Alleles, genotypes and haplotypes (combinations of alleles) have been widely used in gene-disease association studies.
This article reviews the rationale of the four types of association analyses and discusses the situations in which diplotype-based analyses are more powerful than the other types of association analyses.
In circumstances where there are no interaction effects between markers and where the criteria for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE) are met, the larger sample size and smaller degrees of freedom of allele-based and haplotype-based association analyses make them more powerful than genotype-based and diplotype-based association analyses, respectively.
However, the classic linear regression analysis assumes that the data are normally distributed, an assumption that is not met by the data obtained in many studies.
But semi-parametric models are quite sensitive to outlying observations, so the generated estimates are unreliable when study data includes outliers.
In this situation, some researchers trim the extreme values prior to conducting the analysis, but the ad-hoc rules used for data trimming are based on subjective criteria so different methods of adjustment can yield different results.
Rank regression provides a more objective approach to dealing with non-normal data that includes outliers.
A Medline search was used to identify studies assessing effects of choline in human fetal development. Studies of other prenatal risk factors for schizophrenia and the role of cholinergic neurotransmission in its pathophysiology were also identified.
The organization of risk genes within signaling pathways may provide clues about the converging neurobiological effects of risk genes for alcohol dependence.
Identify risk genes and risk gene pathways for alcohol dependence.
The onset, course, and management of mental health problems typically occur over relatively long periods of time, so a substantial proportion of psychiatric research - particularly the research that can provide clear answers about the complex interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors - requires multiple assessments of individuals and the environments in which they live over time.
However, many psychiatric researchers use incorrect statistical methods to analyze this type of longitudinal data, a problem that can result in unrecognized bias in analytic results and, thus, incorrect conclusions.
It discusses the different dataset structures used in the analysis of longitudinal data, the classification and management of missing data, and methods of adjusting for intra-individual correlation when developing multivariate regression models using longitudinal data.
Agreement and correlation are widely-used concepts that assess the association between variables.
Although similar and related, they represent completely different notions of association.
Assessing agreement between variables assumes that the variables measure the same construct, while correlation of variables can be assessed for variables that measure completely different constructs.
Faldaprevir analogue molecule (FAM) has been reported to effectively inhibit the catalytic activity of HCV NS3/4A protease, making it a potential lead compound against HCV.
A series of HCV NS3/4A protease crystal structures were analyzed by bioinformatics methods, and the FAM-HCV NS3/4A protease crystal structure was chosen for this study.
The effect of R155K, D168E/V and V170T site-directed mutagenesis on FAM molecular recognition was analyzed for their effect on drug resistance, which provided the possible molecular explanation of FAM resistance.
This study aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying the effect of parental attachment on post-traumatic growth (PTG) among adolescents.
The results showed that parental attachment had a direct association with PTG, two significant one-step indirect associations with PTG (through justice beliefs and cognitive reappraisal), two significant two-step indirect associations (through feelings of safety via justice beliefs and justice beliefs via cognitive reappraisal), and one significant three-step indirect association (through feelings of safety via justice beliefs by cognitive reappraisal).
The results indicated that feelings of safety, justice beliefs, and cognitive reappraisal mediated the association between parental attachment and PTG.
We adopted a transnational perspective in a bigger qualitative project to consider both sides of the migratory spectrum.
Here we focus on elderly family members who remain behind-a group largely neglected in prior research.
Our findings illustrate the complex emotions and relational changes experienced by elderly people whose families emigrate.
New technologies bridge distances, allowing new ways to connect and take care of each other, and of re-imagining transnational relationships and what constitutes family life, but these bridges cannot negate the loss experienced by those remaining.
People have to make sense of the emigration and forge new relational bonds with remaining family members.
This study aimed to investigate (a) the psychometric properties and the internal consistency reliability of the Italian version of SCORE-15, (b) clinical responsiveness, and (c) normative (Italian) criteria. Furthermore, (d) the study sought to evaluate the participants' representation of both their family and their problems, analyzing open-ended questions included in the SCORE-15.
Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) is a widely practiced clinical approach that is increasingly being used among clinicians to address the systemic effects of developmental disabilities in the family.
Results are mixed for relationship education (RE) interventions with low-income couples.
Analyses included three separate dyadic models that examined associations among constructs at baseline and immediately following the RE intervention.
Results demonstrated relationships between participants' reported social support and family functioning such that (a) social support was associated with baseline family functioning for both men and women; (b) men's baseline social support was influenced by women's baseline family functioning; and (c) men's and women's social support change score had a positive influence on their own family functioning change score.
