they understood that they needed to stick with the right experts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There are good consultants in Moscow right now.
neutral	these experts	Here in St. Petersburg, there are people who could be experts, but they are pushed to the side, because more advanced experts are needed, who will correctly evaluate these experts and give way to them.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Judgement calls are what thrive now.
neutral	Even Erart	Even Erart, but they're different because they say honestly that we don't accept all modern art. There are some artists, who need to find other museums for themselves.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- What does St. Petersburg mean to you?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- St. Petersburg is not a cultural capital, Moscow has much more culture, there is bedrock there.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It's hard for art to grow on our rocks.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We need cultural bedrock, but we now have more writers than readers. This is wrong.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Europe, there are many curious people, who go to art exhibits, concerts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Here, this layer is thin.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We need to make art fashionable, as it was in the beginning of last century.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The project is supported by the St. Petersburg grant.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Give birth in space
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The earth is in danger.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Global warming or an encounter with a killer asteroid.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Caravans of cosmic ships with humans on board leave in search of a replacement planet.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	To save humanity, the question is how to propagate our race in conditions of weightlessness or on that replacement planet?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I think the choice is small.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There are only two actual planets that can be explored even hypothetically.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Venus and Mars," says Senior Researcher of the P.K. Shternberg State Astronomy Institute (GAISh) Vladimir Surdin.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But while conditions on Mars are more appropriate for life, Venus has 500-degree temperatures.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Life is possible only at a high altitude or on the orbit of Venus... in space.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The question of reproduction in space began with flora.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Half a century ago, experiments were run on plants.
neutral	Four generations	Four generations of peas grown in orbit were no different from their earth counterparts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Then, insects were bred in orbit, small fruit flies.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In 1979, quail eggs were sent to space, to check how an embryo develops in weightlessness.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We get an absolutely normal chick.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But then the problem begins.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"The problem is related to the fact that this chick needs to find support, needs to get on its feet and start moving," explains head of the laboratory of the Institute of Medical and Biological Problems (IMBP) RAN Vladimir Sychev.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Having found no support, chicks were tumbling around in disorder.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	After 10 hours, the newborns experienced complete atrophy of instincts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Chicks did not react to light and sound.
neutral	the problem	And the problem was that they simply died after four days.
neutral	chicks	"We bred chicks twice there, and then stopped, because it is impossible to work with them there," says Vladimir Sychev, confirming the failure of the experiment with chicks in space.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The last biological "mini-ark" with animals flew into orbit 16 years ago.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In spring 2013, experiments will continue.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, only same-sex beings will be on the Bion bio-satellite.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There was an experiment with rats, who were sent to space with foetus.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In principle, there was nothing extraordinary there.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"This was on bio-satellites, but again, it was a singular experiment and such research needs to be conducted," says Vladimir Sychev.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	After landing, the cosmic rats had babies.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But it's hard to solve the problem of reproduction directly in space.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It's not an easy task.
neutral	Animals	Animals simply cannot follow their sexual instinct, when they're out of their familiar environment.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In principle, people, unlike animals, can.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Homo sapiens have abstract thinking, and are able to create a fitting emotional background.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Such experiments are not conducted for ethical reasons.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But women have been flying to space for 50 years.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The biggest risk was for Tereshkova.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The most valuable thing for humanity is the female body.
female	Seagull	Our "Seagull" left and nobody on earth could tell whether she would be OK after flying to space.
female	this flight	Whether she will be able to give birth after this flight.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Nobody answered this question," says rocket and space industry veteran, Vakhtang Vachnadze.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In June 1964, only a year after flying to space, the first woman in space Valentina Tereshkova gave birth to a daughter.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The child's father, Andrian Nikolaev, was also a cosmonaut.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In 1988, the second woman cosmonaut, Svetlana Savitskaya, who went into orbit twice and even worked in open space, gave birth to a son.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, the risk remains.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We have few, very few cosmonauts, who were OK and had healthy children after long flights.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"What's more, it is dangerous even for orbital flights," adds pilot and cosmonaut, Hero of the USSR, Hero of Russia, Valery Poliakov.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And yet, humanity needs to seek out some new avenues in biotechnologies, protection from radiation, creation of artificial gravity.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Hydro-laboratory of CPK - mandatory phase of training for a flight.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Here, cosmonauts practice skills of working in open space in zero-gravity conditions.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Water imitates weightlessness.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If for adults water is a foreign medium, although comfortable, for infants it is a native element.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Small amphibians seem to confirm that life came to land from the ocean.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There is a connection with the fact that an infant spends about 9 months in amniotic fluid in the womb; it is easier to get used to water after that.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In principle, it is logical, because only two weeks pass from birth until the first bathing.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"This is very little time to forget something," says infant swimming instructor Marina Aksenova.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In other words, if for a newborn weightlessness is more natural, a woman needs gravity, earth's pull.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Stomach and pelvic muscles usually quickly degenerate in weightlessness; the ability to push out the embryo is reduced.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Well, let's assume that childbirth stimulators will work out.
female	the baby	Maybe she will push out the baby in a special room.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Then what?" - asks Valery Poliakov about this non-trivial issue.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On the other hand, a baby also needs artificial gravity.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	When a body does not feel the earth's pull, it does not form the skeletal and muscular system.
neutral	adults	It is not possible to dress a newborn in orbit into a special loading suit for training, as they do with adults.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He will simply not have what he needs to survive.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"And this experiment, that we will go for by allowing the birth of a child in a foreign environment, will lead to us bringing a handicapped, completely unadapted human to earth," predicts Chairman of the Committee on Bioethics IMBP RAN Igor Pestov.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For the moment, birth of children in space is just a theory.
neutral	space	However, with time, it will become reality, when earthlings will go to a faraway planet in their ships, and it will become the home for their offspring, who were born in space.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	NKU Head: Svarc System audit has failed because of politicians.
neutral	standard	The Czech Republic has sound control bodies and a good standard of legislation when it comes to public contracts, but it lags behind in their application.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This was said by Miloslav Kala, vice-president of the Supreme Audit Office (NKU) in an interview for Aktualne.cz.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"The Law will never be perfect, but its application should be just - this is what we are missing, in my opinion," states Kala, commenting on the current situation.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Similar conclusions are also reached by the joint audit from the Czech and German auditors.
neutral	Petr Necas	As an example of improper practice, they cite Petr Necas's approach to the so-called "Svarc System."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Prime Minister recently claimed that the ODS will not be burdening business owners with its checks - so is it forbidden or allowed?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"The Law must be set out one way or the other and if it prohibits something, then even the Government's head cannot prevent the work of its department, which is duty-bound to monitor and enforce," asserts Kala.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At the audit committee's session in the House of Deputies, you spoke about a joint project between the Czech Republic and Germany, within which legislation relating to public contracts in both countries was compared.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What exactly was this about?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is about parallel auditing, which we began around two years ago.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Simply put, this is about how European legislation governs the handling of public contracts, followed by individual state legislations and then the actual practice itself.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We brought all this together, and although the audit is not yet complete, some very interesting differences have become apparent - in general terms, our legislation might be even "more concise and complete," however the actual practice is in certain aspects better in Germany.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This confirms that creating more and more concise rules is not enough, and that attention must be paid to the actual application of these laws.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What does this project actually help you with, and what do you think its outcome will bring?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This kind of joint audit could contribute to curtailing these efforts to specify our law, to reduce and perfect boundaries, when it does not have such a positive impact.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Economy means acquiring the required thing at a reasonable (which does not always mean the lowest) price, so that profiteering and possible criminal proceedings may be avoided.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, just because we have reduced the order limits, does not mean something will be procured.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The system might become overloaded with the amount of paperwork, and those, who wish to look for loopholes in it, will be able to take advantage far more easily than if the limits had remained higher.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These are domestic problems about the practical implementation of legislation relating to public contracts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	How does the audit system work in Germany?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Is there an office like the NKU, or is it organised differently?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As far as the office is concerned, the Bundesrechnungshof functions like our NKU, and it is organised like ours, it also has a committee although it is appointed slightly differently, but basically both offices operate similarly.
neutral	Germany	Powers are also similar to a degree, though of course Germany is organised federally, so these courts of auditors are also at the member state levels - in this respect their system slightly differs from our own.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The BRH can only audit federal money, known to us as state funds.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Public funds, which, for us, are administered by regional and municipal authorities, are audited by the federal courts of auditors there.
neutral	legislation	When it comes to their legislation, is it more straightforward than ours?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Overall, I would not like to make a comparison without any specific data, nevertheless in certain respects Germany serves as an example, but it certainly cannot be said that it is better in every aspect.
neutral	better enforcement	Is this because, perhaps, they have better enforcement?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That is certainly not true, but again, I prefer not to make such comparisons.
neutral	a whole range	It should be said that even in a country we perceive as exemplary, they encounter a whole range of problems.
neutral	the case	If that were not the case, they would gain nothing from working with our office, would they?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Coming back to domestic legislation, what did the amendment to public contracts legislation mean for your office, is its impact being felt already?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The period since the amendment came into force has been quite short, so it has not manifested itself in our audit work yet.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Since we carry out our audits ex-post, a certain delay has to be taken into account.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As yet, we have only observed it within the process of preparing future audits - we have launched our new "fiscal failure risk detection" system, with which we have processed almost 14 thousand public contracts, and these have been analysed - that is where changes will clearly be seen, because of the changed limits, the adjusted conditions governing certain types of selection processes, and so on.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So do you see the adoption of this legislation as a benefit, or rather as another burden on the bureaucratic system?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I believe this legislation is a step in the right direction, and I hope this will be confirmed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A problem, which may arise here, is that the law becomes "too constrained" and will not be enforceable.
neutral	their audit provider	Under the previous rules, parties being audited were already bound by their audit provider (for example, in the case of regional operational programmes, the regional office) to the fact that every infringement of public contracts law means a breach of budgetary discipline.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Is it worth constraining the law in this way, in that case?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I do not think this is the way.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The system should prevent those who want to attack and abuse it, but not penalise those, who make a mistake on a technicality, which does not affect the final decision.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This kind of system will only increase pressure on bureaucracy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So how can we get out of this?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Let's see where this dead-end takes us.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Prime Minister recently said the ODS will not be burdening businessmen with audits of the so-called "Svarc System" - what does this mean?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Is the Svarc System prohibited or allowed?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Law must be set out one way or the other, and if it prohibits something, then even the Government's head cannot prevent the work of its department, which is duty-bound to monitor and enforce.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He may say: "Let us change this law and relax it," but he cannot say we should pretend it is not there.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The law on public contracts has relatively strict rules about the formalities which must be adhered to - which is the right way to ensure public tenders are protected.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On the other hand, it is a tragedy, when a bidder with the best offer is excluded on a technicality.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Law will never be perfect, but its application should be just - this is what we are missing, in my opinion.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Roads are icy in places, but mostly passable.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In several places in the Czech Republic, the main roads are icy and snowy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, the majority of roads are passable, with extra care needed in places.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Carlsbad region
neutral	roads	In the Carlsbad region, the roads have been usable this morning, though in some places they were icy and snowy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The temperature has dropped to between five and ten degrees below zero, though it is expected to get warm slightly during the day.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Snowing in the region has stopped, and only a thin layer of snow remains in the lowlands.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, the ridges of the Krusne Mountains have around 30 centimetres of snow.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In some locations there is limited visibility due to mist, according to the local highway service.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The R6 high-speed motorway and primary roads in the region are now usable without restriction.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Caution is, of course, appropriate, for example, on certain bridges, where the surface can be icy and slippery.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	All secondary and tertiary roads are also passable, including mountain roads.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In certain stretches of these roads there might be remaining frozen and compacted snow patches.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Above all, at higher levels, extra care should be taken while driving.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Pardubice and Hradec Kralove region
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On some roads in Eastern Bohemia, there might be a risk of black ice, at higher altitudes and in the mountains there might be a layer of compacted snow, according to the Road and Motorway Directorate.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The highway service is warning the drivers against black ice, which might occur at higher altitudes of the Pardubice region in particular.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Black ice may occur around Lanskroun, Usti nad Orlici, Policky, Svitavy, and Vysoke Myto, and particularly on secondary and tertiary roads.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The I/43 and I/34 roads have been chemically treated around Svitavy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Snow is particularly affecting the roads in the Krkonose and Orlicke mountains.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At higher altitudes, there is a compacted snow layer on the roads around Rychnov nad Kneznou and Trutnov.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Eastern Bohemia the day will be mostly clear to partly cloudy, and dry.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Temperatures will be between minus three and plus one degree Celsius mostly, with a light wind.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Pilsen region
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The roads in the Pilsen region have been usable this morning, with extra care needed in some places. Drivers should take the weather conditions into account.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The morning will be frosty, with temperatures ranging between three and nine degrees below zero.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Due to the existing snow and subsequent drop in temperature, certain roads may be icy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Drivers should expect mist in places, though visibility will gradually improve.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This information was reported by the region's highway service.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The D5 motorway is drivable almost without restriction, but the road services recommend extra caution between the 80th and 131st kilometre marks.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Most primary road surfaces are dry and frost-free.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Southern areas of the Pilsen and Tachov regions may have icy patches.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Secondary and tertiary roads are wet, and may therefore also have icy patches.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Drivers should be cautious especially on less frequented roads in the Bohemian Forest.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Olomouc region
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Drivers should expect snow slush on the roads if heading for the higher parts of the Olomouc region.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is a result of the chemical treatment carried out at Cervenohorkse sedlo and on the way to Videlsky Kriz.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Snowploughs were brought out by falling snow overnight, the Sumperk region, according to highway maintenance, got around three centimetres of snow.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In other parts of the region, roads are mainly passable without restrictions.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"In the Sumperk region, traces of snow have remained at the highest altitudes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Drivers should expect snow slush at Cervenohorske sedlo in the direction of Jesenik," the dispatch officer for the Sumperk highway service told CTK today.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	Their Jesenik counterparts also made an outing overnight; the roads all the way to the highest altitudes are now clear and wet following the chemical treatment, according to them.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Olomouc region's roads are usable without restriction, while in the area of Sternberk drivers should beware in wooded areas, where roads have remained wet.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Usti nad Labem region, Liberec region
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Since this morning, the snowploughs have reported several places, which are difficult to pass in northern Bohemia.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Besides certain snow-covered places, or some icy frost patches, the mountain road from Telnice to Kninice in the Usti nad Labem region is also closed, according to the police database.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Temperatures remain below zero and roads are likely to remain snowy and icy. In the lowlands, however, particularly southeast of the Central Bohemian Uplands, there are no problems and roads are mostly dry.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	No traffic hold-ups have so far been reported.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Icy frost patches have been reported in particular by road maintenance around Steti.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to meteorologists the conditions for this were perfect - rain and melting snow during the day, with a clear night and freezing temperatures.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Adverse conditions are expected on the main sections of the I/13 road between the Usti nad Labem and Liberec regions.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The closure of the Telnice to Kninice road was caused by bent tree branches, which were weighed down to road level by snowfall.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Simon Ornest: At the concerts we want a fusion of positive energy
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What is your opinion on the end of the world that might come in less than a month?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is just another startler, which we like to latch on to.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Together with The Tap Tap band, we tend to joke about it, saying that we might be the only band on earth that could draw enough positive energy to hold off or avert the end of the world completely.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In December you are even organising a unique series of three concerts against the end of the world.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Can you give our readers some details on this?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is a nationwide fund-raising event, which we have been planning for the past two years.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We decided to make use of the marketing potential of the end of the Mayan calendar, due on the 21st of December at 11:10 a.m.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On the eve, the 20th of December, at 9pm, 3 concerts will take place in parallel in Prague, Brno, and Ostrava.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They will end at around the time when Kiribati Island in the Pacific, which is 12 hours ahead of us, reaches the end of the Mayan calendar.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Who came up with this idea?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Initially it was probably my idea, later we worked all the details out with our designer, Honza Augusta.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Apart from the fact that we want to collect enough positive energy to stop the end of the world, we also want to allow ourselves and the public to spare some thoughts for the state of our planet, when we, one day, hand it over to our children.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On the occasion of the end of the Mayan calendar, we have also prepared a range of unique items, shoes, t-shirts, bags, and original keys against the end of the world, which can be purchased at www.e-tap.cz to support our cause.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Tap Tap band, together with other artists, also recorded the so-called anthem against the end of the world, called "The End of the World is cancelled."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is already well received on YouTube, will it figure at the fund-raising concerts?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Of course, for the grand finale, as long as the world does not end beforehand.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It will be sung by all the artists at all the three concerts at the same time.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The anthem will also be featured in a unique live broadcast on Czech Television.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The words were written and the role of Jesus in the video clip was played by Tomas Hanak, Xindl X also sings in it...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	How did you end up working with them?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We collaborate also with other personalities of the Czech cultural scene, due to organising a lot of fund-raising events and concerts...
neutral	these projects	We try to really get them involved in these projects.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	It turns out that most of them are interested and enjoy working with us.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What will the proceeds from the concert against the end of the world go to?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Equipping the wheelchair-accessible educational Studeo centre, which is already in its sixth year, in collaboration with the citizens association Tap from the Jedlicka Institute for the disabled.
neutral	students	Tutors come in regularly to spend time with the Jedlicka Institute's students and run activities, which they enjoy and interest them.
neutral	The students	The students themselves do not have the funds to afford tutors, so we try to provide this for them in this way.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Within the construction project at the Jedlicka Institute, a separate building is planned, which we can move into with this project.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Every concert sees the appearance of several bands and artists.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	How do you select them?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We have tried to compile a programme, which speaks for all ages, including children.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For example, in Prague, Chinaski, Support Lesbiens, Illustratosphere with Dan Barta, The Tap Tap, Marian Bango and Jiri Suchy will appear.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Further details can be found at www.kpks.cz.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Are you planning any more "bombastic events" in the future?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In May, we will be making our first appearance in the Prague Spring, so we will definitely be preparing a good line-up with some interesting guests.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Next year, we would like to play at the Czech National House in New York, and I personally - since we will be in the USA - would like to build in appearances in Washington and Chicago.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Your international plans are not modest; you have already performed, for instance, in Madrid, Brussels, London, and Moscow.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Tap Tap is nonetheless a band composed of handicapped people.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	How do you cope with these journeys in terms of logistics and organisation?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is not as scary as it might seem at first.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We have five members in electric wheelchairs, which must be transported in the luggage area; we must also, of course, carry around with us a lot of luggage and instrument cases...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Nevertheless, we have so far managed it without any problems, CSA and British Airways were well prepared for us, so much so that, on occasion, I was quite surprised.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Even in Moscow, which we have just returned from, it all went smoothly.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Thanks to these international trips, you will have had a chance to compare specific accessibility issues, public attitudes to disability and so on.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What have been your experiences so far?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	After Madrid, Luxembourg, London and other places, where everything functions better than here, we have just witnessed that in the East everything is still in its beginnings.
female	a person	Compared to Prague, Moscow is rather inaccessible; it still remains unusual there for a person in an electric wheelchair to be travelling around the city centre on his or her own.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Obvious things, such as giving wheelchairs priority in lifts, are not commonplace there.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Fortunately, citizens associations are emerging there too that are trying to draw attention to the problems faced by people with disabilities.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And on the other hand, where do we still lag behind more advanced countries?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There are a lot of things, which we still lag behind on...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is important to mention that improvements to the current situation always depend on the efforts of the people who are affected.
neutral	people	In London and Madrid it is completely natural for people with serious handicaps to be independently out in public, and they can use the toilets, go to the museum, or wherever...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is less common there for large groups of people with disabilities to actively take part in social life, in this respect with The Tap Tap we are a step ahead!
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Public respect or accessibility is one thing, but it is only when we can become famous athletes, artists, actors, politicians, or lawyers that things will really begin to change.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So far there are only exceptional cases, people who are strong-willed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Tap Tap band is currently very popular, but let us look back a few years, what prompted you in 1998 to form it?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I began my job as a tutor at the Jedlicka Institute, where I was surrounded by a lot of young people, who were interested in doing something.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Since I am a musician myself - among others I play the saxophone - I started a music club with a colleague.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	With time, as our moderator Ladya Angelovic says, it has grown a little out of our control (laugh).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Your popularity has only come about in the last few years, or am I mistaken?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is true that we have been helped by creating ties to famous singers and also by our proactive work on promoting the band.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We realised that work, which goes on unseen can be like it never existed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Thanks to funds from the European Union we can even afford top quality tutors, equipment and so on.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Was it your goal to take The Tap Tap to such heights?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	From the outset, I felt there was potential to do things a little differently.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Show business is filled with things, where one imitates the other.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is logical in its own way; all new things are taken in hesitantly and take a long time.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Things, which are unique, are few and far between, but I would dare to claim that Tap Tap is one of those things.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A person's first impression on seeing you is, of course, pity - it is a natural reaction...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But that pity is simply wasted, because handicapped people are not abandoned and suffering beings, who need to be pitied.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They are people, who can fully live life and blossom, assuming, of course, that they have the right environment for it.
neutral	a person	I say that when a person with a handicap succeeds in something, it is not just progress for them but for society as a whole.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Has your success also been helped by your firm hand as a leader, as many people are suggesting?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If we want to achieve top class work, we must be uncompromising in many things and require a certain level of discipline.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I think this is to be expected.
neutral	idea	Some people come to us with a romantic idea and their head in the clouds, and when they find out they have to go to rehearsals twice a week, attend practice sessions and put up with a lot of time travelling to concerts, their enthusiasm quickly disappears.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That is how it works everywhere, with every group that wants to work and wants to achieve something.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Tap Tap band currently has twenty members.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	How many of those were present at the beginning in 1998?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Only one, Ladya Angelovic.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We are an open group, people come and people go, this is unavoidable.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Those who have the interest and the drive will always find our door open.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The event takes place the day before the end of the world is expected, on Thursday 20.12.2012 from 9pm.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The venues will be Praha Incheba, Brno Fleda, and Ostrava Plynojem with performances from 12 bands and other musicians from the Czech Republic.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	All three cities will be joined by a televised link-up at the evening's close for a united rendition of The Tap Tap's anthem "The End of the World is cancelled"
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The concert's goal is to raise funds to equip the STUDEO multi-functional wheel-chair accessible learning centre at the Jedlicka Institute in Prague in the sum of 25 million Czech crowns.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Admission fee to the concert is 400 CZK, children under 12 years of age go free, tickets on sale from Bohemiaticket.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Poland and the Cosmos.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Last week the council of ministers of the European Space Agency admitted Poland as the twentieth member of the agency, being the second nation from the former Eastern Block (after the Czech Republic, which became a fully fledged member of the ESA on the 12th of November 2008).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Poland began close cooperation with the ESA in 1994, and in the following years it has participated in a series of agency projects.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Of course, Poland's path to the space had begun much earlier.
neutral	Second World War	Polish boffins devoted their time to space flight even before the Second World War, but were not always met with understanding.
male	A Sternfeld	I look back, for instance, to the lecture of A Sternfeld in Warsaw's astronomy observatory, who, on the 6th of December 1933, presented ideas on his pioneering work Entry into space.
male	The thoughts	The thoughts of the young engineer (born 1905) left his audience cold, and years later Sternfeld remembered that only Dr. Jan Gadomski had shown an interest in his work.
male	Sternfeld	In 1934, for his work Entry into space, Sternfeld received the Robert Esnault-Pelterie and Andre Louis Hirsch prize in France.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The above mentioned Dr. Jan Gadomski (1899 - 1966) later became a strong promoter of astronomy and astronautics.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He published hundreds of articles in Polish journals, and wrote a series of books on these scientific subjects.
male	Gadomski	Gadomski became a world-known promoter of astronautics and his contribution was, notably, recognised when a crater on the far side of the Moon was named after him.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In 1925, Poland had already built a handcar which was supposed to be fitted with a rocket engine.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Unfortunately, both the project's designer, and the project's details, are unknown.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is not even clear, whether the rocket was intended to start the handcar or to slow it down.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Information about this rail track is only known from press articles of the time.
neutral	the Polish artillery	In 1933 the Polish artillery started their engagement in flying bombs.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The research was undertaken by the Weapons Technology Division in collaboration with Prof. Mieczyslaw Wolfke and Prof. Gustaw Mokrzycki.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	From the documents, it is clear that the research reached the stage of practical tests.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Of course, the advance of the German army interrupted the research.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In 1937, the concept of a photoelectric homing rocket designed by engineer Rohozinski appeared in the trade press, and in the following year The Rocket - air torpedo and flying rocket-bomb appeared, authored by Leliwy-Krywoblocki.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Both projects were destined for military use of rocket engines.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Immediately prior to the War, all projects for military use of rocket technologies were overseen by the Provisional Scientific Advisory Board (Tymczasowy Komitet Doradczo-Naukowy) that coordinated all the work.