However, social support was not a significant mediator of change in family functioning.
Implications for RE practice and research are also discussed.
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome (LFS) is a hereditary disorder that confers an approximately 90% lifetime risk of cancer and requires comprehensive lifetime cancer screening.
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 23 families.
Family groupings were comprised of 2-5 members, with the younger generation in each family ranging in age from 7 to 40 years.
The health leader role was intergenerational and provided the family necessary support in navigating complicated healthcare decisions.
Our findings provide insight into healthcare providers regarding how LFS patients and their relatives develop unique medical decision-making and caring roles influenced by the hereditary nature of LFS, and how these roles change over time.
However, these interventions have had limited impacts on the relationships of low-income couples.
Results suggest that future interventions designed to target low-income couples, as well as practitioners working with low-income couples, should be prepared to handle higher levels of relationship distress and contextual stressors than they may typically see in more affluent couples.
Findings support an underrepresentation of family members, other than the intimate partner, in research on adult health.
Participants included a sample of 256 parents of 5- to 12-year-old children (child M age = 8.36, SD = 2.03, 54.7% male; parent M age = 34.49, SD = 6.20, 59% female).
Data on demographic information, parenting behaviors, and child emotion regulation abilities were collected via online questionnaires at baseline and 12 months.
Family-level conflict and cohesion are well-established predictors of adolescent mental health.
Both cohesion and conflict exhibited meaningful daily variation.
Adolescent-reported cohesion and conflict had unique within-family associations with all six adolescent outcomes.
Cross-level interactions indicated that within-family variations in cohesion were only associated with adolescent depression in families with lower average levels of cohesion across days.
In sum, this study provides compelling evidence that families exhibit meaningful variability from day to day and that daily variation has important implications for adolescent well-being.
Family connectedness has important implications for adolescents' well-being, contributing to their physical, psychological, and social health.
With longitudinal mediation path models, we tested whether maladaptive and adaptive coping strategies at T2 functioned as mediators between family connectedness at T1 and overall health, vitality, sleep sufficiency, body satisfaction, substance use, and self-harm at T3.
Findings revealed that family connectedness predicted greater levels of adaptive coping, which, in turn, predicted better health indicators but not decreases in ill-health indicators.
These results have important implications for practitioners working with adolescents and parents, as well as for health promotion program developers.
The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used to guide collection, coding, and analysis of interview data.
Findings revealed that implementation success was related to ABFT's fit with the CWS's mission, philosophy, and existing practices.
We also examine whether each spouse's attachment behaviors can moderate these effects.
Results indicated that one's own attachment behaviors moderate the effects of their own parents' and friends' disapproval on their self-reported relationship quality for both men and women.
In this paper we present an overview on clinical applications of KTP in both cosmetic and functional aspects and also, we discuss the outcomes of KTP and its characteristics in experimental and histopathological studies.
The impact is considerable with the potential for blindness, chronic disabling headaches, future risk of cardiovascular disease and marked healthcare utilisation.
These models are also useful to evaluate novel therapeutic targets to abrogate CSF secretion.
There is no fully developed in vivo model of IIH but this remains an area of importance.
Progress is being made to improve our understanding of the underlying aetiology in IIH including the characterisation of disease biomarkers and their mechanistic role in driving disease pathology.
Preclinical models, used to evaluate IIH mechanisms are yielding important mechanistic insights.
This benchmark also underscores the impact of measurement sensitivity, an issue commonly overlooked in psychotherapy research and practice.
Patients with retinal diseases typically have to undergo multiple injections before achieving the desired therapeutic effect.
In recent years, there have been various strategies that have been conceptualised. These include non-biodegradable implants, nano-formulations and hydrogels.
Through the above, this review attempts to provide an overview of the sustained delivery platforms in their various phases of development.
The objectives of this study were to explore (1) the bidirectional associations between marital relationships and conflicts with in-laws during the transition to parenthood and (2) the moderation of patrilineal coresidence on the aforementioned relationships.
The Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Stryker Adjustment Checklist were used to assess marital relationships and conflicts with parents-in-law.
Pterygia are common conjunctival degenerations with well-documented risk factors but an unclear pathogenesis.
Topical cyclosporine, an immunosuppressive medication, in conjunction with conjunctival autograft was found to be most successful in decreasing pterygium recurrence according to a recent meta-analysis.
Other adjuvant therapies such as mitomycin-C (MMC), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and beta-irradiation have also been used, though usage of these may cause multiple adverse effects.
Scarce qualitative literature has focused on understanding the perspective of parents of adolescents involved in crime, and no prior literature has examined how the status of being a parent of an adolescent who is involved in delinquency intersects with being an immigrant parent.