neutral	Board	The Board was appointed in 1937, but after two years of activity their operations were ended by the start of the War.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Further work devoted to astronautics appeared in the Polish Press after the War thanks to the Polish Astronautics Company (Polskie Towarzystwo Astronautyczne).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The first reference to the company figures in the November issue of the magazine Problems in 1954, in which four in-depth articles are on the subject of astronautics.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In one of these, by Prof. Subotowicz, the establishment of a company is proposed, which would dedicate itself to astronautics.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At the time, there were already projects underway for artificial satellites and it was clear that cosmic research was an emerging sector.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	From the beginning of 1956, the Polish Astronautics Company (PTA) sought entry to the International Astronautics Federation (est. 1951) and by autumn the PTA was already a full member.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the following year, the PTA's first chairman, Kazimierz Zarankiewicz (1902 - 1959) was appointed Deputy Chairman for the International Astronautics Federation.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He served in this capacity until his death in 1959.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	From 1956, the PTA played a significant role in the successful development of meteorological rockets RM (Rakieta Meteorologiczna), which became the first Polish rocket to enable scientific research.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The first RM-1 model was completed in 1957 and the first launch took place on the 10th of October 1958.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The rocket, with a ceiling of 1800 metres, measured around 80 cm in length and weighed a little under 5 kg.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Later, the improved RM-1A version was constructed and in the summer of 1959 launch tests were initiated for the two-stage RM-2 rocket in the Bledowsky Desert.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The rocket was 1.4 metres in length and weighed approximately 11.5 kg.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A further development model was designed for real scientific work - the RM-34 rocket was to reach 14.5 km and be tasked with monitoring high altitude winds.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Of course, in 1962 further research was stopped.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The successor to the RM rocket type was the Meteor-1 rocket, developed from 1962 to 1965.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The rocket was designed as a two-stage rocket, with a total length of 510 cm and a launch weight of 32.5 kg.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Three models were developed (designated Meteor-1A, -1B, and -1C), which differed in the room available for scientific apparatus.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the Meteor-1A rocket, a space of 0.4 litres was available, Meteor-1B had 0.34 litres, and Meteor-1C had 0.62 litres.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The maximum altitude for all three models was 37km.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Between 1965 and 1968, the development of Meteor-2 was underway in the Aeronautics Institute, with its first launch tests in October 1970.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Meteor-2 rocket had a launch weight of 380 kg, and was capable of lifting a useful load of 10 kg to a height of around 60km.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Subsequently built models were the Meteor-2H and Meteor-3.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Poland's admission to COSPAR (Committee for Space Research) in 1960 should be mentioned, as well as the appointment of a national COSPAR board two years later.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Poland also participated in the Interkosmos space programme for space research on Soviet artificial satellites, and in 1978, the Polish pilot Miroslaw Hermaszewski became the second intercosmonaut after Vladimir Remkov.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Abolishing the legislation on public works is not the solution.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Last week the Constitutional Court abolished the law on public works.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The resolution caused lively public debate.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It will certainly be interesting to look at this issue from a broader perspective.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Liberally oriented financial systems in the EU, just as those in the globalised world, are based on the principle of an unregulated economic competition.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Its effect means that individual financial entities and national economic systems are in a state of permanent conflict among themselves.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The cause is the principle of free trade and free, completely unregulated movement of private capital together with uncontrolled financial speculation.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Due to significant labour cost differences (salaries) there is pressure on prices.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On this basis, it should be understood that when a supplier tries to compete in a commercial tender by importing cheap goods, "the rug is pulled" from under the competition's prices to capture a greater market share and, in this way, increase its own profits.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On a wider scale, this means most businesses must move production abroad, import cheaply from abroad, or close down. The result is high unemployment in countries where labour costs are high compared to other economies.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Since private capital is not bound by social responsibility, and therefore also not by the unemployment it causes, the social costs born by the state must necessarily increase.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The whole situation is bolstered by the businessman's complete unwillingness to pay taxes, which would alleviate the economical and social harm caused in the pursuit of profit.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The situation is so well known that there is no need for actual statistical data.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The ruthless private capital practices create particular economic situations, where the State in these countries is forced to enter in the mutual competition, aiming to artificially lower the social standard of its own citizens in order to attract foreign investment.
neutral	governments	In other words, governments stake their own citizens because of private capital while disregarding the drop in social standards.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This occurs chiefly in amendments to existing law.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The aim is to economically force the domestic population to accept prices dictated by private capital, especially in terms of salaries.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On one hand, this economic system of force, in case of long-term unemployment, on the other, restricted employee rights in the workplace.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This yields growing poverty and an increasing void between the poor and the rich.
neutral	their own wages	In Germany there are already a host of food hand-out centres for the poor, who are not able to feed themselves on their own wages.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The number of these people is already in the millions.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the name of improving the competitiveness of the German economy, it commonly occurs that properly employed people receive such a salary that the State needs to top it up to the minimum wage.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Just such a scandal was revealed in the case of auxiliary staff in the Bundestag.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The austerity measures for all the southern EU states will undoubtedly lead to the same situation, where people are pressured by a catastrophic drop in living standards to emigrate as it was in the 19th century, or to eke out an existence on starvation wages on the edge of society, in the hope that the country will eventually see some foreign investment.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At this point we have to ask where this may come from?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If it is to come from other EU states, then poverty is being shifted from one country to another, or it will not come at all, because Chinese, Indian, Brazilian, Turkish, Moroccan, Egyptian, and African labour is still at a fraction of European wages.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This applies to all of Latin America.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Liberal theory and the Media incessantly claim that the State may not participate with capital in its own economy, and that a controlled economy leads to economic ruin.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Private capital cruelly insists on the viewpoint that the State must not intervene in the economy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Thereupon, we should ask ourselves whether private capital has no influence, or whether it actually leads politics and thereby the whole country, for its own selfish ends.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Here, the answer must be yes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The proof is the existence of the almost omnipotent, and in all states, omnipresent lobby.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The result is a desperate situation manifesting itself through corruption, through mutual benefits and legislation, where almost everything is criminal, but nothing is punishable.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Germany the situation is such that state ministries, through lack of financial resources, contract out the drafting of laws to private law firms, who are basically connected with industry.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These laws are then approved in the Bundestag.
neutral	strong financial organisations	Real power does not come from the people as the Western-style constitutions claim, but from strong financial organisations that look after their own interests.
male	Appian	It is clear that liberally-orientated democracies will now quickly reach a situation, as is described by Appian in his work on the Roman Republic Crisis in the time of Cesar and Pompei: "The State was already long in complete degeneration and its offices taken by force.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	With bribery, illegal acquisition of benefits, and with stones or swords.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Bribery and corruption were rife and unhindered, and the people would vote for a result which had been bought" ..."people with principles did not run for office, so on one occasion the whole debacle meant the state went eight months without consuls.." .."There was actually talk about the only answer to this terrible situation being autocracy, and an energetic man should be elected." Appian had Pompei in mind, but it was Cesar who changed democracy for autocracy permanently.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The conclusion, just as in antiquity, the current society is built on unscrupulous tendencies for personal gain without regard to the interests of society as a whole.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Private capital in its present state is not able to understand the interests of society as a whole.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The outcome is now, as it was then, an unprecedented decadence of the elite with no attempts whatsoever on deeper reaching reforms.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The causality of the rise of the fascist and communist regimes should therefore be sought in the misguided liberalisation of the economic system in the 19th and 20th centuries.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The current state of affairs, when we consider the demise of those systems in favour of liberalised democracy as an interlude, can expect its next cycle.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The particularly catastrophic reality is that the current elite is completely ignoring the potential lost of hundreds of thousands of lives, humanitarian and social disasters, which we are already witnessing, as well as crimes against humanity, as we are familiar with from ancient and modern history.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The abolition of the law on public works is not the answer, at least not in the long term.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Under the pressure of economic competition, internationally as well as within Europe, the Government of the Czech Republic will be forced to pursue ways of lowering the population's living standards.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This pattern is thus systemic.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	To address this, there are targeted political and social reforms, which strengthen the state's capital participation in the economy, increase the people's influence over the state and weaken the monopoly held by private capital over society in favour of the state.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Israel: Chaos Lab.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Nothing comes from violence and nothing ever could," from Sting's Fragile, where one of the main verses from the refrain is "Lest we forget how fragile we are."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"If my sons did not want war, there would be none," said the dying Gutle Schnapper, wife of Mayer Amschel Rothschild in 1849.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The latest wave of violence between Israel and the Gaza strip, as always, has sparked a lot of reaction.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Some stand by Israel, arguing it has the right to self-defence, and Palestinians are portrayed as terrorists, while others support the Palestinians, claiming racism by the Israeli state, claiming that genocide is being committed against Palestinian Arabs, and that Israel is a terrorist state.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I do not want to dwell, in these repeated periodic waves of killing, on who is the transgressor and who is the victim, after all, today's inhabitants of Israel, including the self-governing territories, were born into the current political situation, and did not live through the start of the violence.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I would like to offer the readers a peek behind the scenes, a look at whom, most of all, this 95-year long tension is serving (starting from Balfour's declaration in November 1917) on this small piece of land in the Middle East.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Some of my thoughts are supported by available historical facts, while others are derived from my own understanding of who, that is, which group of people is the main source of events in modern history.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Human history is in the first instance about the struggle for power.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In every era we can find an Alexander the Great or a Napoleon.
neutral	their path	What is not quite so apparent is whether these were the people, who had chosen their path independently, or whether behind their throne stood someone who directed their actions towards a pre-calculated goal.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We must accept that we live in a time when the world's wealth is concentrated into the hands of a few individuals, and that this concentration of wealth and the power it exudes could not happen in one generation's lifespan.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Among these astronomically rich families, one stands out, which could be considered the puppet master (whether someone else stands above them, I am unsure, but I would not rule it out) - the Rothschilds.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Not much is written about them.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Understandably.
neutral	The first news agency	The first news agency (Reuters) they bought in the 90's of the 19th century, in order to prevent their name being connected with acts of high criminality, which appeared in their background and which always meant securing power, increasing wealth, or both.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They hold majority stakes in almost every central bank in the world, and against the countries, where they do not hold a stake, they are either waging or preparing for war (before the assault on Afghanistan it was 7 countries, after Iraq it was 5, after the overthrow of Kaddafi 4 remained, but in the meantime Russia submitted its central bank to the Russian Government).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Whoever attempted to defy this family died.
male	Rothschild Bank	Abraham Lincoln refused to renew the status of the central bank to the Rothschild Bank of America, and during the Civil War he began to issue his own (that is state-issued) money and was assassinated in 1865 at the theatre.
male	JFK	JFK began issuing his own money and wanted to close the Fed (Federal Reserve), and was killed in 1963, Congressman Louis McFadden was poisoned in 1936, after he had intended to sue the Fed for causing the Great Depression of 1929.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	Their thirst for global power led in the years of 1859 - 1871 to the formulation of a three-world-war plan by the freemason leader of the 33rd degree, Albert Pike.
neutral	0.5 - 1 billion people	The first war was to remove the large monarchic state bodies in Europe, the second was to remove colonial rule, especially from Great Britain, and the third will reduce the world's population down to 0.5 - 1 billion people (this number of slaves will suffice for their comfort and luxury, and will not use up so many resources), the creation of one universal faith (ecumenism is just an appetiser for this solution), and finally the seizing of absolute power.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The method, which the group of wealthy families with the Rothschilds leading the way, employ is the instigation of crises, followed by the offering of a solution (order ab chao - order from chaos).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These solutions are false, however, and always lead to a worse situation (vide establishment of the Fed, so that the crisis of 1907 would not be repeated).
neutral	the Bolshevik revolution	Thus, having succeeded in assassinating Ferdinand, the Habsburg heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, in Sarajevo thereby unleashing World War I, they destroyed tsarist Russia with the Bolshevik revolution.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The First World War ended abruptly, militarily and economically unsubstantiated, with German capitulation (the war was no longer needed to destroy tsarist Russia) and the central European powers of Austria-Hungary were subsequently dismantled.
neutral	Germany	To facilitate the inception of the Second World War, they allowed bankers and politicians to create a latent conflict situation by saddling Germany with huge war reparations, thereby making a radicalist example of the impoverished masses, it remained only to introduce a sufficiently convincing culprit and a leader with a simple solution, while also creating a multi-racial Czechoslovakia with a strong German minority to play, and indeed did, the role of a fifth colony, once the war had been ignited.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At the end of the 19th Century, the Rothschilds instigated the establishment of the Zionist movement, one branch of which strove to form the Jewish State, seeking out an area of historic Judea, Jerusalem, to make its capital (the Return to Zion).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The aforementioned Balfour Declaration formed the basis for the mass immigration of Jews to Palestine, where the first conflicts began with the local Arab population.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Terrorist attacks occurred on both sides.
male	Hitler	World War II broke out, and whether Hitler broke free from the leash, which international bankers were holding him on, or whether his actions were all part of the plan, is difficult to determine, nevertheless the suffering of European Jews in the concentration camps created the foundation to the world's acceptance of the Jewish State.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Israel was officially formed in 1948, and just as the war reparations for World War II were layed on Germany, the announcement of the State of Israel became the third war's hotbed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Provided the international bankers succeed, the Jewish Nation, as with the second, will be the victims on the front line, now together with the Arabic - or more generally, Muslim - population of the Middle East.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Israel is like a huge laboratory, a source of discord and chaos not only within the country, but on an international level (just look at how strongly people are split into supporters and opponents of Israel).
neutral	the greed	Who is the wrong-doer and who is the victim in the Palestine-Israel conflict, where injustice breeds injustice in an endless cycle of violence, while everything began from the greed of a few and their lust for global power?
neutral	Israel	Here, we must differentiate between Israel's general population and their leaders, because, just as it happens here, the international bankers introduce their own selection of candidates for people to vote for.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Israel's current prime minister, Netanyahu 'the hawk', is a typical example of a fascist politician, loyal to the international bankers, who does everything to instigate war with Iran, which would, due to its membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (China, India, Russia, Pakistan, ...) lead to a greater threat of global conflict, and through its control of the Hormuz Strait, where 20% of the world's oil must sail (the channel is only 2 miles wide), to the destruction of the world's economy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In what light stand the words, spoken by David Rockefeller in 1994: "All we need is a major crisis and the nations will accept the New World Order."
neutral	The New World Order	The New World Order in their eyes is one of master and slave.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A world where the rest of the human population serve the luxury of a handful of financial aristocrats.
neutral	A world	A world, where each new-born is implanted with a chip, which makes their existence completely subjugated.
male	his right hand	"He also forced everyone, small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on his right hand or on his forehead, so that no one could buy or sell unless he had the mark, which is the name of the beast or the number of his name.
male	the number	If anyone has insight, let him calculate the number of the beast,
male	His number	for it is man's number. His number is six hundred and sixty six."
neutral	their worst - call Hollywood	Argo: When things are at their worst - call Hollywood.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In November 1979, a mob of Islamic student demonstrators took over the American embassy in Tehran and held 52 diplomats hostage.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They were to be released in exchange for the overthrown Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, who fled after the revolution to the USA, which had actually supported his regime for several decades.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For the American administration the situation did not offer a positive solution - it could not throw the Shah overboard, because this would seriously jeopardise the trust of other allied countries.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The release of the hostages in Iran, where the revolution resulted in the establishment of the theocratic regime, could not be achieved.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This was a blow to the prestige of the United States, which was later compounded by the fiasco of attempting to free the hostages by force.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The incarcerated diplomats were finally released after 444 days, following negotiations mediated by the Algerian government.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	Their ordeal provoked a wave of solidarity and anti-Iranian feelings at home.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The debacle in Iran significantly influenced Jimmy Carter's loss with Ronald Reagan in the 1980 presidential elections.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The film Argo, directed by the actor Ben Affleck, recounts one episode in this story, which brought America a small victory.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Just before the embassy was seized, six employees escaped.
neutral	some peripeteia	After some peripeteia, they ended up in the Canadian ambassador's residence.
neutral	The CIA	The CIA, in collaboration with the Canadian authorities, succeeded in getting them out of Iran, helped by an extravagant cover story - they left on Canadian passports as members of a film crew, who were surveying locations for a sci-fi blockbuster.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A combination of genres
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The plan, conceived by "exfiltration" expert, Tony Mendez, required the assistance of Hollywood.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For the story to be believed, the film project was reported on in specialist magazines, press conferences were organised, and the fictitious production company had a real office.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The details of the operation were, for a long time, kept secret; the film draws on the memories of Tony Mendez.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Affleck's film is a peculiar mix of genres.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On one hand, there is a realistic incisive political thriller, and at the same time a "caper movie," with small victories and double-crossing - another example would be Ocean's Eleven.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The mood alternates in the film - on one side, sharp documentary-style sequences in Tehran (the title sequence shows iconic photos from news of the time, relating to the same events portrayed in the film - there are no big differences).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On the other hand, lighter sections from Hollywood, laced with irony and a little exaggeration.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Then there are scenes from the CIA headquarters and other agencies - men in suits debating the situation around meeting tables, in office corridors, over the phone...
male	Ben Affleck	Ben Affleck has managed to restart his career in extraordinary style.
male	The derided actor	The derided actor has become a respected director, and his acting is no longer the target of ironic comments.
male	The Town	Argo is his third big-screen movie, following his dark crime movie Gone Baby Gone (2007) and the thriller The Town (2010).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is also Affleck's first picture, which does not take place in the director's hometown of Boston.
male	The atmospheric feel	The atmospheric feel in different locations is one of the characteristics, which took his earlier films above Hollywood standards.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Affleck shows it in Argo, where Tehran is "featured" by Canada.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The best scenes of the film take place in the streets, in the reconstruction of real events - the opening sequence of the siege on the embassy is impressively lucid, creating at once feelings of confusion and surprise, which come flooding in, as history suddenly takes a turn.
male	Affleck	A similar effect is achieved by Affleck and his team in the fictitious scenes (the fake staff at the Tehran bazaar).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Too much action in too many places
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The director had to tackle the issue that the story being told does not offer many nail-biting scenes for the film.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What little there is, is worked well, with some occasional embellishments to reality - these do not all come off so elegantly (the scene, where a looming crisis is averted at Tehran airport by a phone call in America, followed by a chase on the runway seems quite far-fetched).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Argo's weakness is its divergence, which comes from the need to show too many events in too many places.
neutral	John Goodman	Alan Arkin and John Goodman play their roles as the Hollywood assistants with great charm; their characters deserve more room, and are not by far the only ones in this film.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Affleck's film loses the dramatic pull a little, it is a film, which can be watched with reasonable interest, its production and retro-style are evocative of thrillers from the 70's.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It does not really captivate.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As a reminder of history's particular ways and a testimony to how exaggerated the views are on the all-powerful all-controlling secret services, this will do.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Rules for blowing up balloons, for bananas and a circus
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The www.bankovnipoplatky.com server, which issues a poll every year on the most absurd bank charge, has now decided to announce a competition for "the most absurd regulation or proposal from the EU."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"We were prompted by the latest story, where the EU plans to take on a 40 percent quota of women at management level of Europe's largest companies," Patrik Nacher, the poll's organiser, told Pravo.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Among the latest nominated absurdities, for instance, is the recent decision by the European Court to unify insurance premiums for men and women.
neutral	women	Until now, women were favoured in life insurance prices, because they constitute a lower risk for insurers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Other unbelievable ideas from the EU can be nominated by anyone until the end of the year.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The actual voting will then take place until the end of February 2013," informed Nacher.
neutral	mercury thermometers	Among the controversial EU regulations, we might include the mandatory addition of bio-ingredients to fuel, which consequently harms the environment, the ban on reliable mercury thermometers just because they contain a relatively small quantity of a toxic substance, or the rules on the size of chicken cages, which significantly raised egg prices this year.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The ban on the use of the term "spreadable butter" and the withdrawal of classic light bulbs from sale had previously come under criticism.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	First rate bananas are to measure 14 centimetres
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Union's machine often makes decisions under pressure from this or that commercial or industrial lobbying group, whose demands in Brussels are usually defended by state or group of states' interests (just as the Czech Republic is promoting the demands of its banks under threat of being vetoed).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The lobby's interests were, for example, that bananas of the highest quality should measure at least 14 cm in the EU, and were not to display and "anomalous curvature."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The European Commission defended itself, saying that it was only harmonising existing disjointed national standards, which complicated trading.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Norms relating to fruit and vegetables have already been softened by the EU despite opposition from certain states, referring to the food waste caused by the existing directives.
neutral	balloons	One possible prize-winner in the poll may be the last year's EU regulation according to which inflatable balloons must be sold with a warning that children under 8 years of age may not inflate them without parental supervision.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Here, the EU pointed to an American research, which indicated that, among other toys, balloons are one of the main causes of child suffocation.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A similar restriction now applies to children under 14 years of age using party blowers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Strange ideas are conceived at home too
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Fairly absurd is the rule relating to individual European officials - everyone in the EU, who holds an official post, may not use the term Macedonia due to it being a sensitive topic for Greece, and instead the acronym FYROM (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) should be used.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Bankovnipoplatky.com server in collaboration with the Liberal Economist Association, Laissez Faire, also nominated, aside from the aforementioned absurdities, for example the Union's regulation on the volume of food provision stocks held in an EU member state.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The EU stipulated the maximum volumes of food provisions, which may be present within the CR on the day of our entry to the Union.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Czech Republic thereafter exceeded, for instance, the permitted volume of mushroom preserves, which incurred a high penalty.
neutral	certain countries	The poll's organisers were also impressed by the idea of paying certain countries because they do not have a coastline, or the suggestion of allocating funding for a request for funding.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These ideas did not come from Brussels, however, but from Prague.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"We are handicapped because we do not have the sea.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We are asking the European Union for a refund," declared the minister for agriculture, back in autumn 2004, Jaroslav Palas (CSSD).