These three factors are interwoven together to create a fabric within which they see their children turning to crime.
Parents' gradual loss of control is balanced by attempts to idealize the parent-child relationship and to minimize the severity of the offenses committed.
There are numerous approaches under investigation to improve treatment options.
Also, few studies examine potential protective factors grounded in the ACE framework, such as mindfulness, among clinical populations.
Therefore, the relationships between IPV frequency and severity (psychological, physical, injury) and ACEs, PTSD, trauma symptomology (separate from PTSD), and mindfulness self-efficacy were examined in a sample of 67 predominantly low-income men of color in a batterer intervention program.
Higher ACE scores predicted increased rates for nearly all types of self-reported IPV perpetration and victimization.
Studies were analysed according to the training modality: virtual reality; wet-lab; dry-lab models; e-learning.
Models with the strongest validity evidence were the Eyesi Surgical, Eyesi Direct Ophthalmoscope and Eye Surgical Skills Assessment Test.
As HLIM patients are typically young, unique issues need to be considered, such as delayed presentation, difficult history, poor compliance and behavioural or psychiatric comorbidity.
This review assessed the real-world evidence of the management of macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).
A meta-analysis of 2530 eyes from 48 real-world studies of therapies for macular oedema secondary to BRVO was conducted. Baseline characteristics, visual, anatomical and safety outcomes were recorded.
The mean baseline VA for the pooled data was 54.0 (51.5, 56.5) letters and the mean baseline CST was 501.3 (483.5, 519.1) µm.
Visual and anatomical gains achieved in the real-world for anti-VEGF therapy were not as impressive as seminal RCTs, possibly due to reduced injection frequency in the real world and differences in baseline characteristics.
There is an urgent need for consensus on the minimum efficacy, treatment burden and safety data to collect to strengthen the real-world evidence base.
Direct economic loss is expected to be much more than that of SARS outbreak in 2003.
The infection rate (or the incidence) reflects the prophylactic effect in population. Case fatality reflects the therapeutic effect of clinical intervention.
The control of epidemic indicates the importance of public health measures but also reflected its insufficient capacity in China. Recently, profit-seeking mechanism run in Chinese health service system disorganized the balance of clinical service and public health service patterns in China, promoting the vicious circle of "attaching importance to clinical treatment and despising disease prophylaxis" , damaging the infrastructure of public health capacity, thus contributing to the formation of the inevitability in various fortuities of public health emergency.
Irritants such as alcohols, cause superficial epithelial denudation.
Final outcome related to structure and function is determined by the injurious agent, duration of exposure, nature of treatment and the rapidity with which it is instituted.
Intraocular pressure is often forgotten and must be assessed and managed.
This paper reviews the limitations of current infectious disease surveillance and early warning system in China, analyzes the concepts and countermeasures of the establishment of an intelligent early warning platform of infectious diseases based on multi-point trigger mechanism and multi-channel surveillance mechanism and proposes the realization routes for the purpose of facilitating capacity building and improvement of surveillance and early warning of infectious diseases in China.
To reduce errors, the reserve was subdivided into regions of interest based on locations of Whooper Swan and background brightness.
The discovery of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has provided a scientific basis for the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB).
The universalization of neonatal hepatitis B vaccine has greatly reduced the HBsAg positive load rate of the Chinese population. Antiviral therapy based on interferon and / or nucleos(t)ide analogues had effectively inhibited HBV replication, improved liver inflammation, liver fibrosis, and reduced the incidence of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
Nucleos(t)ide analogues can potently shift the first balance to undetectable viremia in the blood, but have limited or no effect on the second one, thus making it imperative to develop new agents targeting additional step(s) of HBV life cycle.
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major world public health problem. Current guidelines of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) suggest the clinical cure as the ideal thearapeutic goal.
Although the optimization of the existing antiviral treatment can make some patients achieve clinical cure, but for most patients with chronic hepatitis B, it is difficult to achieve clinical cure according to the existing antiviral treatment plan.
In recent years, the role of new viral markers such as HBV RNA, hepatitis B core-related antigen (HBcrAg) and quantitative anti-hepatitis B core protein (qAnti-HBc) have attracted more and more attention because of accurately reflecting the transcription activity of cccDNA, determining the therapeutic effect and predicting the risk of recurrence after drug discontinuation.
This article briefly introduces the application of new and old markers in various stages of antiviral therapy in CHB patients, and combines the application of new viral markers in the evaluation of drug efficacy, and expounds its possible role in the research and development of new antiviral therapy.