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	His argument was that there had been a good harvest of cereals, and due to the so-called buy-out interventions, the state's warehouses were full and were forced to export.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Czech Republic is further away from a port, so according to Palas the EU should be paying us hundreds of millions of Euros.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The European Commission finally met the CR halfway by organising a tender for the purchase of cereals from countries that do not have access to the sea.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Funding to subsidise funding requests was offered to foreigners by the Ministry for Regional Development's minister, Pavel Nemec (US-DEU), specifically this was meant for making requests for funding from Brussels.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	EU: Bizarre legislation is the exception
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Regulations may well become the target of criticism among member states, but the EU's efforts at regulation, more effective operation, and development of the entire Union deserve recognition, according to a number of experts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A more important issue, according to experts, is the drawing of EU funds on projects, which have hardly anything in common with strengthening the European integration, but which was pushed through by member states during a budget meeting.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Emotions flare among Czechs when, just as other countries in the Union, the CR must fight in Brussels for the right to particular labelling on its traditional products, in which it does not always succeed.
neutral	tuzemak	The Czechs fought for six years with the Germans and Austrians to protect the labelling of their Olomoucke tvaruzky, however the tuzemsky rum, whose tradition reaches back to the 19th century here, had to be renamed tuzemak by the manufacturers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The appellation of rum can only be given to products distilled from cane sugar, and not sugar beet.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Carlsbad wafers, Pohorelicky and Trebonsky carp, and Zatec hops have been added to the official list of registered products of the EU, alongside the world-renowned feta cheese and gorgonzola, German marzipan from Lubeck, and Parma ham.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The EU's stamp of protection can also be proudly shown on Pardubice gingerbread and Horicky tubes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	People want me to save the republic, but I am an amateur, says Okamura
neutral	Senator	Senator, how does a person decide they want to run for President?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is not about me being a senator or president.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If everything in our country worked without problems, then I would not be running for any post.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I cannot watch any longer the country having been robbed over the past twenty years, thieves roaming about there and people's taxes and retirement age increasing.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I had no ambition to be a politician.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	When I see something I do not like, though, I try to find a solution to change things.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Since I have already turned forty, and I am an independent non-party man, I have no other choice to influence things but to stand for senator or president.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You have already reached the Senate, but shortly after that you are taking off for the Castle.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Are you not turning your back on those who voted for you in doing this?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I have been saying the entire time that I would fight for the Castle based on the results in the Senate's elections.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Later, I added that if I were elected as senator, I would be standing for president.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	My goal, though, is not the post, the post is a tool to allow my vision to be realised.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Therefore, I need the greatest influence, and the strongest mandate possible.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The trouble is not just that as a nation we swear in the pub or at the television, but that we trample anyone, who wants to try to change things.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Media add to this, misleading the public, and mistaking freedom of speech with freedom to lie.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For example, I was allegedly bribing reporters, or I was allegedly an advisor of Jiri Paroubek.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Let's talk about your vision.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You set out on your castle siege with a thesis on the material and criminal responsibilities of politics, and a retroactive financial disclosure of assets over twenty million.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You need to change the law for this.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As president, though, you do not have this power, and only the Senate as a whole may propose laws.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	How are you going to solve this?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	When I lobbied, as a citizen, for tour guide work to be a free trade, it was successfully carried through.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The problem is political squabbling - when someone comes with a good idea from the left or the right, it will be deliberately rejected, causing delays for the public.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As an independent non-party man, I stand a far better chance of gaining support from all parliamentary sides.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The advantage I hold is that without the political pigeonholing or dogmas I can take what is best for our country from any side, and apply it.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Do you see yourself as a person from the right, or the left?
neutral	the Czech viewpoint	From the Czech viewpoint, it seems they tend to put me to the left.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For me, it just does not matter if it is a little to the left or right.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The important part for me is moving forward.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is not about whether someone is from the left or right, I just want to bring people together.
neutral	any good public solutions	I always support any good public solutions, even if they are put forward by the KSCM or the ODS, and, in the same way, I will oppose bad ideas.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You get angry when someone calls you a populist.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Are you not confirming this with what you have stated?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	When you make a company business plan, you also have some ideal goal and vision.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You try to come close to it.
neutral	all the proposals	Some may call it populism, but all the proposals I speak about are already working elsewhere, or they have been put forward by experts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But without the support of the Parliament you will be left with just slogans.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You will not last long in politics with that.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Or do you believe that if you walk among the public and talk with them, that you will succeed, say, in passing criminal and material responsibility?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I have no alternative.
neutral	politicians	I need to convince politicians, reporters, and the public, and try to get them on my side, so we can put this through.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If I were elected president, it would not be a problem to arrange a live television broadcast, where I ask the leaders of the parliamentary parties to pass a law on material and criminal responsibility for politicians, civil servants, judges, and the Attorney General.
neutral	the case	And, as the case may be, they would need to explain why they did not want this.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	When there is a strong figure to point out the issues, it just needs some pressure on the political scene.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Take for instance the direct election of the president, it was achieved thanks to public pressure.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I will say frankly that I am an amateur, I am not a genius or an intellectual.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I am looking for allies to share my opinions and vision.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I have just started out in politics, and I am looking for a majority support for my agenda.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I will try to make things progress, but it if does not work out, in six years I will finish and return to the private sector.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It sounds a little like Okamura is trying to save the Czech Republic.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I am no saviour.
neutral	acquaintances	I know that alone I will not achieve anything, so I have asked acquaintances, whether they would run for the senate.
male	Radim Jancura	I went to Radim Jancura, who declined due to his workload.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So I, at least, support investigative journalist, Jana Lorencova, who uncovered fraudulent activity with light heating oil.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I put myself forward, because people are really discontented, but now I have my doubts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Sixty percent of people did not go to vote, and those who did mostly voted for leaders of the establishment.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the senate, there are only two independents, including me.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	People have voted for a senate that will make it difficult to enforce changes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Nonetheless, I will fight for my vision, for example, for the direct election of mayors or regional council presidents.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Are you considering having your own party?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I have not considered it yet, because I have neither the time to verify that every party member has a clean background, nor the money to do it.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I have no money even for a presidential campaign, my transparent account holds just 20 thousand.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You have no money?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You are talking about financial disclosures, but what is yours like?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I estimate my private assets to be around 60 million.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Prague, I have land worth around 25 million, an apartment worth ten million, another apartment worth eight million, an artwork collection worth around ten million, an Aston Martin worth 3.5 million, a Skoda Superb worth a million, and I have a few million in my account.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I have the Aston Martin, by the way, because it was my dream as a boy - I always liked James Bond, who drove the car, was gallant with women and also fought against evil and villainy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You drive an Aston Martin, have assets worth 60 million, but you have no money for a campaign?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You say you want to change the Republic, but you are not keen on putting your own money into it.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This does not inspire much confidence.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I do not have 15 million for a campaign.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Should I take out a loan?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I have already put 2.5 million into the campaign.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The fact that I do not have any sponsors is evidence that there is no real interest in my programme.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I have no obligation to pay for my own campaign.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The expenditure on my campaign is basically covered by the pay I will be receiving as a senator.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, I would not be able to live on it, for instance, I could not pay for my son's English school, which costs 30 thousand a month.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If I were only interested in making money, I would not be standing for election.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So you will still be in business so that you can make a living?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Did you not say you would be putting this on hold?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This depends on the rate of pay.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As I promised, my activities have been partially reduced.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For example, my deputy is taking over as the CEO of the travel agency in spring.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	People would like me to be a Samaritan, who saves the Republic.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But I must also live off something.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As a businessman, what would you usually make monthly?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Two hundred to 400 thousand, which I still do.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And if I became president, then I would end my business activity.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The full interview can be read in Saturday's issue of Pravo.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The MVRDV architects prove that true adventures are not just in the head - drawing on the example of Spijkenisse and the recently erected Bücherberg (literally "book mountain") - 2 photos
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"I think the building is fun, looks futuristic and ultimately provides something interesting to look at," said Lisette Verhaig, a passer-by at the road-side.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And Stefan Spermon, IT technician in a major firm based nearby commented: "It's definitely a thing of beauty, the building."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, I do wonder why people would need another library in this day and age.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Everyone has the Internet, an iPad and eBooks.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	No-one goes into one of these old-style libraries voluntarily nowadays, or am I wrong?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Spijkenisse, a sleepy town outside the gates of Rotterdam, which barely merits a visit, is a special record-holder.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The 80,000-resident municipality has the lowest literacy rate in the whole of the Netherlands.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In order to counteract this asinine situation, the decision was made a number of years ago to make a contribution towards general education and to recreate the seven fictitious bridges that feature on the Euro notes as pretty, painted reinforced concrete miniatures.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The success of the education offensive was limited.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And so the city fathers acknowledged that there was only one way to become master over the statistics: a library had to be built!
male	MVRDV	Winy Maas of the Rotterdam-based architectural firm MVRDV, master of audacious bar charts and producer of humorous and often cynical buildings, took the project on with his customary composure, and turned up at the competitive hearing in 2003 with five books under his arm and a grin on his face.
male	Maas	And with the judging panel still looking at him with bewilderment, shrugging their shoulders, the impertinent Maas stacked his chosen props by order of size to form a pyramid and rounded off his presentation - now suitably backed up with action - with the words: "Dear Municipality!"
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So this is my suggestion for the Spijkenisse Book Mountain - for the so-called Boekenberg!
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Nine years later, the 30-million-euro mountain has been lifted up.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is part of a revitalisation project, which also includes an underground car park, a supermarket, a post office and a small number of adjacent apartment buildings and terraced houses, with a total of 50 dwellings.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At the beginning of November, the Bücherberg was awarded second place in the "Best Library of NL 2012" competition.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In addition, the project is also nominated for the Dutch National Wood Award 2012.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Thus, the faceless small-town retort, that until now had nothing more to offer than a post-modern pedestrian area and a stunningly ugly town hall, behind whose white facades one would expect to find a dairy plant, has been bolstered by a piece of contemporary architecture.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	First and foremost, however, Spijkenisse now has its first public cultural building in the history of its existence.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The long journey to the book
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The first impression: the Eldorado of books beneath a cheese dome.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There is in fact a lift that climbs through the centre of the mountain massif, however, the true joys of space and literature are revealed when scaling the topography on foot.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The interior space, glazed throughout, is bright and open, the fired clinker floors and the elegant street lamps speak the unmistakable language of a public town square.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The urban ambiance is perfect.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You are already on the lookout for a park bench, a dog, and boys and girls playing football.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And everywhere there are books, books, books.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Normally book shelves run along the facade, and in the centre there is a large, dark space, which is usually unpleasant and impersonal," says Winy Maas.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We turned the classical spatial configuration on its head and turned the reading area inside out.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The interior of the Bücherberg is cleverly used: in the centre there are offices, an Internet library, a chess club, an environmental centre and the central technical support room.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	One particularly special feature are the black book shelves, which simultaneously act as wall cladding, parapets and railings for the stairway.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The appearance, feel and scent are foreign.
neutral	Even die-hard architects	Even die-hard architects and construction engineers shake their heads at the unknown construction materials.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Here we wanted to work with recyclable materials," explained Joop Trouborst, Project Manager for the Municipality of Spijkenisse, on request of the Standard.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And thus one day we stumbled across a suitable waste product used in agriculture, on a Frisian farm.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For many years, millimetre-thick artificial fabric has been used in greenhouses and fields in the Netherlands as a base layer.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is inexpensive and saves time.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The thin textile lasts for two seasons and is then disposed of as bulk waste.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For the library, the fabric was - for the first time in these quantities - pressed into four-centimetre-thick boards.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Under heat and pressure, the so-called Landbouw plastic (KLP) changes colour to a dark, homogeneous and robust material, that smells like a mixture of new car smell and the smell of trainers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	After 105 steps you have reached the summit.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At the end of the 500-meter-long journey, you are rewarded in the Literature Café, not only with a fantastic view of the city, but also with Dutch croquettes and potted ficus trees.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These provide atmosphere, but most importantly, regulate the air humidity in the literary mountain range.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Donations for the new soul
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"You would hardly believe it, but this building, in spite of the many glass panels, is a showcase project in the area of ecology," said Trouborst.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is heated and cooled using geothermal heat.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Although the Bücherberg has a glass cover, the sun only shines only briefly into the interior, even on sunny days.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The broad, laminated wood glue beams positioned at right-angles to the glass facade, provide shade and absorb the majority of the sunlight.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The indoor temperature is very pleasant.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The rest is taken care of by fully automatic roller blinds.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Stefan Spermon, initially a sceptic of the IT sector, has already ventured into the new library.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Lisette Verhaig has also visited already.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So too has TCM-teacher, Cynthia Bogarde, who even refers to the Boekenberg as Spijkenisse's "long overdue soul."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The reason: At the inauguration just a few weeks ago, every citizen was invited to donate a book from his/her personal collection.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This was, for the time being, to fill the optical gaps in the not yet fully stocked library - currently there are 70,000 items.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The concept has been a success.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The shelves are full to capacity.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Nothing is worse than a half-empty library," said architect Winy Maas.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"I think that, thanks to our invitation, every resident now has a certain bond with this new building.
neutral	the building	Everyone knows that their book is part of the building.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Even if it's just for decoration.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As such, MVRDV have succeeded in mastering the master discipline that specialist jargon refers to as the formation of identity.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Spijkenisse has written literary history.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However young and uneducated it may be.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is ultimately a starting point for identity.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Szabo: "Germans must play a greater role"
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the vote on the incorporation of Palestine, Germany abstained from voting.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to Stephen Szabo, Expert in US-European relations, in so doing Berlin is walking a thin diplomatic line.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Deutsche Welle: At the beginning of the week, Germany had initially signalled that it would vote against the Palestinians' application for observer status within the United Nations.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, Berlin subsequently abstained from voting.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Why?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Stephen Szabo: Germany does not support what the Israelis have done in Gaza.
neutral	Israel	Now, however, due to their special relationship with Israel, Germany must be cautious.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At the same time, however, I do not believe that it supports the American position either.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Germany wanted to demonstrate its independence - albeit without being too critical of Israel.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	During the uprising in Libya in March 2011, Germany likewise abstained from voting, when it came to establishing a no-fly zone.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This was ultimately implemented by NATO.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Does Germany find it difficult to adopt a clear position when it comes to important international affairs?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Yes, it does.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That is because it has just reorganised its foreign policy, indeed moving away from a policy that was, so to speak, managed by the USA, in favour of a German foreign policy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This situation is aggravated by the fact that the Europeans do not have a coherent and standardised policy.
neutral	The Germans	The Germans thus find themselves caught between two fronts.
neutral	a more independent role	It is expected of them that they play a more independent role, yet this is something that they are not accustomed to.
neutral	a "more normal" foreign policy	I believe that they are still finding their way in this role, but they are en route to a "more normal" foreign policy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A foreign policy similar to that of France, or Great Britain.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So what specifically does a "normal" foreign policy entail, from a German perspective?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It shows a willingness to adopt positions on international matters, which are independent of those of the USA or European partners.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I believe that the German foreign policy is motivated by the economic policy, that is, by export and its relations with certain regions such as Russia, China or the Near East.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Germany's economic interests are to a certain extent different from those of the other major powers and therefore Germany must protect its interests.
neutral	the UN	Have these economic interests had an influence on their attitude towards the Near East conflict and their voting in the UN?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On the one hand, Germany has major revenue markets in the Near East, and particularly in the Gulf States.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Therefore it must be careful not to affront the public, but also the elite in the Arabic countries.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In any case, this plays a role.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, I wouldn't want to ascribe too much weight to this. This is not an entirely one-sided relationship.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Nonetheless, it does play an important role in Germany's considerations.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Has Germany damaged its relations with the USA, by abstaining to vote on important decisions, such as the vote on Palestine?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I think that in Europe, and even in the USA, a great understanding for the German position prevails.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Therefore I do not think that this was as dramatic a fracture as was the case in the matters regarding Libya.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Perhaps it will even earn Germany a certain degree of respect.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	After all, it signals that the country must be taken seriously as an international player and that its interests must be considered.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Europe there are diverse opinions regarding the Palestinian initiative.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The USA, on the other hand, have spoken out clearly in favour of a veto.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Are there differences of opinion between the USA and the many European nations?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Due to the American domestic policy, these differences have always existed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I think that secretly, the government under Obama actually has a great deal of understanding for the European situation.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, due to the political situation here, the government is naturally unable to voice this position publicly.
neutral	the actual differences	It is my belief that the actual differences in opinion are not so vast as they always appear.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If you look at the relations between Obama and Prime Minister Netanjahu, Obama is really not quite so enthused by Netanjahu's policies.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Does Germany find it difficult to reconcile its close relations with Israel and the USA on the one hand, and the position of its most important partners in the EU on the other?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I think that this is precisely what makes things so difficult for the Germans.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It would of course be a little simpler for the Germans if there were a coherent and standardised European policy, which is currently not the case.
neutral	a wider authority	Thus they are unable to be part of a wider authority and must instead drive matters forward from their own position.
neutral	Euro	This is precisely what they are doing with the Euro.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I believe that in the future Germany will take on a leading role in urging Europe towards a standardised European position.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is, of course, no simple task for Germany, on account of its relations with Israel.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This has always been a sensitive subject.
neutral	a more independent role	Yet I do think that Germans are clear that they must play a more independent role.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Does Germany view itself as playing the role of an important international player - does Germany actually want to assume a leading role?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Or does Germany still find leadership roles difficult?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Germany is still not used to it, the country continues to be uncomfortable and, for obvious reasons, still finds it difficult to play a more prominent role.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If we look at the Euro crisis for example, every time that Germany assumes a more prominent role, various anti-German feelings become apparent.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This does not make matters simple for the Germans.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is actually the same old problem: one does not want to be surrounded by hostile countries.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	From this stance, Germany is in a much more difficult position than the USA.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It must be receptive to the most diverse of neighbours and opinions, and this is not easy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The influence of the USA over European politics is continually diminishing, yet the EU is currently not feeling this vacuum, so who is filling the gap?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Germans will simply have to play a greater role.
neutral	vie	Even if they do not like it, even if it is uncomfortable and makes them even more unpopular - c'est la vie!
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Stephen Szabo is associate director of the Transatlantic Academy in Washington, an institute in which academics and political experts from Europe and North America come together to research the challenges of the transatlantic community.
male	Szabo	Szabo is also a member of the German Marshall Fund, in which he has specialised in German policy, US foreign policy and transatlantic relations.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Brand protection" in China: When Puma and Armani suddenly become Chinese
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Armani is a world-famous brand, Polo Ralph Lauren likewise.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, what is Armani Polo?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Behind this name hides a fully officially registered brand in China, however, one that has nothing whatsoever to do with the original companies.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Nonetheless, it is enjoying protection, provided the actual creators of the names do not sue.
neutral	any rights	And even then it is not clear whether they will have any rights.
neutral	Far East	"It is becoming increasingly more difficult for foreigners to protect their brands in China," said Thomas Pattloch, lawyer within the Taylor Wessing law firm, who specialises in copyright infringement in the Far East.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Every week a new case lands on my desk.
neutral	copycats	All the copycats require are a few additional letters in order that they can register their brands.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Thus Gucci simply becomes Lu-Gucci, Prada-Kny is registered in place of Prada.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	German companies are also 'legally' copied in this manner, such as manufacturer of sporting apparel, Puma.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Pattloch opens a file containing registrations with the trademark office in Peking.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On 14 September 2010 a Chinese company copyrighted the brand name Zegna DF Puma there, an alias that also helps itself to the name of fashion retailer Ermenegildo Zegna.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The fact that the Chinese are world champions in copying and infringing on intellectual property is well-known.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the major cities there are multi-level department stores that sell counterfeit goods almost exclusively.
male	Pattloch	Pattloch's cases, however, are slightly different: on behalf of his clients he takes action against the fact that Chinese companies can be granted the right to use a name by the trademark office, fully officially, which is already protected elsewhere.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Chinese call this "Bang Mingpai," a passenger brand.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The word is based on "Bang Dakuan."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This refers to women who latch onto rich men.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Chinese authorities are unaware of any wrongdoing.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"This harms business and we must fight against it," challenges Pattloch.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"The brand is watered down, its uniqueness disappears - the image damage is enormous."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The financial losses and process costs of the affected branches amount into the millions, especially in the case of expensive flagship products.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to information from market research company CLSA, with a volume of 15 billion euros annually, China is the third largest market for luxury items, and the fastest growing.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, the deletion of dubious entries in the trademark registry are difficult to achieve, and cost a pretty penny.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The process can last for up to nine years, with an uncertain outcome.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Pattloch reports of instances whereby the court dismisses cases, because after a long period of time, the name to which the objection is being raised has become a "market reality."
male	complainant	If the complainant is unlucky, he may even have to pay the plagiarist money for having infringed on his trademark in China, said Pattloch.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Sometimes the law of the jungle prevails here.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Famous cases also relate to graphic elements.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In 2009, Daimler lost a legal battle with the construction machinery manufacturer Sany, the company that recently acquired German concrete pump manufacturer Putzmeister.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Even today, the Chinese company is therefore permitted to use an emblem that resembles the Mercedes star.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Volvo-purchaser Geely originally used a blue and white logo that resembled the BMW logo; the dispute was arbitrated and Geely was forced to change it.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Fashion house Lacoste lost a suit in China against copycats from Hong Kong and Singapore, who were using the famous crocodile looking in the other direction.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Chinese authorities are unaware of any wrongdoing.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The CTMO trademark office in Peking does acknowledge that there were bottlenecks in 2010 due to limited staffing and equipment.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the past year, however, things reportedly "returned to normal following this emergency situation regarding the work flow."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Thus the stock of unprocessed appeal proceedings was reduced by 22 percent.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Almost 57,000 such cased were closed, 75 percent more than in the previous year.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Nonetheless, there are still 81,500 appeals waiting to be resolved in the office.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	To remedy this is very expensive
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As is so often the case in China, the figures are imposing.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the past year, more than 1.4 million applications for trademark protection were submitted to the CTMO, almost one third more than in 2010.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is a record and means that China, for the tenth time in succession, is the global leader when it comes to new trademark applications, informed the authority.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The same applies for the inventory of valid trademarks, totalling 5.5 million in number.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In 2011, 1.8 billion yuan in fees were received.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Put simply, this means that each application costs on average 1,280 yuan, or 160 euros.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	To appeal against an application costs many times this amount, as can be seen in the case of the German family business, Freudenberg.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For more than seven years, the group has been contesting against a Chinese plagiarist.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Germans did in fact manage to expose the company's illegal manufacturing of copied motor vehicle parts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, the copycat still secured the Chinese rights to the Freudenberg brand.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is something we missed ourselves, as family names cannot be protected in Germany, said Hanno Wentzler, Chairman of the Board of Management at Freudenberg Chemical Specialities in Munich.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The CTMO trademark office then also dismissed the Munich-based company's appeal.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the next two instances, Freudenberg was proven right, however the opposing party continues to contest the matter to this day.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You have to pay extremely careful attention.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The matter is now pending before the Supreme Court.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Wentzler is confident that the matter will be brought to a positive conclusion and praises the professionalism of the courts.
male	The process	However, he also says: "The process is extremely expensive and takes a lot of time, money and nerves."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The internal costs can barely be calculated, the company archive even had to look through century-old records in order to provide proof.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Five years ago Freudenberg unsuccessfully offered the opposing party a "high six-figure sum in euros" as settlement.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"This shows how much this is worth to us," says Wentzler.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The dangers in the Far East even threaten to spilling over, back into Europe.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Particularly if imitators secure unprotected brand names there.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For example, a Chinese manufacturer wanted to register the Freudenberg label for shoes and leather in Germany.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is a business sector that the group had long vacated, yet nonetheless managed to prevent the registration.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"You have to pay extremely careful attention," says Wentzler.
male	Pattloch	Both he and Pattloch advise companies to be very careful when conducting business with China.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is not sufficient to rely on international trademark rights, rather foreigners should also register "everything" that is in any way worthy of protection in China as well," said Wentzler.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Otherwise costs can be much more expensive than the registration fee.
neutral	Freudenberg	In actual fact: if Freudenberg were to loose at the final hurdle of its trademark drama, they would probably have to pay the opposing party license fees for the use of their own name, explained Wentzler.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Or alternatively we would be forced out of the market in the respective sector.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	World AIDS day: Stomp, sing, help
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Heidelberg, the Imbongi choir is rehearsing - and in the Swaziland, AIDS orphans are delighted.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The history of a link that overcomes far more than a distance of 8,733 kilometres.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	First of all, the stamping: cowboy boots, basketball shoes, ladies' pumps and men's loafers attempt to find the beat on the parquet floor, and quickly do just that.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	One-two-three-four.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Only then do the voices of the singers slowly swell - alto, bass, tenor and soprano surge, beguile and haunt.
male	Fiete Hopf	And Fiete Hopf, the 29-year-old conductor, almost rises up out of his shoes as he brings the ensemble together with his smooth, yet wild gestures.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is Monday evening and in the music room of the Institute for Medical Psychology in Heidelberg the Imbongi Choir are practising a new song.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The fifteen singers, aging from 23 to 69 years old, range from human geneticists to the maintenance man.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Om'Obani" is by no means a simple piece, with each voice having a different text, and in an extremely foreign language at that: Zulu, which is spoken by eleven million people in South Africa, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique and in parts of Swaziland.
neutral	others	Helping others to help themselves
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There are around 34 million people infected with HIV around the world, as according to the estimations of Unaids, the United Nations' programme to battle AIDS.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Of these, 23.5 million live in South Africa.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Swaziland, there are 245,000 AIDS orphans.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Meanwhile, more than 40 percent of the population are HIV positive.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Voices for Africa Association has found sponsors in Germany for 180 AIDS orphans in the village of Esitjeni.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	70 of these attend a secondary school.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For 15 or 20 euros per month, you can become a sponsor.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This guarantees the child money for school, a school uniform and a warm meal each day in the Gogo Centre.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Zulu, Imbongi means storyteller or worshipper.
neutral	no-one	In this region, no-one can speak the Bantu language fluently, but they can sing it.
neutral	the South	For almost ten years the choir has been practising songs in this foreign, 'soft' language, and now and then they bring them back to where they originally came from: the South of Africa.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For an 8,733-kilometre flight away from Heidelberg, in the north west of the Swaziland Kingdom, lies the village of Esitjeni, which relies on the vocal power of the German choir.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Forty percent are infected.
neutral	Around 2,000 people	Around 2,000 people live there, some still in simple mud and straw huts, and the majority of them are children.
neutral	HIV	More than 300 of them no longer have parents, as they succumbed to the HIV virus.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Esitjeni you get a small foreshadow of the illness from which all of Swaziland is suffering: according to Unicef, the region has the highest HIV infection rates and the lowest life expectancy in the world.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Circumcision, which has been proven to reduce the risk of contracting the virus by half, is barely practised by the population.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	More than forty percent of people in the Swaziland carry the immunodeficiency virus, and dying in you mid-thirties is by no means rare.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On a group trip to Africa in early 2005, the Choir visited the village, but first and foremost, the Imbongis saw many children on the streets, lacking not only in parental care but in practically everything else as well: food, clothing, education.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Without a school leaving certificate, there are barely any opportunities, particularly in a poor country.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Initially it was the private commitment of individuals to send a child to school and enable him/her to have one warm meal a day for a few euros per year.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, just one year later, the choir established the "Voices for Africa" Association, which since then has been looking after the AIDS orphans in Esitjeni at an almost professional level.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Facts on sexually transmitted infections.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What are the most important sexually transmitted diseases?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Bacterial STIs include syphilis, chlamydia and gonorrhoea.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Common viral STIs are HIV, human papilloma viruses, herpes genitalis and hepatitis.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Crabs and scabies belong among the parasitic STIs.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Who are the main affected groups?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Syphilis and gonorrhoea occur primarily in men that have intercourse with other men.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Robert Koch Institute understands that at least four in five of all syphilis cases reported in Germany are transmitted by means of sexual contact between men.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Among heterosexual adults, chlamydia infections, trichomoniasis, candidiasis (fungal), gonorrhoea and human papilloma viruses are frequently occurring sexually transmitted diseases.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The spread of HIV among heterosexual adults in this country is relatively low; however, around 20 percent of newly contracted cases of HIV are found in this group.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Among young people, chlamydia infections are much more common than in other population groups.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to European surveys, three quarters of all infections affect young people between the ages of 15 and 25.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In this country, human papilloma viruses are also frequently found in young people.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	How has the number of infections developed?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Not all sexually transmitted diseases are notifiable.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to the Robert Koch Institute, the number of syphilis infections has more than doubled from 1,697 cases in 2001, to 3,698 cases in 2011.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The number of newly contracted cases of HIV has been on the decline since 2007.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In 2011 there were around 2,700 cases.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is around one tenth fewer than the previous year.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Which symptoms indicate a sexually transmitted disease?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The infectious diseases can cause ulcers in the genital area, discomfort when urinating, discharge, lower abdominal pain and blisters or warts.
neutral	symptoms	However, often they cause no pain or any other symptoms, thus remaining undetected.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	How can you protect yourself?
neutral	Condoms	Condoms can reduce the risk of contraction, however, they do not offer 100% protection.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is because occasionally, the pathogens of sexually transmitted diseases can also be passed on via smear infections and close bodily contact.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Therefore, first and foremost experts recommend that people with frequently changing sexual partners undergo regular examinations.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If diagnosed early, the majority of STIs can be cured and long-term consequences avoided.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Through sponsorships donations and by no means least the funds that the choir raises across the whole of Germany, the money all adds up.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"In total, we have already sent around 200,000 euros to Esitjeni," said Annette Lennartz, Chairperson of the association.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the village itself, Zodwa Dlamini, a self-assured and assertive woman, manages the money from Germany.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	She makes sure that the orphans have good accommodation, for example with one of their grandmothers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Gogos, as the old ladies are called in Zulu, are the pillars of the village.
neutral	the children	Some of them have up to 14 orphans living with them, providing them with a roof over their heads and making sure that the children get to their school classes punctually every day, in their school uniforms.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Anyone who doesn't have anyone left, arrives at the shelter with Khanyisile, a single woman who earns the same salary from the association as the two cooks who cook for more than 200 hungry children every day.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In addition, "Voices for Africa" has established a sewing school,built two chicken coops and, together with the American health organisation, PSI, organised for many in the village to be tested for HIV.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is nothing to be taken for granted, as is clearly the attitude towards illness throughout the entire country, the best way of keeping things under wraps is if people are dead.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A king with 14 wives
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"AIDS is an absolute taboo subject," said Annette Lennartz, "because it is associated with sexuality."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is actually strange for a country in which the king officially has 14 wives.
male	King Mswati III.	The last absolute monarch of sub-Saharan Africa, King Mswati III., is known for his excessive lifestyle.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Polygamy in place of democracy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Among other factors, the fact that the HIV virus has spread quickly over the past number of decades can also be attributed to this officially sanctioned lifestyle.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Another factor is the large number of migrant workers who carry the virus across the country.
neutral	condoms	There are free condoms on every corner, said Annette Lennartz, "but they are hardly used.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The culture prescribes otherwise - flesh to flesh."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In order to promote the cultural exchange, the Imbongi choir travels through Southern Africa every two or three years and sings songs of melancholy, fighting spirit, confidence and black self-esteem, which many from the southern tip of the black continent still know from the times of apartheid.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A bus full of white people, who sing songs in a black language - this degree of recognition brings not only morale and joy, but some grim-faced border soldiers even shed a few tears.
neutral	Esitjeni	The journey always leads to Esitjeni, where the singers visit their sponsor children.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Even though you can barely find the small village on a map, it is more than well-known in the valley of the Ezulweni River.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Go to Esitjeni, that's where the light is," say the people there.
neutral	Heidelberg	And if you make the 8,733-kilometre flight back to Heidelberg, to visit the stomping singers in their rehearsal room, you'll see that the light is there too.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Messenger: NASA discovers ice on Mercury
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Messenger probe has found evidence of ice on the planet Mercury.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is thought that the ice cover may be up to 20 metres thick.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The US space agency, NASA, has proven the existence of ice on the planet Mercury.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Although the planet lies closest to the sun, it does have frozen water - as shown in three studies published on Thursday in specialist magazine "Science."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Messenger probe has found evidence that there is an ice cover in the region of the planet that lies permanently in shadow.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is thought to be at east 30 centimetres and perhaps up to 20 metres thick.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The water presumably came from comets or perhaps also asteroids that impacted with Mercury.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, no-one is linking the discovery of ice with the existence of life on the planet, said Chief Scientist for the Messenger probe, Sean Solomon.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The temperature on Mercury can reach up to 426 degrees Celsius.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That said, the findings could help explain how water and other building blocks of life reached other regions of the solar system.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Unknown to the majority of the Earth's inhabitants, there are probes, telescopes and small robots such as the Phoenix, deployed to research the depths of the universe.
neutral	images	From time to time, they transmit images to Earth: small peepholes into the infinite expanse.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This image comes from a camera developed by German researchers at the Max Planck Institute.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The eight planets of our solar system, plus the dwarf planet Ceres.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Like Pluto, which orbits around the sun behind Neptune, Ceres is not a planet according to the new definition of the term issued by the International Astronomical Union in 2006.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This image section from an infrared recording by the Spitzer telescope shows a "family portrait" of countless generations of stars: the oldest stars are seen as blue dots, while more difficult to identify are the pink-coloured "new-borns" in the star delivery room.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This star-forming region - rather unromantically named W5 by scientists - was discovered by the Spitzer telescope in the Cassiopeia constellation, at a distance of 6,500 light years away.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This shimmering glow of a dying star was captured by NASA's Spitzer telescope.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The donut-shaped ring consists of material, ejected by the star in the process of dying.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the huge Trifid Nebula, 5,400 light years away from the Earth, new stars are created from gas and dust.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	NASA's Spitzer telescope shot this photo of the galactic delivery room.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Pleiades star cluster, also referred to as "The Seven Sisters," can be seen with the bare eye at night.
neutral	the colours	With the telescope, however, the colours really come into their own.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In this infrared photo, the Helix Nebula looks back at the observer like a red eye.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is located 700 light years away in the Aquarius constellation.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Its similarity with the continent resulted in this Nebula acquiring the title 'North America'.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A combination of normal and infrared photography produced the spectacular colouring.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This baby star could only be captured in its full beauty using the Spitzer telescope's infrared detectors.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Saturn and its rings: How these occurred is the greatest puzzle in the field of astronomy.
neutral	the remnants	Perhaps they are the remnants of a moon of Saturn, which disappeared without a trace 4.5 billion years ago.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	One of the largest and sharpest pictures from the Hubble telescope: the Whirlpool Galaxy
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Depending on the colouring, photographs of spiral galaxies can become genuine works of art.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The photograph published by the European Southern Observatory shows the Trifid Nebula in the Sagittarius constellation, several thousand light years away.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The name Trifid stems from the Latin word trifidus (divided into three parts), as dark stripes of dust divide the core of the birthplace of stars into three parts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the Ophiuchus constellation, astronomers have photographed the signs of a cosmic collision: 400 million light years from the earth, the cores of two merging galaxies move rapidly towards one another, destined to collide.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This star birth was captured by the Hubble telescope in the M83 spiral galaxy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Anyone who doesn't like technical abbreviations may prefer to call it by its nickname, the Southern Catherine Wheel.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The photo taken by the Hubble space telescope shows a section of the Iris Nebula in the Cepheus constellation.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The nebula, 1,400 light years away, consists of particles of dust that are ten to one hundred times smaller than standard house dust.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This image was put together from the X-ray images captured by various telescopes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It shows a ring of black holes, 430 million light years away from the Earth.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This group of galaxies, named Arp 273, was pictured for NASA by the Hubble space telescope.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Scientists call the larger spiral galaxy UGC 1810.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This star nebula is home to the brightest group of young stars in our Milky Way.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This 'star cradle' continually produces new youngsters.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Likewise, this star cloud, connected to the Rosette Nebula, continually produces new baby stars - 5000 light years away from the Earth.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In this bright shining galaxy with one small black hole, there exists no dust - only gas.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Researchers presume that it only came into being shortly after the Big Bang, when the universe was comprised primarily of hydrogen.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Our view of the universe: the most important telescopes
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The telescope is thought to have been invented in 1608 by Hans Lipperhey - even before Galileo Galilei used the device to observe the stars one year later.
neutral	mirrors	Since then, the mirrors in optical telescopes have become increasingly large and the insights that they provide increasingly profound.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For a period of 30 years, namely from 1947 until 1975, the Hale telescope in the Palomar Observatory near San Diego was the largest telescope in the world.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The mirror, shown in the image, had a diameter of five metres.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Arizona, USA,is home to the Large Binocular Telescope.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It enables views of space via two mirrors, each with a diameter of 8.4 metres.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The inner workings of the Gran Telescopio Canarias on the Canarian island of La Palma are huge - the mirror alone has a diameter of 10.4 metres.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The mirror of the Southern African Large Telescope in South Africa is segmented - to reduce costs.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In spite of this it achieves a diameter of around eleven metres.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The disadvantage of this inexpensive construction method: the telescope is securely clamped at its angle of inclination and its movement is therefore limited.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Hobby Eberly telescope in Texas also has a fixed angle of inclination.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What sets it apart: the high light-gathering capacity.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This - in spite of its comparatively low mirror diameter - even matches that of the world's largest reflector telescopes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	With the help of a radio telescope in Arecibo (Puerto Rico) researchers can listen for extraterrestrial signals in space.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The radio telescope has a diameter of 305 metres.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the "Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence" (SETI) every computer owner can be of assistance, by making his/her processing capacity available.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	View of the European Southern Observatory (ESO) in the Chilean Andes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is home to the Very Large Telescope, which lives up to its name.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	With its total of four mirrors, the telescope can also focus on the medial infrared spectrum.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Likewise to be located at the ESO Observatory in Chile, the European Extremely Large Telescope is also being planned.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Its main mirror is to span a full 42 metres and will be made from almost 1,000 mirror elements.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, images are not to be expected until 2018 at the earliest.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Until 2007, the two Keck telescopes at the Hawaiian volcano, Mauna Kea, were the largest in the world.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They each have two mirrors, each with a diameter of ten meters.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Keck Telescopes are part of the Mauna Kea Observatory, which alongside the Keck telescopes, can look to the heavens with the help of the Subaru telescope and the IRTTF.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Another huge new telescope is also to be built on the Mauna Kea, with a mirror diameter of thirty metres.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Here you can marvel at an artist's impression.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, the most important insights into space are provided by the Hubble space telescope.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Since 24 April 1990 it has been supplying images of distant worlds.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Since March 2009 the Kepler space telescope has been searching for extra-solar planets, especially for any that may be inhabitable.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On 2 February 2011 it was announced by NASA that 1,235 planetary candidates had been identified since the mission began.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The image documents the final launch preparations on the Kepler space telescope.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will be launched into space on board an Ariane5 rocket by 2018 at the earliest.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The primary mirror of the infrared space telescope has a diameter of 6.5 metres.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	One of the telescope's tasks is to search for light from the first stars and galaxies that emerged after the Big Bang.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Scientists are assuming that ice also exists at Mercury's south pole.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, there is no reliable data in support of this as the Messenger orbits around the planets much closer to the north pole.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For decades, radar measurements have indicated that there is ice on Mercury.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Thanks to the Messenger probe that was launched in 2004, the first to orbit Mercury, scientists can now be certain.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Drink butter on a daily basis - and live to 168 years of age
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Southern Azerbaijan, many people reach biblical ages.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There is even a museum of longevity.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A hunt for evidence in the country in which 97 years old is still comparatively young.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Southern Azerbaijan, many people reach ages that can almost be considered biblical.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There is even a museum of longevity.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A hunt for evidence in the country in which 97 years old is still comparatively young.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The journey through the Talysh Mountains can be described as wild and romantic.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The minibus rumbles over the winding streets, past densely wooded hills, raging rivers and simple farmhouses.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Everywhere is green and lush - you could be forgiven for thinking you were in the Black Forest.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, this is the deep south of Azerbaijan, and the border with Iran is just a few kilometres away.
neutral	Talysh	This is the home of the Caucasian people group, the Talysh, of whom not much is known except that they speak perfect Persian and Azeri and live long lives.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The final stop is Lerik.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The small town is bursting with overpowering architecture from Soviet times, which doesn't fit with the picturesque mountain landscape at all.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Tourists from Europe rarely come here; the journey from Azerbaijan's capital city, Baku, is too arduous.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It takes eight hours to travel the 323 kilometres, as too much of the route is just a single track.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The fabulous wealth, for which the country has its oil in the Caspian Sea to thank, has not yet arrives here in the province.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Yet Pilata Fatulayeva (48) is convinced that Lerik has what it takes to be a tourist attraction.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Baku became famous in May due to the Eurovision Song Contest, and next year we are having a festival to celebrate the oldest people in the world," said Fatulayeva.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	She is the Director of the Museum of Longevity, most likely the only of its kind in the world.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Here the lives of eight dozen Talysh from the area who lived to older than 100 are documented. Fatulayeva points out a black & white photo.
male	grandfather	This here is my grandfather, he was 120 years old.
male	child	At the age of 136 he fathered another child.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, the unrivalled star of the museum is shepherd Shirali Muslimov who is said to have lived to 168 years old.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However no birth certificate exists to confirm this.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And given that the longest confirmed lifespan was 122 years of age, Muslimov's claim seems extremely doubtful.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"He was born in 1805, here in the region, and died in 1973," explains Fatulayeva.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The man married three times and had 23 children, and is said to have fathered another daughter at the age of 136.
male	Shirali Muslimov	So did Shirali Muslimov miscalculate his age by a couple of decades?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But Rembrandt Scholz, researcher on ageing at the Max Planck Institute in Rostock, has also heard of people living to impressive ages in Central Asia.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"A strikingly high number of extremely elderly people can also be found in some areas of China, in Japan or the Hunza Valley in Pakistan," said Scholz, "while there is also an extremely large number of very old men in Sardinia."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Due to lacking documentation, however, there is no scientific proof of age, particularly as there are no birth registers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Melted butter by the glass, every day
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, the fact remains that the people of the region surrounding Lerik reach a biblical age with striking regularity.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There are currently 20 individuals older than 100 years of age.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So why do so many very old people live here in the south?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Azeri travel guide Farid Mugimzadeh explains this as being due to the special Talysh genetics.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In contrast, Museum Director Fatulayeva believes that it is due to diet.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However the notion that the calorie-rich diet of the Talysh, who love meat, bread and especially dairy products, and of whom many drink a glass of melted butter on a daily basis, could be considered healthy from a nutrition science perspective does not really seem plausible either.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Or is it the traditional way of life that keeps the people young? In Cengemiran, a tiny settlement not far from the town of Lerik, lives Rubaba Mirzayeva.
female	years	At 97 years old she is still comparatively young for the area.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Mirzayeva, who claims to have 143 descendants, lives in a simple wooden house, which is typical of the entire Caucasus region.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	She sits on the floor with a butter churn, which she rolls backwards and forwards tirelessly.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Eight people live here under this roof, including one of Mirzayeva's sons and a daughter, both of whom have been grandparents for some time.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There are also two small children running around.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the kitchen, tea is prepared for the guests, which is served in typical, bulging Armadu glasses.
female	her headscarf	Mirzayeva's white teeth stand in perfect rank and file, beneath her headscarf she conceals long, dark blond plaits, which her son proudly reveals for us.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I have always washed my hair with milk, and it has never fallen out or lost its colour.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"I have never used shampoo either," said Mirzayeva.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Monthly pension is enough to live on
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	She has only ever eaten what she could get from her own farm - tomatoes, potatoes, peas.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	My whole life I have never once bought groceries in the supermarket.
female	the army	Then she tells of her husband who was in the army.
neutral	Second World War	Things were at their worst during the time after the Second World War.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, everything became better when the "beloved father" Heydar Aliyev took the rudder.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The propaganda seems strange coming from the mouth of an old lady.
male	Azerbaijan	Yet the cult that revolved around the father figure for the nation, who governed his country like a dictator practically knows no limits in Azerbaijan.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He held power until 2003 and his son Ilham later took over the helm.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At least there is no deprivation among Azerbaijan's elderly.
female	Manat	Mirzayeva receives 230 Manat (around the same sum in euros) per month as her pension, which in a local context is an amount on which one can live comfortably.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And perhaps Mirzayeva's long greying son is right: "The elderly enjoy a deep respect in our culture."
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They live among their extended family, are loved, cared for and are happy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If this is not a reason to live for as long as possible, then what is?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The notion of "human rights" is omitted from the constitution.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The revolution has returned to Cairo.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Competing demonstrations in Cairo reveal the deep division within the country.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The future constitution based on Sharia law is fiercely disputed.
male	The Egyptian President	The Egyptian President is not holding back his emotion.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We must make the transition.
male	God	"And making sure it succeeds is my responsibility, before the people and before God," he said on state television.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	His speech was aimed at the entire population,however in particular at the Coptic Christians, the liberals, enlightened Muslims and secularists.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For all of them, until now hopelessly estranged in a bewildered opposition, are fearful.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They are fearful of a God State on the Nile at the mercy of the powerful Muslim Brotherhood.
male	Mohamed Mursi	According to Mohamed Mursi, speaking almost apologetically, he has temporarily restricted the authority of the constitutional court and increased his own authority, "in order to rescue the revolution."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, Egyptians - and the world - are not entirely sure what the 61-year-old engineer who holds a Doctorate from the American University of Southern California, really wants to save.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Should the judiciary be deprived of power?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In actual fact, the 234 articles, which have been pushed through by the Islamic-dominated 110-person Constituent Assembly, are in some aspects cause for concern.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As was also the case under previous constitutions, under the draft judicature is justified on the "principles of Islamic law."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Yet what are "principles"?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This was and remains subject to interpretation and there is concern that the Islamists will make use of the woolly formulation and the resulting room for legal manoeuvre in favour of a stricter interpretation of Sharia law.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is at least suggested by one newly added article: in all issues affecting Sharia law, the Al Ashar University must be consulted, the country's most important Islamic institution, which has great influence throughout the whole of Sunni Islam.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This can, but does not necessarily have to mean that the clergy will oversee legislation, which would result in the de facto incapacitation of the judiciary.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Much in the constitutional draft is open to interpretation
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Also problematic: civil military jurisdiction will continue to be upheld.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	During Mubarak's rule, these courts served to suppress opposition.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Following the fall of the dictator, up to 11,000 civilians were under military imprisonment.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to the draft, the state should also protect "the true character of the Egyptian family, and promote its morals and values."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	From a legal perspective, this is formulated in such an unclear manner that state institutions could even use this article to control the content of cinematic art and literature.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In plain language, this is nothing other than censorship.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Incidentally, no article explicitly establishes the equality of men and women.
male	the prophet	Another does prohibit the insult or slander of the prophet Mohamed and his emissaries.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, what constitutes an insult and how this should be sanctioned remains unclear.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Equally dubious is the formulation stating that "insulting people" is forbidden.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Is a caricature of the president sufficient, or a joke at the expense of a jurist?
male	Mursi	Open to interpretation, like so much in the draft submitted by Mursi to be signed and that, in his own words, will be submitted to Egyptians for referendum "very soon."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"The revolution is back"
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For weeks the opposition has been gathering to combat the superior strength of the Islamists.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Tens of thousands gathered on Friday evening at the Tahrir Square in Cairo, in unfamiliar unity, and pledged to bring down the charter before it has even come into effect.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"The revolution is back and we are going to be victorious," said Hamdin Sabbahi, third place candidate in the presidential elections.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Noble Peace Prize winner and former Head of the International Atomic Energy Authority, Mohamed El-Baradei explained that the constitutional draft belongs "on the rubbish tip of history."
male	Mursi	Via SMS service Twitter, he accused Mursi's followers of wanting to lead "a coup against democracy."
male	Jasser	"If he calls for the referendum, we will go to his palace and overthrow him," said member of the opposition Jasser Said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"We have not yet grown tired, the blood of our brothers has not yet been atoned for," stated the Egyptian media, quoting opposition politician Chaled Ali.
neutral	judges	And several judges have signalled that they do not want to oversee the referendum, which would render it invalid.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"The Koran is our constitution"
neutral	Muslim Brotherhood	The well-organised Muslim Brotherhood gathered for a counter-demonstration, although acting cautiously they did not choose the Tahrir Square but rather a mass prayer on the other side of the Nile, outside the Cairo University.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Many veiled women and followers of the Salafis took part, shouting out: "The people demand the application of God's law."
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They demanded of Mursi: "Cleanse the country!" and protested: "The Koran is our constitution."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A struggle for control over the symbolic Tahrir Square, where everything began, would have most likely provoked events verging on civil war.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Quite clearly, this was something that Mursi's followers did not want to risk.
neutral	The Muslim Brothers	The Muslim Brothers stated that both those against and those in favour of the constitutional draft had expressed themselves loud and clear.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Now is the time to let the population decide at the ballot box, in which direction the country should move forward.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is a certainty that there is a majority in favour of the Islamists' draft.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"The term 'human rights' does not even appear once"
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Hafez Abu Saeda is furious about this forced constitutive process, which actually should have lasted until February and should have involved all social interest groups.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The 48-year-old human rights lawyer and Chairman of the Egyptian Organisation for Human Rights (EOHR) defended the Muslim Brotherhood, when imprisoned or in court under Mubarak.
male	world view	Not because he shared their world view, but because for him, human rights are indivisible.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	For this he was battered, condemned and imprisoned.
male	Sonntag	"And now the term human rights does not even appear once in the new constitution," he bemoaned in a discussion with "Welt am Sonntag."
male	his power	The lawyer has resigned himself to Mursi extending his power to all three branches of state government.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These measures are blatant breaches of the ground rules of democracy and will guide Egypt into a new dictatorship.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Instead of strengthening the civil society, the President is effectively suspending it," complained Saeda.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Yet without civil society organisations, a democracy cannot function.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Saeda feels abandoned,even by the international community, which is observing the battle over the ideological direction on the Nile with a mixture of curiosity and excitement.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This could come back to haunt them.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	One demonstrator at the Tahrir warned: "You are letting loose a monster that you can no longer control."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Norway's rakfisk: Is this the world's smelliest fish?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Norway's five million people enjoy one of the highest standards of living, not just in Europe, but in the world.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Could the secret of the country's success be connected to the local appetite for some exceedingly smelly fish?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Take a selection of over-ripe cheeses.
neutral	dirty, wet soccer kit	Place them in the midst of a pile of dirty, wet soccer kit.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Leave for a week.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Now you have the nose-numbing smell of rakfisk, one of the great Norwegian delicacies.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I am in the small town of Fagernes, about three hours from Oslo.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There is snow, spectacular scenery - and that odour, ever present, hangs in the air.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Rakfisk is trout sprinkled with salt and fermented in water for - depending on how smelly you like your fish - up to a year.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As the dark sets in and the weather turns cold, Norwegians flock to a festival here in Fagernes devoted to this most, well, captivating of foods.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"You eat it raw, and then swallow a glass of aquavit," says Havard Halvarsen, full-time local firefighter but also the so-called "Rakfisk General," in charge of running the festival.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	All around us people are eating little cubes of the fish and knocking back quantities of drink.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Some people like the aquavit more than the rakfisk," says Havard.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The drink can kill the smell.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I try a few pieces.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If you can avoid passing it under your nose, it is not bad - not unlike a slice of sushi that has been on rather a long bus journey.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Rakfisk is a product of very different, poverty-stricken times in Norway when, pre-refrigeration, fish was soaked in airtight barrels of water and salt in autumn.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Then in the depths of winter, well and truly fermented, it is taken out and - no doubt with the senses knocked out by alcohol - eaten.
neutral	Norwegians	Only a generation ago, thousands of Norwegians were forced to leave their country in search of work, emigrating mainly to the US.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Now the population is expanding fast - more than 13% are immigrants, attracted by plentiful jobs, high wages and a comprehensive care system.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	People from Sweden, the old rival and not so long ago far richer than Norway, stream in to work.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Rakfisk is seen as signifying something important, a vital if rather smelly part of Norway's past.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is among the more expensive dishes you can buy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But then everything is expensive - a small glass of beer or a sandwich knock you back £9 ($14) each.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Norway does not often make it on to the global news agenda - and most seem to like it that way.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	People here are still loath to mention by name Anders Breivik, the right-wing, racist extremist who gunned down and killed 77 men, women and children last year.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Instead, the shootings are referred to as "the July the 22nd incident."
neutral	Norwegians	Norwegians find it very difficult to believe that in their peace-loving country one of their own was capable of such brutality and murder.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The growth since the early 1970s of one of the world's biggest oil and gas industries lies behind much of Norway's present-day wealth.
female	Anna	"But oil is not the only reason we are doing so well," says Anna our waitress, handing round trays of maturing rakfisk and, with her long blond hair and startlingly blue eyes, the image of Nordic well-being.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We are a - how you say - prudent people.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	Her English, like that of most people here, is flawless.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We are not very showy, we do not like ostentation.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Norway has handled its oil wealth very carefully - all but a small percentage of money from the industry is invested in a special fund for the benefit of future generations.
neutral	Norway	When everyone else was throwing around money they did not have, in the years leading up to the global financial crash, Norway kept its purse strings tightly bound.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"As long as we can ski in winter and go hiking in summer we are happy," says Anna.
female	rakfisk	"And eat rakfisk," she adds with a carefree laugh.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I stand in the snow and queue for something to eat - I have had enough rakfisk.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Now an elk burger is certainly something different and rather succulent to the taste.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But in the evening, it is more of that smelly fish.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The hotel I am staying in is one of a number of venues hosting a rakfisk dinner where guests vote on the best - or perhaps the most nasally challenging - fish.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There is a live TV link up to a compere in a bow tie surrounded by plates of rakfisk.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is like the Eurovision song contest.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"What score do you have for the best fish up there in the mountains Thor-Juergen?"