On the other hand, Phase II-III clinical trials prioritize the optimal dose, efficacy and safety indicators to verify the efficacy and safety of new drugs in a wider range of subjects.
Long-term intake of large amounts of ethanol leads to enterogenous endotoxemia. Reactive oxygen species, high concentrations of adenosine triphosphate and uric acid activate the pyroptosis system, which then cleaves the pore formation mechanism of gasdermin-D, leading to the death of liver cells, accompanied by the release of interleukin-1β, interleukin-18, and other inflammatory factors.
This series of processes activates the immune system, mediates a cascade of inflammation, and promotes the development of alcoholic liver disease from steatosis to inflammation and fibrosis.
Combined with the material characteristics of acupuncture needle, new connection technology and injection moulding technology, and through mechanical test, a new type of magnetic joint for electroacupuncture instrument, with regular appearance and simple manufacturing process, is developed, which can be connected with acupuncture needle in close range.
This joint is composed of the inner magnet joint and the outer joint protective sleeve. The new conductive adhesive is used to simplify the manufacturing process. Its advantages include connection with acupuncture needle by magnetic force, being convenient to store when idle and easy to switch to the working state, and quick disconnection in case of emergency.
Pancreatic cancer(PC) remains one of the most challenging malignant tumor in gastrointestinal cancer, and the incidence and mortality rates are significantly increased in the past decades.
Respondents were recruited during 3 months in 2018 by means of convenience sampling, through ads via the Swedish foundation for families with children who have heart defects and two closed Facebook groups for peer support.
An online survey containing open-ended questions was distributed and responses were analysed with systematic text condensation.
Listening to the stories of peers meant an opportunity to gain useful insights about what life is like for parents of children with heart defects.
Negative aspects of peer support were also described, which sometimes led to psychological distress and withdrawal from peer support activities.
The findings have relevance for nurses, midwives, and other health professionals working in settings providing care for these families.
With the arrival of Africans as slaves in 1619, a racial hierarchy was formed in the United States.
However, slavery is commonly dismissed as that less than noble aspect of the United States' history without really confronting the legacies of racial inequality and racial injustice left in its wake.
More specifically, we draw attention to health disparities, mass incarceration and aggressive policing, intergenerational racial trauma, restorative justice, and antiracist work.
Though neither perfectly sensitive nor perfectly specific for trachoma, these signs have been essential tools for identifying populations that need interventions to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem.
The constitution acts as a platform to advance health rights and to restructure policy, legal, institutional and regulatory frameworks towards reversing chronic gaps and improving health outcomes.
Our analysis revealed multiple structures (laws and implementing public bodies) formed across the health system, with many new stewardship structures aligned to devolution, but with fragmentation within the regulation sub-function.
By deconstructing normative health-system functions, the framework enabled an all-inclusive mapping of various health-system attributes (functions, laws and implementing bodies).
We believe our framework is a useful tool for countries who wish to develop and implement a conducive legal foundation for universal health coverage.
Constitutional reform is a mobilizing force for large leaps in health institutional change, boosting two aspects of feasibility for change: stakeholder acceptance and authority to proceed.
We analysed the primary health-care systems in 20 low- and middle-income countries using a semi-grounded approach.
Performance improved when financial incentives were linked to regulation and quality improvement, and community involvement was strong. Policy-making should be supported by adequate resources for primary health-care implementation and government spending on primary health care should be increased by at least 1% of gross domestic product.
Devising equity-enhancing financing schemes and improving the accountability of primary health-care management is also needed.
Support from primary health-care systems is critical for progress towards UHC in the decade to 2030.
The use of topical products containing natural ingredients has proven increasingly popular.
To evaluate the effects of a spray solution containing heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus and L. reuteri, on the clinical signs and cutaneous microbiota of atopic dogs.
The cutaneous microbiota was analysed on D0 and D28.
There was a significant and rapid decrease in the clinical signs associated with cAD after use of the spray.
Since 1970s, researchers had used chemotherapy drugs to treat osteosarcoma.
Infectivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is extremely strong. The one major target of the virus is the lung, which leads to the deaths of respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ failure.
The kidney is also one of the main organs attacked by viruses, which directly damage the renal tubules through angiotensin converting enzyme-2 and cause cytokine storm, resulting in kidney damage and increasing the risk of death in the patients.
A MEN-IIb patient with the lingual mucosal neuromas since childhood was admitted in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University in November, 2018. He had surgical history of mitral valve prolapse and spinal deformity. He was diagnosed with MTC and PHEO at the age of 22 and 28, respectively, and received surgical treatments.