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Here are our points, Havard."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There is clapping, laughter.
male	aquavit	A man falls off his chair, perhaps overcome with aquavit.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Or maybe it is the fumes from all that fish.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Mexico's Enrique Pena Nieto faces tough start
male	President Enrique Pena Nieto	As Mexico's incoming President Enrique Pena Nieto prepares to take office, the BBC's Will Grant looks at the challenges facing him and the mixed expectations of his population.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Traffic in Mexico City is particularly bad at present.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A congested city at the best of times, a ring of steel has been erected since Monday cutting off several key routes into the capital and causing chaos on the roads.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The aim, however, wasn't to stop commuters getting to work but prevent protesters from reaching parliament.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On Saturday, Mexico's new president Enrique Pena Nieto will receive the presidential sash and take over the running of the nation.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He faces a complicated task.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Mexico has been performing well economically under the outgoing administration of Felipe Calderon, but the country is in the grip of a drug war, which has already claimed an estimated 60,000 lives in six years.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"My government has a great commitment to the Mexican people to reduce the violence," Mr Pena Nieto told US President Barack Obama in the Oval Office earlier this week.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I will be proposing a new security strategy which will allow us to achieve that aim.
male	Mr Pena Nieto	Before rubbing shoulders with the US president, Mr Pena Nieto's previous political experience was as governor of his home state, the State of Mexico.
male	the new leader	A populous, sprawling state surrounding the capital, opinions about the new leader are divided in his old stomping ground.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A straightforward man
male	Valle del Bravo	In the bucolic town of Valle del Bravo, for example, he is remembered fondly.
male	Residents	Residents credit him with boosting tourism in the resort and building infrastructure.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	To reach the town you can drive along one of Mr Pena Nieto's new motorways, a vast improvement on the cracked and bumpy roads it replaced.
male	Plaques	Plaques bearing his name also hang outside a modern sports centre and an impressive interactive museum about climate change.
male	Mr Pena Nieto	"We are looking to him to bring about real and lasting change," says friend and political ally Gabriel Olvera Hernandez, a state congressman for Mr Pena Nieto's party, the PRI.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Particularly in terms of security and the economy, we're hoping for an interesting and true change which our country so badly needs.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	After an unbroken 81 years in power, the PRI was ousted in 2000 by Vicente Fox.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Congressman Olvera admits that after 12 years outside the presidential palace of Los Pinos, there is much expectation within the party about Enrique Pena Nieto.
male	the new president	And he rejects the opposition's characterisation of the new president as lacking substance.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	He's a very straightforward man, very committed with an excellent vision of the country.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	He's an excellent statesman and, above all, he's someone who knows how to listen.
neutral	the state	But on the other side of the state, that is not the impression many people have of their former governor.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Nezahualcoyotl, also known as Ciudad Neza, the contrast with the cobbled streets of Valle del Bravo couldn't be sharper.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Tucked away under motorway flyovers, it is in many ways a suburb of Mexico City itself.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And the problems in the municipality are also gritty and urban.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Earlier this year, the military was called in to help tackle the drug gangs operating in the neighbourhoods, and violence against women is particularly acute.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On a patch of wasteland by a vast landfill site, the bodies of dozens of murdered women have been dumped over the past two years alone.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	More than 1,000 women were killed in Mexico State while Mr Pena Nieto was governor, a rate much higher than in the notoriously violent city of Ciudad Juarez - a place synonymous with the murder of innocent women.
male	Mr Pena Nieto	Mr Pena Nieto's critics say, at best, he failed to adequately address the problem of femicide while he was in office.
male	his administration	At worst, they accuse his administration of turning a blind eye.
female	Irinea Buendia	In a concrete home typical of the rundown neighbourhood, Irinea Buendia struggles to fight back the tears as she shows me photos of her late daughter, Mariana Luna.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to the official version of events, Mariana committed suicide in 2010.
female	her family	However her family believes she was murdered by her partner.
female	Senora Buendia	"When I arrived at her house it seemed her body had been washed," Senora Buendia recalls.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There were signs she'd been beaten, and rigor mortis had already set in.
female	Mariana	As her mother recounts the story, a picture of Mariana looks down from the walls, next to a cross bearing a single word: Justice.
neutral	the family	However, that is exactly what the family say they have been denied.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The state authorities have treated me like I'm an old gossip, a trouble-maker, a whiner.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	What they want is that one simply accepts what they say and shuts up.
female	omissions	"But that can't be right when there were so many irregularities and omissions," she says.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As President Pena Nieto receives the sash on Saturday, it comes with a heavy responsibility.
male	violent crime	Tens of thousands of families have been affected by violent crime in Mexico over the past six years and the new president has promised to make them a priority during his time in office.
male	PRI Congressman Olvera	"I hope he's the same kind of president as he was a governor," says PRI Congressman Olvera in Valle del Bravo.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That, however, is exactly what victims' families in Ciudad Neza most fear.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Bradley Manning didn't complain about mistreatment, prosecutors contend
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Prosecutors try to counter Bradley Manning's claims of abuse in confinement
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The hearing focuses on Manning's time in the military brig at Quantico, Virginia
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Defense wants case dismissed on grounds that Manning's confinement was harsh
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Army private is accused of stealing thousands of classified documents
male	Bradley Manning	Prosecutors tried to establish Friday that Army private Bradley Manning -- charged in the largest leak of classified material in U.S. history -- missed multiple opportunities to complain about the mistreatment he's alleging he suffered in military custody.
male	unit officers	While cross-examining Manning at a pre-trial hearing at Ft. Meade, Maryland, prosecutor Maj. Ashden Fein asserted that records of weekly visits Manning had with unit officers during nine months of detention at Quantico, Virginia, show no complaints about his treatment.
male	Manning	The cross-examination -- during a hearing on a defense motion to have Manning's case dismissed on grounds that his confinement has been harsh and has amounted to enough punishment -- came a day after Manning testified that he had considered suicide while in custody.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Army intelligence analyst, arrested in June 2010, is accused of stealing thousands of classified documents while serving in Iraq.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The material was then published online by WikiLeaks.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	WikiLeaks has never confirmed that Manning was the source of its information.
male	Manning	In Friday's hearing, Fein reviewed with Manning the forms that officers filled out after meeting with Manning during his detention at Quantico's brig, where he was held under a heightened confinement status from July 2010 to April 2011.
male	Manning	Officers would ask Manning questions and write down his responses.
male	Manning	When Fein asked about the forms Friday, Manning acknowledged that he rated treatment by his guards as "excellent" and treatment by the facility overall as "very professional."
male	mistreatment	The forms show no complaints of mistreatment, even though the officers asked Manning directly about his treatment, Fein contended.
neutral	Manning	Manning responded that he would verbally express concern about issues and that the visiting officers would talk through the concerns and indicate that they would be addressed, but they didn't record the issues.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"They would write down 'no issues' (after discussing the concerns), and it didn't necessarily mean I didn't bring something up," Manning said.
male	The judge	The judge, Army Col. Denise Lind, also asked Manning why he didn't complain about his treatment during a January 2011 meeting with a board examining the suicidal thoughts he expressed in a form months earlier.
male	Manning	Manning replied that his intention during that meeting was to get his "prevention of injury" status downgraded.
male	The military	The military said they put him on this restrictive status -- a step below suicide watch -- for his protection and the safety of others.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"I wanted staff to know I was fine, and (I wanted to) get off the POI status ... to enjoy an increased quality of life from my viewpoint," Manning said.
male	Manning	Manning testified Thursday about his arrest in Iraq and his transfer to Kuwait, where he was held for nearly two months before being transferred to the brig at Marine Base Quantico in Virginia in July 2010.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He said he contemplated suicide in Kuwait and once passed out there due to the heat.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He said not being allowed to know what was happening to him or in the outside world was distressing.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"My world just shrink to Camp Arafjon, to that cage," Manning said Thursday.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I thought I was going to die in that cage.
male	Manning	Once at Quantico, Manning said, he spend most days in a small cell -- at least 21 hours and often more than 23 hours -- with no company.
male	Manning	Manning said he was allowed only a mattress, blanket, flip-flops, some clothes and his glasses.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He said he tried to keep moving, because sleeping during the day or even lying down was against the rules.
male	Manning	Manning said he always slept with light from outside his cell in his eyes.
male	his face	If guards could not see his face when he rolled over at night, he said they would wake him to roll back over.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Manning's lawyer filed a formal objection to Manning's treatment in January 2011.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Manning was moved to the military prison at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, in April 2011.
male	Manning	Also Friday, the judge asked Manning about an allegation that he made in Thursday's testimony -- that after being forced to sleep naked one night in his Quantico cell, he was forced to stand naked in front of guards and other inmates during a morning head count.
male	Manning	Manning had testified that he was never given a chance to cover himself with his blanket during the head count.
male	Manning	Under questioning from the judge Friday, Manning said that he inferred from his guard's order that he should drop a blanket that could have covered him, but he acknowledged that no one had ordered him to drop it.
male	Manning	Manning testified Thursday that he was forced to sleep naked the previous night because of his attempt to show an officer that he wasn't a danger to himself.
male	Manning	Manning said that he told the officer that he could have used the waistband of his underwear or his flip-flops to hurt himself but hadn't done so.
male	Manning	That night, Manning testified, his underwear, flip-flops and glasses were removed from his cell.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	His lawyers hope the judge will at least take his experiences during confinement into account and sharply reduce his sentence should he be convicted at his court-martial, which is expected to begin early next year.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The defense has said it plans to have Manning plead guilty to lesser offenses and fight other charges as being too extreme.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The hearing is scheduled to resume this weekend, with prosecutors expected to argue that the detention conditions were warranted.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Pentagon has maintained that Manning was held in accordance with rules governing all maximum-custody detainees at Quantico.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Counts against Manning include aiding the enemy, wrongfully causing intelligence to be published on the Internet, transmitting national defense information and theft of public property or records.
male	a life sentence	If he's convicted on all counts, he could face a life sentence.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	My Mexican-American identity crisis
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He says many were forced to leave Mexico because of the lack of opportunities there
male	times	Mexicans tend to fault those who left; they remind Mexicans of hard times, he says
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Navarrette says Mexican-Americans are caught between two worlds
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On a recent trip to Mexico City, I had barely made my way down the concourse and arrived at the immigration processing area when I got stumped.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Signs pointed the way to two lines: one for "Mexicanos" ("Mexicans"), another for "Extranjeros" ("Foreigners.")
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I stood there for a few seconds, unsure of where to go.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Growing up in Central California, I had been called a "Mexican" my entire life.
neutral	New York	It's ethnic shorthand in the same way that my friends in Boston refer to themselves as "Irish" or my friends in New York describe themselves as "Italian."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Later, I settled on "Mexican-American."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But, this was Mexico.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And, in the homeland of my grandfather, there was no need for shorthand or hyphens.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I was simply an American.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I speak Spanish, good enough to handle either end of an interview in that language.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But I don't have the vocabulary of a native, and I can't shake my American accent.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So I took my U.S. passport and got in the line for Extranjeros.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I thought about that moment this week when Mexican president-elect Enrique Pena Nieto visited the White House to meet with President Obama.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On the agenda, as usual, when the leaders of these two countries meet: immigration, drugs and trade.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Pena Nieto was also eager to talk about the growth of the Mexican economy, which is one reason that Mexicans are now just as likely to stay in Mexico as venture to the United States.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He wants to partner with the United States and Canada, and create a European Union-style trading bloc in North America.
male	Pena Nieto	And Pena Nieto vowed to continue Mexico's war against the drug cartels, even though he offered no specifics.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For Mexico, the relationship with the United States is complicated and filled with hard feelings.
neutral	Mexico	Most Americans probably never give a thought to the fact that, in 1848, the United States invaded Mexico and forced its leaders to sign over half their territory at the point of rifle.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But for Mexicans, who think in terms of centuries, not minutes, the reminders are everywhere.
neutral	U.S.	So the minute that a U.S. official says anything the least bit critical of Mexico, you start hearing -- in the Mexican press, and among the elites -- complaints about how the Americans are encroaching upon their neighbor's sovereignty.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And the children of Montezuma go on the warpath.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And yet, for Mexico, the really challenging relationship is with the more than 35 million Mexican-Americans living in the United States.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You want to talk about hard feelings?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There is plenty.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Mexico has winners and losers, people for whom the country provides opportunities and others for whom it doesn't.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The only reason you have so many people of Mexican ancestry living in cities like Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Denver or San Antonio is because, at some point in our family tree, there was a person, maybe a parent or grandparent, who was shut out from opportunity in Mexico and had to go north.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And more often than not, that person fit a profile -- dark skin, little education, from a poor village, etc.
neutral	their offspring	We're their offspring, and we're loyal to them.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Not Mexico.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And even though we may now be living the American Dream, having gone to good schools and taken good jobs, we can never lose sight of the fact that it's the American Dream we're living, and not the Mexican one.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Our identity might sometimes be fuzzy, but our loyalty is clear.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It's to the United States.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Besides, we're aware that many of the elite Mexicans in the ruling class don't like us.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The feeling is mutual.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They see us as a reminder of a humiliating defeat and look down on us as inferior stock that isn't sufficiently Mexican.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Our Spanish will never be good enough, our ties to Mexico never strong enough.
neutral	Our existence	Our existence is, as they see it, all about failure.
neutral	our families	If our families hadn't failed in Mexico, they wouldn't have left.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And we wouldn't now find ourselves trapped behind the silk curtain, living well in the United States but lost souls nonetheless.
neutral	Mexican-Americans	My wife, who was born in Guadalajara and came to the United States legally as a child, reminds me that there is friction between Mexicans and Mexican-Americans because Mexicans have a firmer grasp of who they are and Mexican-Americans resent that.
female	U.S.	While she's a U.S. citizen, she sees herself as a part of two countries.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Meanwhile, many Mexican-Americans I know don't feel like they're a part of either.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We love listening to the Mexican band, Los Tigres del Norte, but also to Bruce Springsteen.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You get the best of both worlds, but you're rooted in neither.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Mexico, we're seen as Americans.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And in the United States, we're considered Mexican.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Now, to complicate the relationship even further, as I learned during my trip, some Mexican leaders and parts of the intelligentsia want to reconnect with the Diaspora.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They want to put Mexican-Americans to work as makeshift "ambassadors" for Mexico, representing its interest in the United States.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We would tell our fellow Americans what a great country this is to visit and pressure political leaders to strengthen ties with Mexico.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Yeah.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That's not going to happen.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Too many hard feelings.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And, with income inequality and rampant corruption and drug violence, many of us are not so sure that it is a great country.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I'm afraid you're on your own, amigos.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That's fair.
neutral	Americans	If at least some Mexicans aren't yet ready to forgive the United States for how it treated Mexico a century and a half ago, then they have to accept the fact that some Mexican-Americans still hold a grudge for how their family members were treated much more recently than that.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Hmmm.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Maybe we're more "Mexican" than I thought.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Old battles, new Middle East
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The ceasefire between Israel and Hamas could yet be an unlikely foundation for peace
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Can there ever be a lasting peace between Arabs and Jews in the Middle East?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Another round of bloodshed suggests that any such hope is vain.
neutral	Israelis	Amid the usual futile arguments over who started it, scores of buildings have been reduced to rubble; more than 140 Palestinians, most of them civilians, and six Israelis have been killed; and, for the first time, missiles from Gaza have landed near Tel Aviv, Israel's metropolis, and the holy city of Jerusalem.
neutral	the Middle East	But though the Israelis and Palestinians seem stuck in their ancient conflict, all around them the Middle East is changing.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Arab spring has thrown the pieces up in the air, and, like it or not, the Palestinians and Israelis are caught up in the regional turmoil.
neutral	their struggle	Maybe this will make their struggle bloodier than before.
neutral	their lethal stalemate	However, there are reasons for thinking it could just break their lethal stalemate.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A war that is neither lost or won
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At first sight, optimism looks very hard to justify now.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Even if the ceasefire agreed on November 21st holds, this week's fighting has strengthened the hawks on both sides.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The leaders of Hamas, the Islamist movement that has ruled Gaza since 2007, will claim to have forced the Israelis to back off, even though Gaza has taken a drubbing.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Despite killing some of its leaders and bottling up Gaza's 1.7m people in one of the most wretched and crowded corners of the planet, Israel has failed to destroy Hamas.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Indeed Hamas is gaining on the West Bank, the other bit of Palestine currently run by its bitter rivals in Fatah, the more moderate Palestinian faction.
neutral	Hamas's leaders	Moreover, Hamas's leaders may well conclude that time is on their side.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As Islamists across the Arab world have gained clout, so Hamas has made powerful and rich friends.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Turkey, a resurgent regional power that was once Israel's closest Muslim ally, has taken up Hamas's cause; so has Qatar, one of the richest and most dynamic of the Gulf states.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Jubilant Hamas people say an Islamist crescent is curving around Israel, from Lebanon in the north, where the Hizbullah party-cum-militia holds sway, through Syria, where rebels of an increasingly Islamist bent may topple Bashar Assad, and on down through Jordan, where Hamas's allies are menacing the king.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Above all, on Israel's southern flank, the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood under President Muhammad Morsi in Egypt, by far the most populous and pivotal of Arab countries, has changed the region's balance.
male	Hosni Mubarak	Hosni Mubarak, the secular despot who ran Egypt for 30 years until his downfall in 2011, had little time for Hamas.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	By contrast, the Brotherhood is a cousin of Hamas, and its leaders are more subject to popular opinion.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In future diplomacy Hamas may emerge as an actor that cannot be shut out even by Israel and America.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Meanwhile, Israel's hardliners will draw the opposite conclusions.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In military terms, Hamas has been put back in its box.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Israel's Iron Dome anti-missile system has proved its worth and many of Hamas's missiles have been destroyed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Israelis will sleep more soundly - for a while.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In diplomatic terms, America is as steadfast as ever; many European countries also blamed Hamas for starting the latest round of violence.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Above all, Israel has prospered, especially under Binyamin Netanyahu, a prime minister who has largely ignored the peace process.
neutral	the Jewish settlements	Although rockets from Gaza have killed around 30 Israelis since 2004, Israel has been fairly free of suicide-bombers, thanks in part to the barrier that bites into the West Bank, the main chunk of a would-be Palestinian state, and protects the Jewish settlements that continue to expand despite their illegality in international law.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Mr Netanyahu, whose Likud party has merged with an even more hawkish lot under Avigdor Lieberman in the run-up to an election on January 22nd, is sitting pretty.
neutral	Palestinians	Why coddle those twisty Palestinians by giving them a state of their own?
neutral	the West Bank	If they really ran the West Bank, would they not fire rockets, just as their compatriots have done in Gaza?
neutral	their heads	Better to keep them behind that wall and smite them if they raise their heads.
neutral	the hardliners	Maybe the hardliners will win out; yet the Arab spring may change their calculations.
neutral	the Islamists	Even if the Islamists taking power in Egypt and elsewhere have little love for Israel, their priority will be tackling difficulties at home.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Israel's defence budget is bigger than that of its four Arab neighbours combined.
neutral	their economies	Starting a war with the local superpower will hardly help the new Arab governments mend their economies.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That the pragmatic Mr Morsi worked with Barack Obama to obtain a ceasefire augurs well - and might just mark the start of something.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Israelis too should look to the longer term.
neutral	the Arab world	With the rest of the Arab world becoming more democratic, depriving Palestinians of their right to self-determination is creating a powder keg that is bound one day to explode in the territories occupied by Israel - much as a bus exploded in Tel Aviv this week.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Repression is already undermining democracy in the Jewish state, and demography exacerbates this as the Arab population swells.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Bloody missions against Gaza every few years to knock back Hamas will exact a growing diplomatic toll.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Both sides need prodding by outsiders
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The answer remains the one trumpeted by sensible people on both sides, most of the outside world and this newspaper: two states, with Israel ceding territory for security.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The hope - a small one in the short term - is that the ceasefire will give a little more leverage to outsiders pushing that cause.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Egypt, which must now set about stopping the flow of arms into Gaza, along with Turkey and Qatar, is better placed than ever to persuade Hamas to accept the idea of a Jewish state based on the 1967 boundaries with land swaps and a shared Jerusalem.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Arab outsiders should also press Hamas and Fatah to come together.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That would do more to create a Palestinian state than the imminent bid for virtual statehood at the UN.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Mr Obama also has a part in getting Israel to the table.
male	his first term	During his first term, he neglected to present his own plan for peace.
male	the White House	Back in the White House, he is looking just as reluctant to be drawn in.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is woefully short-sighted.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	America has a vital interest in a stable Middle East.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That means a peace settlement between Israel and the Palestinians.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Cigarette plain packaging laws come into force in Australia
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Smoking warnings and diseased body parts emblazoned on dull green boxes that are the same for all tobacco brands
neutral	smoking	Australia's world-first laws on cigarette and tobacco plain packaging have come into force, replacing brand logos and colours with generic drab olive green coverings, gruesome pictures of diseased body parts and depictions of children and babies made ill by their parents' smoking.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Apart from the varying health warnings and images the only difference between the packs, mandatory from Saturday, are the brand names, and these are all printed in identical small font.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is the world's most strict regime for the packaging of tobacco.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Australia's federal government says the aim is to deter young people from smoking by stripping the habit of glamour.
neutral	people	It is relying on studies showing that if people have not started smoking by age 26 there is a 99% chance they will never take it up.
neutral	tobacco company	"Even from a very early age you can see that kids understand the message that the tobacco company is trying to sell through their branding," said the federal health minister, Tanya Plibersek, citing studies that showed, for example, children linking a crown in a logo with the idea of being a princess.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	While Australia has one of the world's lowest smoking rates and the changes will have little impact on multinationals' profits, other countries are considering similar steps.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The tobacco industry lobbied hard against the laws.
neutral	market trade	Tobacco firms said they would boost black market trade, leading to cheaper, more accessible cigarettes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"There will be serious unintended consequences from the legislation," said Scott McIntyre of British American Tobacco Australia.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Counterfeiters from China and Indonesia will bring lots more of these products down to sell on the streets of Australia.
neutral	the laws	Others say the laws have boosted their business.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Sandra Ha of Zico Import Pty Ltd, a small family business, said demand for cigarette cases, silicon covers to mask the unpalatable packages, had shot up from almost nothing two months ago since British American Tobacco, Britain's Imperial Tobacco, Philip Morris and Japan Tobacco lost a challenge to the laws in Australia's high court.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Ha said Zico had sold up to 6,000 to wholesale outlets and was awaiting new stock.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is good business for us.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The potential hitch, experts say, is the popularity of social media with the very demographic the plan is targeting.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	After a series of Australian laws banning TV advertising and sports sponsorship and requiring most sellers to hide cigarettes from view, tobacco marketing has moved online.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Australia has banned web advertising by local companies and sites but cannot restrict overseas sites.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"If you are a tobacco marketer and you've only got this small window left to promote your products, online is the compelling place for you to be in," said Becky Freeman, a public health researcher at Sydney University.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Freeman noted an increase in "average Joe" reviews of brands on social media sites such as YouTube, Twitter and Facebook.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We have to ask, is that just a private citizen who really loves Marlboro cigarettes and they've gone to the trouble of making a video, or is there a marketing company involved?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	British American Tobacco Australia said the industry was focused on dealing with the new rules rather than marketing.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The industry has gone as far as paying for Ukraine, Honduras and the Dominican Republic to challenge the new rules - the countries are claiming at the World Trade Organisation that trade is being unfairly restricted, despite none of the countries having significant trade with Australia.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A WTO ruling is likely in mid-2013.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Plibersek said the government had held discussions with other countries considering similar laws on packaging.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Canada was the first country to make photograph warnings mandatory in 2001.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They now extend to more than 40 countries including Brazil, Turkey and Ukraine.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Tougher laws are being considered in Britain, New Zealand, South Africa and India.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Many smokers in Australia remain defiant.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The pictures don't affect me.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I just ignore them.
male	Victor El Hage	"You just grab a smoke and put it away," said Victor El Hage as he purchased a pack with a photograph of a mouth tumour.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Honestly, there's only one reason I'd stop, and that's my little girl.
male	tobacconist	James Yu, who runs the King of the Pack tobacconist in central Sydney, said the uniform packaging made it harder to stack his shelves
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"It used to take me an hour to unload a delivery, now it takes me four hours," Yu said.
male	The government	"The government should have just banned them altogether and then we'd go OK, fine, we're done, we'll shut up shop," he said, throwing his hands up in the air.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In a Constantly Plugged-In World, It's Not All Bad to Be Bored
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I spent five unexpected hours in an airport this Thanksgiving holiday when our plane had mechanical difficulties and we had to wait for another plane to arrive.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So I had plenty of time to think about the subject of boredom.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I won't lie to you.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Half a day in an airport waiting for a flight is pretty tedious, even with the distractions of books, magazines and iPhones (not to mention duty-free shopping).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But increasingly, some academics and child development experts are coming out in praise of boredom.
neutral	children	It's all right for us - and our children - to be bored on occasion, they say.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It forces the brain to go on interesting tangents, perhaps fostering creativity.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And because most of us are almost consistently plugged into one screen or another these days, we don't experience the benefits of boredom.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So should we embrace boredom?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Yes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And no.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But I'll get back to that.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	First of all, like many people, I assumed that boredom was a relatively recent phenomenon, with the advent of more leisure time.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Not so, says Peter Toohey, a professor of Greek and Roman history at the University of Calgary in Canada and the author of "Boredom: A Lively History" (Yale University Press, 2011).
male	Boredom	"Boredom actually has a very long history," he said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There's Latin graffiti about boredom on the walls of Pompeii dating from the first century.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Then there's the question of how we define boredom.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The trouble is that it has been defined, and discussed, in many different ways, said John D. Eastwood, an associate professor of psychology at York University in Ontario, Canada.
male	Professor Eastwood	After looking over the research literature and putting the idea in front of a focus group of about 100 people, Professor Eastwood and his colleagues defined boredom as an experience of "wanting to, but being unable to engage in satisfying activity."
male	the person	What separates boredom from apathy, he said, is that the person is not engaged but wants to be.
male	apathy	With apathy, he said, there is no urge to do something.
male	The core experience	The core experience of boredom, he said, is "disruption of the attention process, associated with a low mood and a sense that time is passing slowly."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Boredom can sound an awful lot like depression.
neutral	the problem	But Professor Eastwood said that while they can be related, people who are bored tend to see the problem as the environment or the world, while people who are depressed see the problem as themselves.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Sometimes we think we're bored when we just have difficulty concentrating.
male	Professor Eastwood	In their study, "The Unengaged Mind: Defining Boredom in Terms of Attention," which appeared in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science in September, Professor Eastwood and his colleagues pointed to an earlier experiment in which participants listened to a tape of a person reading a magazine article.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Some groups heard a loud and unrelated television program in the next room, others heard it at a low level so it was barely noticeable, while the third group didn't hear the soundtrack at all.
neutral	The ones	The ones who heard the low-level TV reported more boredom than the other two groups - they had difficulty concentrating but were not sure why, and attributed that difficulty to boredom.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	When you're trying to focus on a difficult or engaging task, disruption of attention can lead to boredom, said Mark J. Fenske, an associate professor of neuroscience at the University of Guelph in Ontario and one of the authors of the study.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On the other hand, when you're doing something dull, "such as looking for bad widgets on a factory line, distracting music can help you not be bored."
male	doodling	In fact, he said, we now know that squirming and doodling, often seen as a sign of boredom, can actually help combat it by keeping people more physically alert.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Research shows that kids who are allowed to fidget learn more and retain more information than those who are forced to sit still," Professor Fenske said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We all experience boredom at some points - my flight delay, a droning speaker, a particularly tedious movie.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But some individuals are more likely to be bored than others.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	To help measure this, researchers developed a "Boredom Proneness Scale" in the 1980s.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The scale includes questions like, "Many things I have to do are repetitive and monotonous," and "I have so many interests, I don't have time to do everything."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Using such scales, researchers have discovered that boys tend to be bored more often than girls, said Stephen Vodanovich, a professor of psychology at the University of West Florida, especially when it comes needing more, and a variety of, external stimulation.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But in general, teenagers are a pretty jaded lot.
neutral	Reed Larson	In 1991, Reed Larson, a professor of human and community development at the University of Illinois, conducted an experiment in which he contacted almost 400 teenagers and their parents seven to eight times a day by beeper.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He found that 32 percent of adolescents said they were bored in school and doing homework, while 23 percent said they were bored when they weren't in school.
neutral	parents	On the other hand, 3 percent of parents said they were bored.
male	Professor Larson	Professor Larson said he did not know whether the boredom percentages now, 21 years later, would be higher or lower.
neutral	a lot	But he said he did know that "adolescence is a peak period for boredom," largely because children and teenagers are not given a lot of control over what they want to do.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So back to my original question: Is boredom good for you?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Sometimes no, because in its extreme it can lead people to take absurd physical risks, gamble or indulge in substance abuse as a way to ease it, research shows.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On the other hand, many philosophers and writers discuss the connection between boredom and creativity, said Professor Vodanovich, who has been studying the issue for more than two decades.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Boredom is the brain's way to tell you you should be doing something else," said Gary Marcus, a professor of psychology at N.Y.U.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But the brain doesn't always know the most appropriate thing to do.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If you're bored and use that energy to play guitar and cook, it will make you happy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But if you watch TV, it may make you happy in the short term, but not in the long term.
male	Professor Fenske	So if your child is bored and you give him an iPad, he may not be bored anymore, but he hasn't learned how to entertain himself, or self regulate, Professor Fenske said.
male	self	And "that self-regulation transfers from one situation to other," he said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Your kid doesn't just learn to entertain himself, but gets more self-control in other areas.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I don't think we really want to celebrate boredom.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Nor should we be too critical of it.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Rather, our goal should be to feel comfortable away from the constant chatter of activity and technology.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Professor Eastwood agreed.
male	an agonizing, restless desire	"We frame it as we need to be bored more, but boredom is an agonizing, restless desire to be connected with something meaningful," he said.
male	people	What people are really searching for, he said, is a way to unplug and enjoy down time.
male	the noise	"In an environment where we are constantly overstimulated," he said, "it's hard to find ways to engage when the noise shuts down."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Colorado, No Playbook for New Marijuana Law
male	pipe	Anthony Orozco, 19, a community college student and soccer player in southeastern Colorado, is facing criminal charges for something that will soon be legal across this state: the possession of a few nuggets of marijuana and a pipe he used to smoke it.
neutral	Mr. Orozco	Mr. Orozco said that one day in September he and a few friends were driving in Lamar, on the plains near the Kansas border, when they were pulled over.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	After the police officer found marijuana in the car, Mr. Orozco was issued a summons for possession and drug paraphernalia - petty offenses that each carry a $100 fine - and given a court date.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"We get treated like criminals," Mr. Orozco said.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	But is he one?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the uncertain weeks after Colorado's vote to legalize small amounts of marijuana for recreational use, the answer in hundreds of minor drug cases depends less on the law than on location.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Hundreds of misdemeanor marijuana cases are already being dropped here and in Washington State, which approved a similar measure.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Police departments have stopped charging adults 21 years and older for small-scale possession that will be legally sanctioned once the laws take effect in the coming weeks.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But prosecutors in more conservative precincts in Colorado have vowed to press ahead with existing marijuana cases and are still citing people for possession.
neutral	several towns	At the same time, several towns from the Denver suburbs to the Western mountains are voting to block new, state-licensed retail marijuana shops from opening in their communities.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"This thing is evolving so quickly that I don't know what's going to happen next," said Daniel J. Oates, the police chief in Aurora, just east of Denver.
neutral	Regulators	Regulators in Washington State are also scratching their heads.
neutral	Dec.	And they are looking for guidance on how to set up a system of licenses for production, manufacturing, distribution and sales - all by a deadline of Dec. 1, 2013.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They say that Colorado, for better or worse, is ahead of most states in regulating marijuana, first for medical use and now recreationally.
neutral	Colorado	"Colorado has a more regulated market, so they will be a good guide," said Brian E. Smith, a spokesman for the Washington State Liquor Control Board.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But no place or system, Mr. Smith conceded, can do more than suggest what might work.
male	no real precedent	"There's no real precedent for us to follow," he said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Washington's law, called I-502, takes effect on Dec. 6, which also leaves a year of limbo during which the state licensing system will not yet exist, but legalized possession will.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And there are thorny mechanical questions that must be resolved during that time, like how to balance the state's mandate of "adequate access" to licensed marijuana with its prohibitions on cannabis businesses within 1,000 feet of a school, park, playground or child care center.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Nowhere will it be more difficult to site a licensed cannabis business than in urban areas, particularly in the Seattle metropolitan area," said Ben Livingston, a spokesman for the Center for Legal Cannabis, a recently formed research group.
male	Aurora	On Nov. 21, Chief Oates in Aurora sent his officers an e-mail announcing that the city attorney would no longer be prosecuting small marijuana violations for anyone 21 years or older, and that the police would stop charging people for those crimes "effective immediately."
neutral	police	Chief Oates said that the police would enforce city codes regulating medical marijuana growers, and that they would still pursue drug traffickers and dealers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In northern Colorado's Weld County, the district attorney, Ken Buck, represents a stricter view.
male	office	After the vote, he said his office would continue pursuing marijuana possession cases, mostly as a way to press users into getting treatment.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Right now, 119 people face charges of possessing two ounces or less of marijuana, though many are facing other charges.
neutral	offenses	"Our office has an obligation to prosecute offenses that were crimes at the time they occurred," Mr. Buck said in a statement.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The response has been complicated even in places like rural Mesa County, where voters rejected the marijuana initiative.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The police in Grand Junction, the county's largest city, are no longer citing adults for possession of small amounts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The county's district attorney, Pete Hautzinger, supported that decision, but also decided not to dismiss all of the pending possession cases.
male	the law	"I do not think I'm wasting my time continuing to enforce the law until it changes," he said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Although 55 percent of Colorado voters supported the measure, bringing recreational marijuana into the folds of government and the legal system was never going to be simple.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And the contradictory reactions across the state lay bare a deep ambivalence among local officials about the state's big green experiment.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"It's a cultural barrier" with district attorneys, said Sean McAllister, a Denver lawyer who represents marijuana defendants and is a local spokesman for the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws.
male	their lives	"They spent so much of their lives prosecuting people that they still don't really accept that this is legal," he said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As the first states to treat small amounts of marijuana like alcohol, Colorado and Washington are poised to become national test cases for drug legalization.
neutral	state officials	As advocates and state officials plan for a new frontier of legalized sales, they are also anxiously awaiting direction from the federal government, which still plans to treat the sale and cultivation of marijuana as federal crimes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Advocates for legalized marijuana are hoping the Justice Department yields.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Despite some high-profile arrests of medical marijuana patients and sellers, the federal government has mostly allowed medical marijuana businesses to operate in Colorado, Washington and 16 other states.
neutral	Kevin A. Sabet	While drug agents will probably not beat down doors to seize a small bag of the drug, they are likely to balk at allowing the state-regulated recreational marijuana shops allowed under the new laws, said Kevin A. Sabet, a former drug policy adviser in the Obama administration.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Several cities in Colorado are not waiting for federal authorities to act.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Even before Election Day, some local governments approved moratoriums on any new marijuana shops, even though it will be about a year before any can open.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Last week, the western city of Montrose took up a six-month ban, and is likely to pass it next week.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"We don't want to be put in a position where we license somebody and then have a big federal issue," said Bob Nicholson, a City Council member.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Our community voted against this amendment.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We're looking at what the community voted for versus what the state voted for.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There's an awful lot of questions.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Petronella Wyatt: I was bullied out of Oxford for being a Tory
neutral	their views	It is not just today's university students who are attacked for their views
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I can't remember a time when I didn't dream of winning a place at Oxford University.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Both my father and my elder brother had been at what I imagined was the world's greatest seat of learning, a modern-day wine-blushed Greek symposium encouraging the dual pillars of civilisation, free thinking and tolerance.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Yet, within two weeks of taking up my place at Worcester College in the late Eighties to read history, I'd packed my bags, precipitating the first scandal of my life.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	My father broke down and cried.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Friends were baffled.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Evening Standard diary claimed I'd quit because I objected to fellow undergraduates having sex in the room next to mine.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The writer A N Wilson announced waggishly that I'd departed because I was forced to drink out of chipped mugs.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The truth was less droll.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I ran away.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Yes, ran, because I had been subject to systematic bullying and intimidation.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Not on account of my rather outré name, or the fact that I came from a private school.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I was persecuted for one reason only, and in this cradle of supposed enlightenment it was both bigoted and barbaric: my father, the late Woodrow Wyatt, was a high-profile adviser to Margaret Thatcher and I was a Conservative supporter.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Why bring this up now, you might ask.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Well, recent reports suggest that a new generation of Right-of-centre students are suffering a similar persecution.
neutral	students	Such is the institutionalised and increasing hatred of Tory students at Oxford that last week a group of them demanded the same equal-rights protection as gays, disabled people and ethnic minorities.
neutral	members	Conservative members of Corpus Christi College's junior common room (JCR) claim they are "often actively isolated, personally attacked and made to feel unwelcome" because of their political views.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They want to create a post on the college's equal opportunities committee to ensure that their opinions can be aired freely.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	Their situation wasn't helped by a recent BBC Two documentary, Wonderland: Young, Bright and on the Right, about student politics, which portrayed Tories as oddballs and neo-Nazis.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It featured graduate Joe Cooke, former president of the Oxford University Conservative Association (OUCA), travelling in a Rolls-Royce, sporting a silver suit and silver-topped cane.
neutral	other universities	At other universities, Conservative students say they are being treated as "scapegoats" for the introduction of higher tuition fees."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Luke Black, 20, vice-president of Nottingham University Conservative Association, told a Sunday newspaper that "there is a growing Left-wing bias at universities.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	People assume we are like the Bullingdon Club without meeting us."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Samuel Roberts, 21, a history student at Corpus Christi, who proposed the motion for greater protection, says such a climate is "uncomfortable," while Stephanie Cherill, 19, president elect of OUCA, says there has been a deterioration in the attitude of JCR members towards people who are Right of centre.
female	the welfare	"This poses a threat to the atmosphere of intellectual discussion, as well as to the welfare of members," she says.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I was in a minority of one during my first few weeks at Oxford.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I had gone up in September 1986, a cripplingly shy 18-year-old.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Hatred of the Conservative Party was at its most febrile.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The year before, the university had voted to refuse Margaret Thatcher - a former student - an honorary degree, because of cuts in higher education funding.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The atmosphere would have made a Stalinist shudder with apprehension.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	During the first few days of freshers" week, when new students socialise with each other and the dons, I had a taste of the wormwood that was to come.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I was to find that the dons not only connived in the taunting of Tory undergraduates but took part with relish.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The politics of the miners" strike, privatisation and the government's opposition to sanctions against apartheid South Africa were brought into the wood-panelled rooms of the tutorial.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	My first one involved translating 18th-century French texts into English, and I was unprepared for what followed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Miss Wyatt," said the don, Harry Pitt (now deceased), "please translate the first paragraph."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I stumbled over it.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A small man with a face like cake batter, Pitt was big on bile.
male	Thatcherites	"Do Thatcherites refuse to learn French or are they just stupid?" he demanded.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The other undergraduates giggled.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Tears pricked the back of my eyes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"I suggest you take some basic French lessons in your spare time - that is, if you're not too busy socialising," Pitt snarled.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I walked back to my rooms a disconsolate figure.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At dinner in college that evening I sat by myself; then I felt a light tap on my shoulder.
male	James	It was a second-year English student named James who introduced himself as a member of the OUCA.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	"I know who you are," he said kindly.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I'm afraid it's like that.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Anyone suspected of being a Tory is picked on.
neutral	Margaret Thatcher	It's bad enough for me, but they know your father is close to Margaret Thatcher, so it will be worse for you.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Most Tory freshers pretend they're Labour.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Later, at a local pub, I cravenly attempted to dissimulate.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I insisted that I didn't agree with everything Mrs Thatcher said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This ploy proved unsuccessful.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A first year PPE student, who, ironically, had been to Eton, said: "You're the daughter of a fascist pig."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You're contaminated.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Other students took up the refrain.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I was perverted, dirty.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"How do Tories have sex?" one asked.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They beat each other, don't they?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I felt the way homosexuals must have felt before the liberal legislation of the Sixties.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Would I ever be able to lead a normal life at Oxford?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Would I be forced to meet like-minded people only after dark?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Would I have to turn to Labour and suppress my natural inclinations?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The three years before me stretched out as a purgatory of ostracism and isolation.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The only openly Tory don was Norman Stone, Professor of Modern History, who was based at my college.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He was hated for being not only a Conservative but a foreign policy adviser to Thatcher and one of her speech writers.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He was hardly ever there.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He loathed the place as provincial and petty, and for its adherence to the Marxist-determinist view of history.
male	University	In 1997 he took up a professorship at the University of Bilkent, in Ankara, Turkey.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	"You won't be happy here," he told me.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I began commuting from Oxford to my parents" house in London, finding refuge with my more open-minded metropolitan friends and family.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I told my father I hated Oxford and why.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He was incredulous.
male	the Forties	During his time there in the Forties, all political views had been accepted.
male	the world	"But it's the best place in the world," he said pathetically.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They wouldn't do that, not among my dreaming spires.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Even my Communist friends always had impeccable manners.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	His rheumy eyes began to cloud.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Give it a chance.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I'm sure it's all just a tease.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It would break my heart if you left.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Exhausted by my frequent trips to London, my emotional resistance was deteriorating.
male	Tory	A male friend of mine, also a Tory supporter, had succumbed to pressure and renounced his creed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	During a tutorial the following week, when another history don had suggested, in complete seriousness, that I was an "enemy of the people," I decided to do the same.
neutral	parents	Inwardly blushing with shame, I admitted to being "brainwashed by my parents" and called them "old fools."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The respite was short.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It was my father who drove the nail into the coffin of my Oxford career.
male	Murdoch	At the time, he wrote two columns in the Murdoch press each week.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	My door was locked.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I cowered inside, and after five minutes, my pursuers gave up.
neutral	the first train	When they left, I packed a suitcase and caught the first train to London.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I never went back.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	You may call me a snivelling wimp.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But no 18-year-old should be subject to such intimidation and vitriol in an educational institution.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Even more tragic is that it was Oxford, which not only produced 14 Tory prime ministers, but, to this day, hides behind an ill-deserved reputation for equality and freedom of thought.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Valentino prefers elegance to notoriety"
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On the occasion of the "Valentino: Master of Couture," an exhibition that opened this week in London, ABC speaks with Naty Abascal, Fiona Thyssen-Bornemisza and other of the Italian designer's famous clients.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Somerset House, former home of Queen Elizabeth I of England, is the only place in the British capital worthy of hosting a Valentino Garavani exhibition.
male	Valentino	During the inauguration of "Valentino: Master of Couture," the designer acknowledged a retrospective apotheosis that brings together over 130 couture gowns created by his fashion house over the past 50 years.
male	his unmistakable Italian accent	"I love this palace" he says, in his unmistakable Italian accent.
male	Garavani	This exhibition is the culmination of a story whose only protagonist is "signore" Garavani, although it could not have been written without his distinguished clients.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Valentino has always been fascinated by the rarefied and distant world of the nobility.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the first room of the exhibition, open until March 3, there are a number of private letters and photos signed by the cream of aristocracy, from Princess Salimah Aga Khan, Lord Snowdon, Princess Marie-Chantal of Greece to Margaret of England.
male	these personal memories	Valentino exhibits these personal memories as if they were trophies of his social ascent from humble couturier in Voghera, northern Italy, to idol of the international jet-set.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There is nothing wrong with loving royalty.
neutral	pop music celebrities	"At least they don't drop cigarette ends on your magnificent carpet, like some beautiful pop music celebrities do," says Baroness Fiona Thyssen-Bornemisza.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In the '60s and '70s, we both lived in the Alps and were good friends.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Valentino is a spectacular host whose entertains with generosity and elegance.
male	Heini	"We all loved being invited to his chalet in Gstaad" says "Heini" Thyssen's ex-wife, a close friend of forgotten beauties such as Marella Agnelli and Eugenie Niarchos.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Valentino has always preferred elegance to notoriety.
male	a star	And yet, he is a star.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Valeria Mazza, wearing a Valentino.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Argentine model Valeria Mazza also recalls the couturier's charisma.
male	Piazza	Many years ago, after a fashion show in Piazza di Spagna in Rome, we went for dinner at his flat.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There were twenty of us, including Sharon Stone and John Kennedy Jr.
male	the music	You could see and feel his "spirit" in every detail of the flat and its decor, the food and the music.
male	Haute Couture Week Paris	"All the guests were made to feel important and loved" recalls the top model, who started working with him during Haute Couture Week Paris, in 1995.
female	His designs	"His designs are works of art and so never go out of fashion" she concludes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Nobility parade
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Garavani's life is not a story of obsession, but of well reciprocated love.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He loves well-educated people who come from good backgrounds, and they love him.
female	Jackie Kennedy	One of the Somerset House galleries has been transformed into a glamorous, sixty-foot long catwalk which offers a role reversal: visitors take the place of the models and have to parade down the catwalk while looking at a dream "audience" wearing Valentino masterpieces, for example, the dress Jackie Kennedy chose for her wedding with Aristotle Onassis, the costume Monica Vitti wore in "La Notte" and the wool and leather coat that belonged to Empress Farah Diba.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In this crowd of mannequins, names stand out such as Sibilla of Luxembourg, Gloria von Thurn und Taxis, Mette-Marit of Norway, Rosario of Bulgaria and Sofia of Habsburg.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Naty Abascal and the designer, in 2006
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Many of these clients say your first Valentino is like your first love, "impossible to forget."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I remember it perfectly.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It was a pair of trousers, a shirt, a "gilet" waistcoat and jacket from the 1971-1972 autumn-winter collection.
male	Naty Abascal	"It was a gift he gave me" says Naty Abascal, one of the designer's muses.
male	Feria	"I prefer him to other designers because of his femininity, his great love of women, and because he enhances our beauty" added the former Duchess of Feria.
neutral	the colours	I love the colours he uses, they really stand out and "lend themselves" to your face.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	Their proportions are perfect.
female	The princess and fashion advisor	The princess and fashion advisor Patricia della Giovampaola d'Arenberg also remembers the first time she wore a Valentino.
male	the chance	As a teenager living in Italy, I dreamed of reaching the age when I'd have the chance to wear one of his evening gowns...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	My time finally came in the late '90s.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I bought my first Valentino dress to wear at a party in the castle belonging to my cousin, Prince Edouard de Ligne.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It was a red dress, with a frilly skirt, draped "corsage" and a strapless neckline.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"It was a dream come true" says Princess D'Arenberg, the widow of Rodrigo d'Arenberg.
male	Paris	"Valentino is indifferent to fashion, his obsession is timeless" says this Italian aristocrat who lives between Paris, New York and Buenos Aires.
female	Princess D'Arenberg	Princess D'Arenberg looks after her couturier gowns with "the utmost care ... because a dress not just a dress, it's also the many memories that go with it."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The "king" of fashion
female	Marie	The "grand finale" of the Somerset House exhibition is Marie-Chantal Miller's wedding dress from her marriage to Paul of Greece in 1995.
male	his seamstresses	It took four months' work and 25 "girls" (as the designer calls his seamstresses) to create the pearl-encrusted, ivory-coloured silk gown with twelve different types of lace and a train four and a half metres long.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to journalist Suzy Menkes, the leading authority of the specialist press, that dress represents a high fashion milestone of the late 20th century, "the return of high society clients."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Dazzled for years with the "savoir-être" of the elite, Valentino is now its finest exponent.
male	L'Ordre des Arts	Cavaliere di Gran Croce (the highest-ranking distinction in Italy), Cavaliere del Lavoro, Commandeur de L'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres, and awarded the Legion of Honour, Garavani accumulates as many honours as any of his clients' husbands.
male	D'Arenberg	"I've always been struck by his refined and calm manner, and his neat and perfect appearance" acknowledges D'Arenberg.
male	Orsay Museum	The last time I saw him was a month ago at a gala dinner at the Orsay Museum.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He was on the table of Countess Jacqueline de Ribes, a great friend of mine.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"He was immaculate, time stands still for him."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If a princess says that...
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The hardest job in the world: the human mules of Kawah Ijen
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For four euros, the Indonesian volcano porters risk life and limb carrying 70 kilos of sulphur along steep stone paths.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There are people for whom work is hell, and others who - literally - work in hell.
neutral	Java	This is the case of Anto Wijaya, one of the 400 miners who make their living taking sulphur from the Kawah Ijen volcano, east of the Indonesian island of Java.
male	the bowels	To do so, he has to descend every day to the bottom of the crater, where the sulphurous gas emanating from the bowels of the earth solidifies on contact with air.
male	up to 70 kilos	After breaking off large sulphur rocks, which in total can weigh up to 70 kilos, he carries them in two bamboo baskets on his shoulders along the steep stone paths.
neutral	the exhausted porters	It is only 250 metres to the top of the volcano, which rises to 2,386 metres above sea level, but the exhausted porters take over 40 minutes to get there, at snail's pace, keeping their balance and measuring their steps carefully to avoid slipping and falling over the precipice.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They know that one slip could cost them their lives, as happened to a French tourist who plunged to her death a few years ago on the hazardous Kawah Ijen cliffs.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Kawah Ijen miners are paid 5 euro cents for each kilo of sulphur removed.
neutral	circus monkeys	Once at the top, they make their way past the tourists who photograph them like circus monkeys and then, lugging their heavy baskets, they walk three kilometres to the scales installed by a mining company a little further down, 1,850 metres above sea level.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is PT Ngrimbi Candi, a company which, since 1960, has been exploiting the volcano, and quite literally its workers, whom it pays 662 rupees (5 euro cents) per kilo of sulphur.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It then sells the sulphur for 10,000 rupees (83 cents) to the petrochemical industry, as the mineral is widely used in everyday life and is used in the manufacture of matches, fireworks, cosmetics, dynamite and even for whitening sugar.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"We generally carry 70 kilos, so we get about 46,000 rupees (3.8 euros) a trip" explains Anto, who usually make three trips a day.
male	Each one	Each one takes three hours and you end up exhausted, but it means he gets 138,000 rupees (11.5 euros) at the end of the day.
male	a pittance	Although it seems a pittance for such an inhuman effort, it is three times what he would earn in the field.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Miners' wages are very high here, whereas coffee harvesting is paid 15,000 rupees (1.2 euros) a day and the average monthly wage is two million rupees (167 euros) " explains the porter, who previously worked as a mason in the island resort of Bali.
female	Anto	There, his wage was 75,000 rupees (6.2 euros) a day and the work was not as hard, but Anto has returned with his family to Banyuwangi, a village near the volcano, for a compelling reason which, in Indonesia, is as overriding as the sulphur: "I married a girl from Bali, where they are Hindu, and I've brought her to Java to convert to Islam."
male	Anto	Anto has asthma, he has difficulty breathing, coughs constantly and his eyes are irritated by the toxic gases.
male	Anto	At 27 years old, Anto has been risking his life for three years in the Kawah Ijen volcano, and the sulphur has already begun to take its toll on him, even though he covers his face with special mask and goggles.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He has asthma, he has difficulty breathing, coughs constantly and his eyes are irritated by the toxic gases from the volcano.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is the price you have to pay to realise your dreams.
male	Spanish	"I'll go on working two more years because I want to open a shop or study Spanish or French" he vows in more than acceptable English.
male	this pleasant, intelligent young man	Punished for life, this pleasant, intelligent young man could be a tour guide, waiter or hotel receptionist, but instead he does the work of a mule.
male	porters	Sharing a filthy wooden hut with other porters, he gets up every day at two in the morning because the sulphur doesn't stop flowing at night, when its characteristic yellow colour turns blue and it glows in the dark.
male	Anto	Defying the shadows, Anto descends the crater and lights the path with a small torch attached to the helmet he bought with his money.
neutral	porters	Some 400 porters carry sulphur baskets on their shoulders from the crater.
neutral	the mining company	Despite their huge profits, the mining company has not mechanised the sulphur extraction process to save costs, nor has it provided any equipment for the porters, who work for themselves and by the kilo.
neutral	tourists	In fact, they do not even see any of the 30,000 rupee (2.5 euro) per camera surcharge that, on top of the 15,000 rupee (1.2 euro) entrance fee, the guards of this natural reserve charge to tourists who come to photograph the volcano and their human mules.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"This work is for animals, not people" protests Madrusin, a burly 42-year porter who has been working at Kawah Ijen for three decades, since leaving school.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He can lift up to 110 kilos, ensuring that he will go on working "all he can" because he needs the money to educate his three children, aged between 18 [months?] and 10 years old.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I won't retire, I'll die here because the volcano has been my whole life.
neutral	the miners	Although the sulphur burns your throat and stings your eyes when the wind suddenly changes and traps the miners in the thick columns of smoke coming out of the volcano, they are so hardy that no-one complains of serious illnesses... apart, of course, from their common respiratory problems, osteoarthritis, knee pain and sores on the shoulders, which have been misshapen by the weight of the baskets.
male	Unainik	Balancing the basket on his back, Unainik can only carry 50 kilos now he is 53 years old.
male	Tamansari	Every day, he and his fellow workers break off 15 tonnes of sulphur from the volcano, which three lorries move to the warehouse in Tamansari, 18 kilometres away along a goat path that passes through scrubland.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"I won't retire, I'll die here because the volcano has been my whole life" says Unainik, opening a mouth full of gaps where teeth use to be.
male	children	The oldest of his five children, 30 years old, also works carrying sulphur.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Time passes, but poverty perpetuates from generation to generation in one of the hardest jobs in the world: the one done by human mules in the Kawah Ijen volcano.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Singapore seeks babies to save its economy
neutral	their careers	Singaporeans blame their careers, stress and the cost of property and education for not having children.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Singapore's population needs to grow."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I'm a patriotic husband, you're my patriotic wife, let's do our civic duty and create life!
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It may seem unlikely that these verses are part of an advert for mint sweets, but in spite of this - or perhaps because of it - the video went viral on YouTube in Singapore earlier this year.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The phrases are part of a rap and make use of local references such as "Let's put a bao (bun) in the oven" to make fun of the birth rate in Singapore.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The advertising company that made the video, BBH, is hopeful that the advertisement will manage to focus attention to the problem in a fun way.
neutral	Douglas Hamilton	Its creative director, Douglas Hamilton, says he wanted to use the power of music to make people perform their "national duty."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It's purely an Internet thing, so we had to make it fun and amusing.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It's the biggest problem facing this country.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We are the world's worst at reproducing our own progeny, so we felt it was an issue we had to address.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We knew the Government had tried many things, like launching perfumes with pheromones or organising speed dating evenings.
neutral	these ideas	Many of these ideas may have been creative, but they didn't necessarily work.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So we thought: why not be as creative as possible to solve the problem, by composing a rap?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	1.2 children
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But the Singapore Government is not taking it so lightly.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It spends USD 1,300 per year on policies to encourage people to have more children.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A government package for marriages and parents grants up to USD 15,000 per child, extends maternity leave and distributes tax benefits.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	But this has all had little effect.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Singapore is a rich, high technology city State in Southeast Asia, also known for the conservatism of its leaders and its strict social controls.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The birth rate in Singapore, according to its national population division, currently stands at 1.2 children per woman.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The last time it was over 2, known as the replacement rate, was in 1976.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So why are Singaporeans not having children?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Tan Wei Ming, Director of Marriage and Family Policy of the National Population Division, said that it is a result of "better education" and "a wider range of career opportunities."
male	a family	"This has given people a wider range of options in terms of life goals and priorities, beyond getting married and starting a family" he explains.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These changes in social norms have contributed to increasing numbers of people who are single, and delaying marriage and births, which has resulted in a decrease in the birth rate in Singapore.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Meanwhile, an EU immigration policy aimed at dramatically increasing immigration to cope with the population decline has created resentment among the local population.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Singapore, there are websites where xenophobia against many new immigrants is widespread and thinly disguised, especially the Chinese who are criticised for keeping wages low and not integrating.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Increased immigration is also seen as one of the reasons why, last year, the Singapore ruling party experienced its worst election result since independence.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Since the election there has been an attempt to correct the problem, with the highest taxes and levies for foreign workers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Unexpected consequences
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	While a fall in the birth rate has known effects on a nation's economic growth, tax revenues, healthcare costs and immigration policies, in Singapore's case there are also some unexpected consequences.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Government is trying not to build so many small houses.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For example, it has started to influence the real estate sector.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Its urban development authority has started to control the number of small apartments, known as "shoe boxes," which can be built in certain areas of the city.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	These apartments have a surface of 46 square metres and have been very successful in terms of sales.
neutral	a single-living lifestyle	However, there is concern that they may promote a single-living lifestyle and discourage developers who want to build large family houses.
male	EL Developers	But, Lim Yew Soon, managing director of the real estate company EL Developers, says his "shoe boxes" sell much faster than larger units.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They are more popular, in the sense that the units sell days, even weeks, faster than larger units.
neutral	our cash flow	This means they are much better for our cash flow.
neutral	developers	However, he admits that the new regulations give clearer guidance to developers, who previously had obstacles put in their way if they provided for too many small units in a project.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Too stressed
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Singapore is a city State.
neutral	these new rules	Although these new rules may be a step towards increasing the national birth rate, when talking to Singaporeans working in the central financial district, it seems they will not have much impact.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"People are very stressed, houses are expensive and so is education, so a lot of people are putting off having a family" says a young executive.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Other people can have children.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"But, for me, it is important to have my own money and time" says another young man of around 20 years old.
neutral	Men	Men and women alike mention their careers, stress and the cost of property and education as the reasons preventing them from having children.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	So, much as the Government is trying to encourage its citizens to have children, when it comes to babies, the Singaporeans have the last word.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What is private offline is private online
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Privacy.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to the Spanish Royal Academy Dictionary, it means the quality of private life or "the level of privacy which a person is entitled to protect from any interference."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What is privacy for an under 16?
neutral	social networks	How do you apply this definition to their daily life and social networks?
neutral	the Internet	Do they understand the dangers they are exposed to by airing information over the Internet which they probably would not share offline?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	ElPeriódico interviewed five children aged between ten and 15 years old who are frequent Internet users.
neutral	four cases	In four cases, they associated the term with "something very much mine" on a personal level, and "in the user name and password" when applied to social networks.
male	Jorge	"I wouldn't upload my deepest secrets in a post" says Jorge, aged ten, when trying to explain the meaning of privacy on sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Hotmail and Windows Live Messenger, with which he has had accounts for two years.
male	my mother	"They are very secret secrets, I'll tell my mother, but not everybody" he says.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	On FB I upload nice pictures or games.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And I have fun with people I know.
male	mine	"I wouldn't share a photo that isn't mine, or that belongs to somebody who's doing something stupid" he says.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The child recognises that it is bad to post obscene pictures of naked people, crimes, or write humiliating or aggressive comments.
male	Jorge	Jorge says he knows the 35 friends he has on FB and his nine followers on Twitter.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Most are relatives.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	His mother is included, and she has the password to one of the accounts.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I opened Twitter to express myself and post interesting tweets.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	"I don't know if they answer me, I only upload them" he adds.
male	Social networking	"Social networking is fun, I can talk quickly to relatives far away or my friends" he says.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He does not hesitate to reply that he would never accept a request from an unknown person.
male	notice	Nor would he take any notice of someone who recommends a stranger to him.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The case of Joseph, aged 14, is different.
male	My Space	This teenager has accounts with Hotmail, Facebook, My Space and Ask, and in the last case he admits not knowing 20 of the people added to his friends list.
male	music	"It doesn't bother me, because we have something in common, like music" he says.
male	The boy	The boy says that no-one has suggested anything to him or asked him for his home address or phone number.
male	my account	"If they pressured me or asked me for it, I'd just delete them from my account" he states.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Joseph became a follower on Ask, after reading a recommendation on Twitter.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This teenager is not alien to experiences of what is now known as cyberbullying.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	An acquaintance of a friend of mine was being pestered on a social network.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They were threatening him and demanding money from him.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	"I never found out who it was" he says.
male	The victim	The victim, according to José, did not close his account.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"He just made it private."
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He then explains a series of steps to configure the account safely.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Unlike Jorge, this boy would upload photos of acquaintances in uncomfortable or embarrassing situations.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	I would do it if I didn't like somebody, or they made me want to do it.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	"However, I know that's cyberbullying" he admits.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Key questions
neutral	teacher	Marielos Porras, an English teacher with a degree in Education and Learning, believes that to guide children and teenagers, they should understand that the purpose of social media is to inform.
male	The Internet	"The Internet emerged as a means of searching for information, but with the appearance of these websites, the rules of the game changed" he says.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Porras says the scholar Marc Prensky, with a Master's degree in Education from Yale University and author of the work Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants, coined these terms to explain the phenomenon.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Digital natives are those children and young people born with technology.
male	the digital immigrants	"We are the digital immigrants who have to teach them, when we are still in fact learning" he says.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He says that the issue is complex, "because we are asking them to have a clear policy on what is appropriate or not to disclose, publish or divulge, at an age at which maturity is not conducive to this."
male	friends	"They also have to be selective when what matters most is to be popular and have thousands of friends, without thinking of the consequences" he adds.
neutral	teenagers	According to the specialist, the most effective way to teach children and teenagers what privacy is, is through questions that make them think.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	"Telling them not to do it is no good" he adds.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Porras then lists some options: There are things you wouldn't tell a stranger, so why do it online?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Or, would you like a friend to publish a photo of you like the one you posted of a friend?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Do you know what others publish about you?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	When tagging party photos, did you ask the other people's permission to tag them?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And one more question: does everyone need to know what you're doing all the time?
neutral	Another point	Another point is to make them see that they must behave online as they do offline.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The rules are the same.
male	people	"Outside the Internet, people act with respect, morality and other principles, so they should act the same way on social networks" he says.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Monitoring
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Stuart Guard, a university professor, primary school teacher and educational consultant, says it is essential for parents to read social networks' policies thoroughly.
neutral	all the clauses	By understanding all the clauses, they have solid grounds to talk to their children about the implications of opening an online account.
male	the age	"For example, the age at which you are allowed to share or publish" he says.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	According to Guardia, it is important to remind children the "don't talk to strangers" lesson.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Unasur Summit closes without making public the Lima Declaration
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Sixth Presidential Summit of the South American Union of Nations (Unasur) concluded today in Peru without making public the Lima Declaration, previously announced and theoretically signed by the seven attendee leaders.
neutral	Chancellery	Efe repeatedly tried to gain access to the document signed at the Sixth UNASUR Meeting of Heads of State and Government, but Presidential and Chancellery sources initially said they would deliver it after the summit closed, but later they claimed that it will be published at some point on the Peruvian Government website.
neutral	Peruvian President	When asked about the text, they pointed out that the content had been disclosed by Peruvian President, Ollanta Humala, during a brief statement to the press.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Journalists' access to information from the Summit was restricted at all times.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	During the summit, in the press room, only video was aired, with no sound, showing the presidential meeting with the message "closed session, audio restricted."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The little information that circulated among reporters was given by the press spokesmen of some of the UNASUR governments attending the meeting, but not the Peruvian Government.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The only document released during the summit was the list of attending presidents, which angered hundreds of journalists from various national and international media, who asked for more details.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Peruvian President then sent an email to the media with the "final statement" of the summit, but this was Humala's statement, and not the official document that closed the summit.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Last October, Peru hosted the Third Summit of South American-Arab Countries (ASPA), and this time, despite repeated requests from the press, the previously announced Lima Declaration was again not made public.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The ASPA official website confirms that the document was published last Tuesday.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At both international events, the Peruvian authorities were at pains to ensure that there were broadcasting systems assured for all the journalists, but limited the obtaining of information to a maximum.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The summit also concluded with the joint commitment of Chile and Peru to accept a ruling by the Hague Court to adjudicate a border dispute between the two countries.
neutral	The Presidents	The Presidents of Peru, Ollanta Humala, and Chile, Sebastián Piñera, met during the regional event and confirmed that they will respect the decision of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), which on Monday, at The Hague, will start to hear the arguments of both parties, in the lawsuit Lima has filed against Santiago.
male	Humala	"We will obey and execute the order that currently defines the differences we are bringing before this international court" said Humala, together with his Chilean counterpart.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Chile has been, is and will remain a country that respects international law and the peaceful resolution of disputes, treaties and international courts" added Piñera, greeting Humala with a handshake, alongside the flags of the two countries.
neutral	Colombia	Confirmation of both presidents that they would submit to the ICJ came after Colombia this week denounced the Bogotá Pact, whereby it accepted to submit to the judgement of this international court, following a decision on its maritime boundary with Nicaragua which it regarded as seriously flawed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The summit was held with the absence of the Presidents of Brazil, Dilma Rousseff; Venezuela, Hugo Chavez; Bolivia, Evo Morales; and Argentina, Cristina Kirchner.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Paraguay, which was suspended by UNASUR in 2011 after the dismissal of former President Fernando Lugo, was not involved in the meeting.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Host President Ollanta Humala was responsible for opening the session in the morning and closing the summit, just after noon in Lima.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The President read the final document which reported that 16 agreements were adopted and the action plans laid down for 31 projects between the South American countries, for a total of 17 billion dollars of investments.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Among the resolutions adopted, it was mentioned that UNASUR countries will take "important steps toward the goal of a South American citizenship, for which residence agreements are being extended."
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He reported that actions are being implemented to improve "cooperation in the fight against insecurity and transnational organised crime, actions to make medication more accessible, low-cost Internet access in all areas of South America, and to deal jointly and efficiently with risks of natural disasters."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	With Europe in crisis, "economic consolidation (in Latin America) should not have a triumphalist attitude but should serve to expand its productive matrix and glimpse a better future for its people" Humala added.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"We decided to focus on a group of 31 flagship projects that will improve connection among areas of South America, especially in rural and border areas... uniting our countries and creating new economic networks" said the Peruvian President in a message read out.
male	Brazil	Among these projects, he mentioned that five are in Peru and are located in the transverse axes of its territory, between the coast and Brazil, and two focus on increased connection with Ecuador, although he gave no further details.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Also, the final document mentioned the political situation in Paraguay.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"We hope the electoral process in that country serves to reincorporate it in the Union of South American Nations," from which it is currently excluded.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The need for Latin America to remain a prosperous, peaceful and integrated nation, with good neighbourly relations, was another issue highlighted by the summit.
male	Juan Manuel Santos	In this sense, the President of Colombia, Juan Manuel Santos, said before attending the start of the regional event that he expected to meet with his counterpart from Nicaragua, Daniel Ortega, on Saturday in Mexico, to respectfully discuss the maritime dispute after the failure of the ICJ, questioned by Bogota.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"The day after tomorrow (Saturday) I might have a meeting with President Daniel Ortega" Santos said.
male	all these paths	"We will review all these paths, [which] are not exclusive, and the treaty with Nicaragua will require a conversation with Nicaragua" he emphasised.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"With President Ortega, I hope I can say that we handle this in the most civilised and respectful manner possible" said Santos.
neutral	Santos	Santos and Ortega are due to meet on Saturday in Mexico, where they expect to attend the inauguration of the country's new President, Enrique Peña Nieto.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Also, as part of the summit, the bloc's foreign defence ministers met in advance to approve the 2013 Action Plan, which seeks to strengthen dialogue and consensus on defence in the region.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil, Uruguay, Venezuela, Chile, Guyana, Surinam and Paraguay make up UNASUR, although the latter is currently suspended.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Peru has the pro tempore presidency of the regional bloc.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"South America should learn from Europe to integrate citizenship" says Rafael Correa
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The President of Ecuador, Rafael Correa, said today that the creation of a common citizenship is a goal that "South America, in this case, must learn from Europe."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Correa, who took part in the Eleventh Presidential Summit of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) held in Lima, told Peru's state television that Europeans "killed one another in the Second World War" and other conflicts, "but are now practically one country."
male	UNASUR	To this end, he defended the project to establish South American citizenship encouraged by member countries of UNASUR.
male	Andean Community	"We have to achieve the free movement of citizens and workers for any South American country, as is already the situation with members of the Andean Community. However, there are still reactionary sectors that want us to return to the past" he said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Ecuadorian President was also in favour of the restructuring of the Organisation of American States (OAS) under the premise of reducing the influence of the Anglo-Saxon states and taking into account those who have signed the Pact of San José on human rights.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Those who speak with authority never commit to anything, whereas we South Americans sign everything.
male	Julian Assange	"It is incomprehensible that the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights is in Washington under US funding" he said referring to Ecuador giving political asylum to WikiLeaks founder Julian Assange.
male	Correa	Correa said he does not regret that decision because with it he has not betrayed his principles, but has respected his "deep democratic and human rights values."
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He added that, at the time, "he had reasonable suspicion that Assange would be extradited to another country and that his case would not be respected."
male	London	Additionally, he criticised the Swedish courts for demanding that he be subject to questioning for an alleged sexual offence in his country, when "Swedish legislation itself dictates that he can be questioned via videoconference, which could be done from the Ecuadorian Embassy in London."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Correa said that there is a risk of deterioration of Assange's physical and mental health.
male	the Ecuadorian President	"I have not spoken to him since he was at our embassy, but the ambassador informed me that he had a minor lung problem, nothing serious" said the Ecuadorian President.
male	his physical and mental health	What there is, is the danger that his physical and mental health may deteriorate due to being locked in a small space without any outdoor exercise.
male	the health	"That would complicate the health of any person" he added.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Correa said that the solution to the asylum granted to Assange in June by the Ecuadorian Embassy, in London, through the issue of a safe-conduct pass that permits travel to Ecuador, is in the hands of Great Britain, Sweden and the European legal authorities, and stressed that there have been talks with London to seek a solution to the imprisonment of the WikiLeaks founder.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We do not negotiate with human rights, we do not use that word in this case, but there have been ongoing discussions.
male	Assange	"The solution to this problem is in the hands of Great Britain, Sweden and the European legal authorities, because Assange's lawyer, Baltazar Garzon, is handling a series of cases in different European courts" he said.
male	the safe-conduct pass	And he felt that "if Britain says no to the safe-conduct pass, it's over."
male	Mr Assange	And if Sweden, as its legislation perfectly well allows it to do, and as it has done in other cases, questions Mr Assange at the Embassy of Ecuador in London, or interrogates him via Skype tomorrow, this problem is over.
male	Correa	Correa took the opportunity to reassert himself as a defender of freedom of the press and stated that what he does not tolerate is "the mediocrity, dishonesty and lies that undermine the freedom of expression."
male	The greatest enemies	"The greatest enemies of the press freedom are not evil and wicked politicians, but bad journalists depending on profit, blackmail and extortion" he said.
male	Ecuador	In that regard, he welcomed the fact that it was no longer these journalists, "or the bankers or bourgeois and hegemonic countries that dominate Ecuador" and said that, if re-elected, he will "step up the revolution to continue on the same path and in the right direction."
neutral	Paraguay	Correa also supported the decision to maintain the veto on Paraguay in UNASUR, at least until their next elections, arguing that the body "must be firm and not tolerate opportunism and a coup masked with legality" because this will in fact "destroy the legitimacy of Paraguayan democracy."
male	The Ecuadorian President	The Ecuadorian President also considered the "perfectly pertinent" desire of his Colombian counterpart, Juan Manuel Santos, to now negotiate with Nicaragua the maritime boundary between the two countries, after the ruling of the International Court of Justice in The Hague, in favour Nicaraguan maritime sovereignty.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For now that ruling is not being followed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It is a problem between a South American country and a Central American one.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Conflict is inevitable, but must be overcome by the desire to walk together.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They need to be processed in a comprehensive manner to overcome them and move forward.
male	the same court	Additionally, he trusted in a sound conclusion to the maritime boundary dispute opposing Peru and Chile in the same court and said that "it is right for Latin America to refer to international courts if both countries agree to accept losing, however hard it may be."
male	Ecuador	With reference to the possibility of his standing as a candidate in the upcoming presidential elections in Ecuador seeking a third consecutive term, he said he sees that possibility "with much optimism and joy, although at times it is pretty hard."
male	Correa	Correa said that if he loses the elections in February 2013, he will retire from public life.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Personally, I've never been interested in power, but in situations as unjust as those in Ecuador, socio-economic poverty can only be corrected by political power.
male	My political movement	"My political movement believed that it was me who ensured that probable victory, so we have to accept that responsibility" he said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If I won, it would be my last period in office and then I would leave public life.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If I lose, likewise.
male	a decision	"It's a decision" he confirmed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Correa also referred to Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez's new health treatment in Cuba.
male	Vice President Nicolás Maduro	I just spoke with Venezuelan Vice President Nicolás Maduro and he tells me that Chavez went for treatment that was already planned, routine treatment, and it was expected he would win the campaign and return to Cuba.
male	President Chavez	"This does not mean a health relapse for President Chavez" he said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Lima today, the Ecuadorian Head of State attended the Sixth Summit of Heads of State and Government of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), which concluded with calls for greater regional integration to sustain progress, equality and security.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Deaths caused by AIDS are nowadays due to late detection
male	HIV	Fabrizio was 21 years old when they confirmed his test result: HIV positive.
male	the doctor	"It was like a bomb dropped on me" he says, recalling the time of the announcement, which the doctor was trying to make "softer," apparently unsuccessfully.
male	The boy	The boy hid it from his family.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He decided to care for his illness alone and began to learn about it; thanks to his efforts he has just celebrated his 43rd birthday.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He is undoubtedly one of the oldest patients in the HIV Unit of the Guadalajara Civil Hospital (CHG), where he arrived in 1994 after several battles with his health.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Fabrizio has lived with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for 22 years, hard to imagine in the early '90s, when there were many questions, few treatment options and a great deal of stigma.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	Then, even the director of an IMSS [Mexican Social Security Institute] clinic refused to discharge him "because he had a cut."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At that time, having Aids was synonymous with death.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Now it is possible to survive the syndrome and do so with quality of life.
neutral	the virus	However, many people are still unaware of their illness, and only seek help when the virus has already caused havoc, "exhausted" their immune systems and they are suffering from opportunistic infections.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	31 years after of the onset of AIDS around the world, at least since the first reported cases, "the great achievement at this time is that the life expectancy of patients starting treatment in good time and the life expectancy of the general population is exactly equal" stated the head of the CHG HIV Unit, Jaime Andrade Villanueva, saying that this information was endorsed in April this year in a prestigious scientific journal.
neutral	HIV/AIDS	Infectious disease specialist and expert in HIV/AIDS, Andrade Villanueva said that since 2008 scientists had concluded that AIDS was not a death sentence, but that life expectancy and quality of life depend on the degree of damage to the immune system that patients present when they are diagnosed, with a higher life expectancy for non-drug users: up to 30 years for patients with a 200 CD4 count and 50 years for those reporting a 500 CD4 count.
neutral	HIV	In simple terms, this means that anyone diagnosed HIV positive at 25 years old, under these terms and "as long as they keep it under control, can live with no problems to 75" said the interviewee.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	To gauge this progress, it should be remembered that the average life expectancy of Mexicans today is 76 years.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Although mortality has dropped significantly in recent years and, in the case of Mexico, the number of people dying of AIDS has fallen from 6,678 in 2007 to 4,862 in 2011 (UNAIDS annual report), it is also true that since the advent of AIDS, 60 per cent of patients in the national database have died.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In Jalisco alone, only 255 people died in 2011, and there have been 187 deaths up to May of this year; however, we are assured that there has been universal access to antiretroviral drugs since 2005.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- Why are do still deaths occur?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	- I think the problem is not to do with access to treatment.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That's how I view it, and that's how it's been at our hospital.
neutral	patients	For at least the last 12 years we've had no shortage of medicine, the problem is that patients arrive in an advanced state of illness because they are unaware of their HIV status, that is to say, the later stages of the disease.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He gave a compelling statistic: "Nine out of ten patients arrive when they already have an opportunistic infection, so what needs to be done to have a greater impact on overall mortality is to make earlier diagnoses and, therefore, offer mass detection tests for everyone who needs them. "
male	Fabrizio	Specialists and officials of the State Council of AIDS Prevention in Jalisco (COESIDA) agree on this proposal, as do the patients themselves, such as Fabrizio, who came to be tested at a private laboratory, motivated only because a friend had done so and, despite his young age, he was around in the AIDS era and had even suffered Kaposi sarcoma, a cancerous tumour that is one of the common complications.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Everything changes when you know you have AIDS.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Some people think they're going to die and don't want to know anything.
neutral	a blow-out three times	"If I'm going to die, I'd rather have a blow-out three times a week" they say, but not in my case.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The change was for the better; I eat well, I exercise, I take my drugs.
male	parents	To date, his parents are only aware he had cancer.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I live as normal a life as anyone else.
male	Fabrizio	"I work, I take part in a lot of activities, I travel, I have an active but responsible sex life, I take care of myself and the other person" said Fabrizio, who agreed to share his intimate secrets with MILENIO JALISCO, to motivate those people with his story who today, in the context of World AIDS Day, are afraid.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	They should get tested if they are at risk. because the sooner they know if they are HIV positive, the better, and if they have already been diagnosed, they must learn to live like any other person, while being responsible.
male	AIDS	This is his message, which summarises the theme of the fight against AIDS in 2012.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Condoms behind the counter.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The gaps between health programmes and ordinary citizens are huge, said Ricardo Salazar, a journalist from Guadalajara who has taken up the HIV cause.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And the greatest cure is prevention.
male	the distribution	In places dedicated to this task "the distribution of condoms has actually increased; previously, they used to give us one or two, now they give us packets of a hundred, and that's fine, but it turns out there are still people out there who have no access condoms" he said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Among the most vulnerable to new infections are teenagers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Why do you want them?" is a common question, asked with sarcasm and judged according to the values of social workers, counsellors, pharmacy workers and healthcare staff who do not want to expose teenagers to sex, said the speaker.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It was decided to change such inefficient allocation, and that condoms should not only be placed behind counters, but that packets of one hundred should be found in public toilet dispensers in places frequented by young people.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This is not promoting promiscuity.
male	beers	It is not about paying for their beers or motel fees, as Governor Emilio Gonzalez said, when asked if there would be distribution of condoms during his administration.
male	condoms	"And it's not about sexuality, but it is best to provide condoms to those already practising sexual activity" he said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Jalisco key points
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There are 13,435 cumulative cases (12,158 AIDS and 1,317 HIV).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The state is 4th in the nation in new and cumulative cases of AIDS and 13th in HIV.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	92% of new infections are through sex, 6% via the bloodstream and 2% perinatal.
neutral	around 4-5 people	An estimated 50,000 people may be living with HIV, as for each registered case there are around 4-5 people who do not know they are positive.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Ratified by a United States court of appeal, a judgement which ignores the restructuring of the Vitro Group's debt achieved via a bankruptcy in Mexico, the scenario is an ominous precedent for any national company with offices in the neighbouring country that has solvency problems.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It seems, then, that the proceedings in support of survival of firms permit Mexican law are not valid in the land of stars and stripes, contrary to international conventions.
neutral	Mexican firms	In practical terms, the endorsement of the judgement delivered on 15 June by Judge Harlin Hale of the Bankruptcy Court of the Northern District of Texas, leaves Mexican firms defenceless against possible seizure of their property outside of Mexico.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, the decision opens the door for the leading glass manufacturer in Mexico to appeal to the Supreme Court of the United States, claiming three inconsistencies.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	From the start, while the trial judge notes that creditors should be governed by the United States Bankruptcy Code, the Court of Appeal for the Fifth Circuit, based in New Orleans, states that the main action is the insolvency action handled in Mexico.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The first point would involve ignoring international procedural cooperation in cases of insolvency of companies with transnational profiles.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Indeed, the UN Model Law for International Trade Law Uniformity was created for this purpose, with the American Law Institute positioned as arbitrator.
neutral	Vitro	Secondly, the judgement establishes that without the intercompany vote, with the debts the Vitro subsidiaries had with their parent company recognised in the critical mass of the insolvency, the majority needed to approve the restructuring might not be achieved.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, Mexican law recognises the possibility.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In fact, the Vitro case was not the first one in which the scheme was accepted.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There are half a dozen examples, including Agremex and Commercial Mexicana, whose intercompany debts were endorsed by the Federal Bankruptcy Institute.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What is also certain is that, not including the votes of subsidiaries, the Vitro creditors who fought against it in the US courts, namely "vulture" funds such as Aurelios Capital, Aurelios Convergence, Elliot International and Liverpool Limited, did not achieve a majority.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The vote was apparently 45 percent versus 37.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	This data is omitted by the Court of Appeal.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	From another perspective, the latter blames Vitro for the difficult situation it has faced since 2008, while trying to avoid the severe economic crisis faced by the United States, turning its back on the country.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	For now, the Gonzalez Sada family firm has lodged a motion for reconsideration before the Court of Appeal for the vote to reach the plenary of the court, that is, the five judges, given that only three voted previously.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Should this fail, an appeal for review by a higher court, in this case the US Supreme Court, will be filed.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The real problem is that the court bypassed a document sent by the Government of Mexico in the capacity of amicus curiae ("friend of the Court"), which details the procedure followed by Vitro under the framework of the Commercial Insolvency Law, noting that the latter discharged itself with adherence to the agreements signed by the two countries to link it with Chapter 15 of the Bankruptcy Act of the United States.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Moreover, it should be noted that the country yielded to the principles of the United Nations Commission on International Trade, that is the rules set for cross-border insolvency cases, ensuring fairness for debtors and creditors.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Double whammy: Vitro hit and country hit.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Balance Sheet
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	With the complaints put on the table by the unions of Mexicana Airlines against the former owner of the company, Gastón Azcárraga Andrade, who is accused of mismanagement, dormant for several months, the Airline Pilots Union Association already found the bottleneck.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The proceedings headed by Carlos Diaz Chavez Morineau has just filed a criminal complaint against the National Banking and Securities Commission, which is accused of obstructing justice.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The claim is that the supervisory authority has consistently refused to provide reports to the Attorney General's Office on a transaction carried out by the employer to remove 198 million pesos from trust F/589 of Banco IXE, on behalf of Mexicana de Aviación.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The resources were apparently channelled towards the purchase of shares in the company Administradora Profesional de Hoteles.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As you know, Azcarraga Andrade is the main shareholder of the Posadas hotel chain.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Opposing Dragon Mart
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A group of local and foreign environmentalists, academics, businessmen and members of the public gathered at the weekend at a forum at the University of the Caribbean to approve the creation of a broad front to oppose the opening of the Chinese Dragon Mart in Cancun.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As you know, we are talking about a huge sales and distribution centre in Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, selling Chinese products, with a residential area at the bottom for employees of 150 companies.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Previously, Canacintra had managed to unite the governors of the southeast of Mexico to oppose the monumental building that destroyed part of a protected area and represents the mother of all threats to industry.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The death of ACTA
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Government ignored an order of the Senate to explain under what terms and conditions the Mexican Ambassador in Japan signed the Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement, known by its acronym ACTA, according to the Mexican Institute of Industrial Property, and the matter has already been archived.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	As you know, the action was taken even though the Senate had ruled out the possibility, deeming it an infringement of freedom of expression on social networks.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Homex long term
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	In effort to repay long-term debt without affecting short-term debt, the housing developer Homex is placing securities exchange certificates on the market for 500 million pesos.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The issue is the first of four identical issues which are offering to repay interest every 28 days.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Birth of Competival
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A consortium under the name Competival has just been established, comprising the companies NYCE, e-Quality and Kernet, leaders in information technology, the objective of which will be to market the services of software clusters in Central and South America.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Investments in this area exceed USD 1.5 billion.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Hector "Hetin" Reyes: "Basketball has been my life"
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Basketball globetrotter Hector "Hetin" Reyes was involved in the sport for over 60 years and, thanks to it, travelled the world.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Few people in Puerto Rico have a mental recollection of local basketball history as broad as that of Héctor "Hetin" Reyes.
male	Reyes	Reyes was immersed in the sport for over 60 years before being confined to a wheelchair in 2008 following a stroke; he was a minor league player, National Superior Basketball player, BSN representative and manager with the Bayamón Vaqueros or President of the Basketball Federation.
male	Reyes	"I wore lots of hats in basketball throughout my life, including several at the same time, like when I was president of the BSN, general manager and federative president of the National Team during the '90s," recalled Reyes during Primera Hora's visit to his home in Bayamón, where he lives with Isabel, his loyal wife for over 50 years.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Basketball has been my life."
male	Reyes	Reyes is not exaggerating when he makes that statement.
male	The walls	The walls of his house are almost totally decorated with pictures and memorabilia denoting his long career, which goes to prove it.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Bayamón at heart
male	Vaqueros	Of them all, the ones he treasures with the most emotion are the ones that remind him of his time spent with the Vaqueros, from the mid-50s as a player until 1982, when he completed 15 years serving as co-agent or agent of the franchise.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Those were my best years, the ones I enjoyed the most because I had the opportunity to be part of the Vaqueros' eight championships, since 1967, either as agent, co-agent or manager.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There were many good years, including the five consecutive championships from 1971 to 1975.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And then I said goodbye with one in 1981, Jerome Mincy's debut year in the BSN.
male	Ortiz	Then "Cuco" Ortiz took over - he was a great manager" said Reyes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I remember that Gene Bartow, who had directed here and was at the University of Alabama (Birmingham), said to me 'I've got a very strong player for you, 6'7" tall.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Do you want him?'
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And that was the beginning of Mincy, one of the best players Puerto Rico ever had.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Bartow then recommended the sharpshooter Gausse Raymond, who established residency here and was one of our best shooters.
male	Gausse	I remember him saying that if Mincy had given Bayamon one championship, Gausse would help get another.
male	Gausse	The Vaqueros' championship with Gausse was enjoyed, but from a distance, because in 1988 he was already becoming a federative bigshot.
male	Mincy	For that time, he preferred to enjoy his own and Mincy's accomplishments in the national team.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I remember when we beat the United States for the first time during the 1989 Pre-Olympics in Mexico.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Then came the 1990 World Cup, where we came fourth and it should have been bronze, but for the Canadian referee who made us repeat the final play for the second time, said Reyes.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Is the 1990 World National Team the best you've ever seen?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It's one of the best, as good as the one that beat the Dream Team in the 2004 Olympics.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	However, my favourite was the one in the 1991 Pan American Games in Cuba, when we won gold and gave the US team a beating, which was quite similar to the time we won bronze at the World Cup.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That team not only again included Mincy, Gausse, Ramon Rivas, Fico López and 'Piculín' (Ortiz), but also the young (Javier) 'Toñito' Colón and James Carter, the Leon brothers (Francisco and Edgar) and Mario 'Quijote' Morales, who was kept out of the 90 team by a knee injury.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	A team that maybe was not the best in terms of members, but which gave us a gold medal and was a great joy to work with, was the 1995 Pre-Olympic team in Neuquen, Argentina.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	With role players such as 'Canito' Nieves, Pablo Alicea and the young Rolando Hourruitiner replacing the players suspended after the shambles of the Mar del Plata Pan-American Games, we won gold against all the odds.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Who was the best Puerto Rican player?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Without any doubt, Piculín Ortiz.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	His numbers at international tournament level are awesome.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Nobody in Puerto Rico has dominated at that level like Piculín did.
male	his career	Not to mention his career in the various leagues he played in.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Who was the best Puerto Rican manager?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That's a difficult one.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We had a very good team, including Julio Toro, Flor Melendez, Carlos Morales, Raymond Dalmau, Armandito Torres.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Of the youngsters, I really like the work of Leo Arill.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What do you consider your greatest achievement in the federation?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Having been part of the National Team's most glorious era between 1988 and 1995 and in the early 90s the BSN had up to 17 teams in a season.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What was there left for you to do?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	There were things I'd have liked to implement, such as regionalising the minor leagues.
neutral	Ponce	For example, the boys of Ponce only play in their area and only get to face teams from other parts of the island in the national playoffs.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Right now the kids are riding and playing too much, unnecessarily.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At least I see the fruit of compulsory certifications and a course for leaders, table officials and referees.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	That pleases me.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	What are you doing now?
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The most I do is listen to music, watch music videos from my era on YouTube, enjoy my grandchildren and occasionally go to basketball games.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And of course, enjoy the company of my wife, Elizabeth, who has always been with me.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Actor Larry Hagman dies
male	Larry Hagman	Larry Hagman, born on 21 September 1931 in Fort Worth (Texas), became world famous for his role as John Ross Ewing, better known as "JR," in the television series "Dallas," in which he played a ruthless, malicious and manipulative businessman.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Larry Hagman, whose role as oil tycoon predator JR Ewing in the television series "Dallas" became a symbol of greed in the 1980s, has died.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He was 81.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Hagman, who returned this year as JR in a new season of "Dallas," died on Friday afternoon of cancer complications, according to a family statement provided to the Associated Press by the Warner Bros., producer of "Dallas."
male	Larry	"Larry was back in his beloved hometown of Dallas, once again representing the iconic role he most liked" the family said.
male	Larry	Larry's family and closest friends were with him in Dallas for the Thanksgiving Day holiday.
female	Hagman	Linda Gray, who played his wife in the original series and the sequel, was with Hagman when he died in a hospital in Dallas, said her publicist, Jeffrey Lane.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He brought joy to all who knew him.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He was creative, generous, funny, loving and talented, and I will miss him dearly.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"He was an original guy and lived life to the full" said Gray in a statement.
male	Hagman	Hagman was diagnosed with cirrhosis of the liver in 1992 and admitted that he had drunk a lot over the years.
male	In 1995 a malignant tumour	In 1995 a malignant tumour as found in his liver and he underwent a transplant.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Years before "Dallas," Hagman became famous on television as a decent guy in the light comedy "I Dream of Jeannie," aired on NBC from 1965 to 1970.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He played Captain Tony Nelson, an astronaut whose life is changed when he meets an attractive genie, played by Barbara Eden, and takes her home to live with him.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He also starred in two sitcoms that were not aired for long, "The Good Life" (NBC, 1971-72) and "Here We Go Again" (ABC, 1973).
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	His film work included roles well received by critics in "The Group," "Harry and Tonto" and "Primary Colors."
male	Hagman	But it was his masterful interpretation of delightfully detestable JR that led to Hagman reaching his peak of stardom.
neutral	Ewing	The drama series on CBS about the Ewing clan and other characters in their orbit aired from April 1978 to May 1991.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The tagline "Who shot JR?," designed to generate hype around an episode full of emotions in which Hagman's character is nearly killed, generated international speculation and millions of risky dollars wagered in gaming establishments.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It also helped give the series a record audience at the time.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	When the answer was revealed in an episode in November 1980, an average of 41 million viewers tuned in and made "Dallas" the second most watched entertainment programme in history, after the final episode of "MASH" in 1983, which had 50 million viewers.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It was JR's sister-in-law Kristin (played by Mary Crosby) who shot him.
male	a prostitute	JR got her pregnant then threatened to say she was a prostitute unless she left town, but there were others who also had reasons to attack him.
male	Sue Ellen	Hagman portrayed Ewing as a corrupt insatiable man with a charismatic smile: a dishonest entrepreneur and cheating husband who tried to have his alcoholic wife, Sue Ellen (Linda Gray), sectioned.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"I know what I want on JR's tombstone" Hagman said in 1988.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It should read: "Here lies the honest citizen JR Ewing."
male	the only deal	This is the only deal he lost.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Victoria Principal, co-star of the original series, recalled Hagman on Friday as someone "huge, on and off screen."
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He is unforgettable and irreplaceable, for millions of fans around the world, and in the hearts of each one of us who was fortunate enough to know and love him.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Ten episodes of the new edition of "Dallas" were broadcast a few months ago with great success for TNT.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He had already finished recording five episodes for the second series and a sixth was in process, the chain reported.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Immediately after, there was no statement from Warner or TNT about how the series would handle the loss of Hagman.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Hagman, born in Fort Worth, Texas, was the son of actress and singer Mary Martin, who starred in classics such as "South Pacific" and "Peter Pan."
female	Ben Hagman	Martin was still a teenager when she had him in 1931 during her marriage to lawyer Ben Hagman.
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He tried his luck in the New York theatre scene in the early '50s, and later served in the Air Force from 1952 to 1956, in England.
female	Maj Axelsson	While there, he met the young Swedish designer Maj Axelsson and married her.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The couple had two sons, Preston and Heidi, and lived for a long time in the Californian city Malibu, home to many celebrities.
male	Darlin	In 2001, he called his memoirs "Hello Darlin': Tall (and Absolutely True) Tales About My Life."
male	Associated Press	"I didn't put anything in it that I believed would hurt anyone or affect them in any way" he told Associated Press at the time.
male	his liver transplant	After his liver transplant, he became an organ donation promoter and worked as a volunteer at a hospital, helping fearful patients.
male	their surgery	"I advise them, encourage them, meet with them when they come for their surgery, and afterwards" he said in 1996.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I try to offer some comfort, such as "Don't be afraid, it will be a little uncomfortable for a short time, but then you'll be fine."
unknown	ROBERTA-TAG-EXCEPTION	He was also an anti-smoking activist and took part in several campaigns.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Start of a course that explores the "End of the World"
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Each week, students explore apocalyptic themes such as nuclear war, zombies, viruses and germs, and global warming.
male	Stuart Charmé	This term, when Professor of religion, Stuart Charmé, decided to give a course on the end of the world, he knew he had a compelling hook: The end of the "long countdown" of the Mayan calendar, 21 December, which had convinced many people that the end of the world was coming.
male	Charmé	But Charmé had no idea what awaited him over the next couple of months: The cataclysmic hurricane Sandy, a fiscal precipice some called "debt Armageddon" and a growing conflict involving Israel, where end-of-the-world Christians theorists think the Apocalypse will begin.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"I didn't realise this was going to be the most apocalyptic term ever" said Charmé this week to students at Rutgers-Camden University (New Jersey).
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If you look at what has been happening in the world today as if we were at 30 days and counting, this has been a really good period.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And remember that bad is good for those with an apocalyptic mentality.
male	professor	And he is not the only professor who offers courses on the "end of the world" this term, theoretically the last in history.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At Temple, Associate Professor Barry Vacker is giving the course "Media, Culture and the end of the world."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Each week, students explore apocalyptic themes such as nuclear war, zombies, viruses and germs, and global warming.
neutral	time	"We looked at why these ideas proliferate over time" he said, and how they offer hypothetical scenarios that guide human behaviour.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	If nuclear material falls into the hands of terrorists, for example, a war could break out.
neutral	movies	This month students analysed movies with an apocalyptic theme and explored how they compare with real-life examples.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"I've tried to inform students about what is possible, probable, credible and impossible" said Vacker.
male	Art	At the main Pennsylvania State University campus, Latin American History Professor Matthew Restall, and his colleague Amara Solari, an Associate Art History and Anthropology Professor, have teamed up to give a course, called simply "The end of the world."
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"We don't add '2012' so we always have the option of running the course again, if the world doesn't come to an end" said Restall.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Despite the "impending doom," students have to study, undertake projects and take final exams.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	At Penn State, the final exam will be taken on the eve of the Apocalypse, which leaves students no choice but to work "until the very night the world is supposed to end" said Restall.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The courses proved quite popular.
male	Restall	"It was fully booked within two hours" said Restall, on his course for students with high averages, which was filled with 35 students.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We received emails for weeks and weeks before the start of the term, from people asking if there were any places.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Students, meanwhile, say the course is one of the most interesting around.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"I find it fascinating to see what people do to console themselves" said Bridgid Robinson, a 23-year-old post-graduate Religion and Sociology student from Haddonfield, New Jersey, at Rutgers-Camden.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	And the apocalyptic, secular or religious mentality is just a matter consolation or a lack of it.
male	Will Wekesa	Will Wekesa, a 25-year-old post-graduate Psychology and Nursing student, said he had seen all the apocalyptic movies.
male	a class	"I'd never heard of a class that could teach it" he said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	I enjoy it.
neutral	students	But none of the students interviewed - much less any professor - said they believed in the end date of December 21st.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Our first project was about the Mayan prophecy and to a certain extent we discredited it" said Julie Zeglen, a 21-year-old final year student at Temple, from West Chester.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Mayans never predicted the end of the world: it is just a key point in the calendar, said Restall.
neutral	Western culture	But he said that Western culture suffers from apocalyptic anxiety, which goes back several centuries, in which people react to changes around them by predicting the end of the world.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	The Internet has caused a boom in these speculations.
male	people	"In other places, people don't think about it" he said.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	It's mostly in the English-speaking world.
male	Joseph Dougherty	Joseph Dougherty, a Professor of religion at La Salle University, who is giving courses in the Philippines this year, responded quickly to the question of whether he knew about any courses on the "end of the world" there.
male	The Philippines	"The Philippines are not taking part in the end of the world" he wrote, suggesting an exception of a higher authority.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	We have an indulgence from the Pope.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Restall noted that over the years there has been talk of many days of the last judgement, and said that if nothing happens on December 21st, "people will immediately start thinking of the next date" or philosophising that December 21st is the beginning of a seven-year period after which the world will end.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	Students and teachers are taking the date lightly.
neutral	parties	Some said they plan to go to "end of the world" parties.
unknown	ROBERTA-NO-TAG	"Maybe I'll call some friends so we can have a laugh together" said Samira Ford, 20-year-old communications student.