It is very important for stomatology professionals to recognize, learn and master AI, to keep pace with the pace of the new era of medical treatment and to apply it in medical practice.
This paper introduces the application and progress of AI in stomatology clinic, research and teaching field, analyzes the existing and possible problems, and prospects the development of AI in the field of stomatology.
30 patients diagnosed as PCL in our hospital from January 1993 to December 2019 were enrolled, and the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, therapeutic regimes, and survival data of the patients were retrospectively analyzed.
The median age of the 30 patients was 56.5 (28-80) years old, among them, 25 patients were primary plasma cell leukemia, and 5 patients were secondary plasma cell leukemia.
Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) test showed that among 11 cases, 6 cases showed 17p13 deletion, 8 cases showed at least two kinds of abnormalities, which including t (14; 16), t (8; 14), t (11;14), 17p13 deletion, and 13q14 deletion.
Multivariate statistical analysis showed that ECOG score>2 was the independent prognostic factor of plasma cell leukemia patients.
The median age at diagnosis was 13(3-48) months, and 14 cases (73.68%) were less than 2 years old.
To investigate the clinical efficacy of ALL-2005 and ALL-2009 regimen and factors influencing prognosis of newly diagnosed ALL patients aged between 10-18 years old to provide some reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
The complete remission rate at the 5th week after induction therapy was not significantly different between ALL-2005 and ALL-2009 regimen groups (P＞0.05).
B Symptoms, anemia, high β
To summarize and analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of acute lung injury in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) after chemotherapy with rituximab chemotherapy, so as to improve the understanding of the disease and guide the clinical treatment.
Twenty-Six patients with DLBCL were treated with rituximab chemotherapy and developed to acute lung injury in Third Hospital of Peking University from January 2013 to September 2018 were selected. The clinical features, imaging findings, chemotherapy course, therapeutic effect and prognosis were analyzed.
To explore the non-genetic factors of overall survival in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).
The CTGF level in MM patients was positively correlated with the number of bone lesions (P<0.001, r=0.52). CTGF levels in patients with ≥3 bone lesions were significantly higher than those with <3 bone lesions and without bone lesions (P=0.014, P=0.002).
The incidence of herpes zoster is high in the multiple myeloma patients treated with bortezomib. Lymphocytopenia occurred before treatment, the application of cyclophosphamide, and the absence of prophylactic antiviral therapy are the important risk factors for herpes zoster, for which the clinicians should attach great importance.
To investigate the clinical significance of the targeted next-generation sequencing assay for patients with suspected myeloid malignancies.
A total of 39 hematopenia patients with suspected myeloid malignamies in Department of Hematology of The Affiliated Huai'an No.1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2018 to April 2019 were treated, 20 hot spot genes of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) were detected.
Furthermore, all 8 CCUS patients showed positive mutation, and the incidence of double or multiple mutation in CCUS group was significantly lower than that of the MDS and MDS/MPN group (37.5% vs 54.5%) (P=0.002).
Our results suggest that there are high rates of double or multiple mutations in myeloid malignancies, especially in patients with MDS and MDS/MPN.
p.Gly276Glu protein model analysis showed that, the Glu side chain was prolonged and the molecular weight became larger, which would increase the steric hindrance between it and the surrounding amino acids, affect the normal local folding of the FⅤ protein, and eventually lead to the decrease of protein activity and content.
Compared with the model control group, PLT and Hb increased in different doses of SXXBC and indirubin group 4th-8th day after drug intervention (P＜0.05, 0.01). However, there was no significant difference between the different doses of SXXBC group and indirubin group (P＞0.05).
Compared with the model control group, the total number of megakaryocytes in each treatment group were decreased (P＜0.05, P＜0.01), in which the number of primary megakaryocytes in the large and medium dose groups of SXXBC and indirubin were decreased (P＜0.05, 0.01), and the number of juvenile megakaryocytes in the large dose group of SXXBC and indirubin were also decreased (P＜0.05).
The time of prothrombin was shortened in the high and medium dose groups of SXXBC and indirubin (P＜0.05), and the fibrinogen (FIB) content in the high and medium dose groups of SXXBC was close to that of the normal control group.
The 10-year overall survival rate of patients with single-system involvement was 100%, which was significantly higher than that of patients with multiple-system involvement (70.1%) (P=0.0078).
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2(EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase which regulate gene expression through epigenetic machinery. The abnormal expression of EZH2 has been described in many cancer types.
Both patients were in a moderate coma after being poisoned, and the arterial blood lactic acid level and carbon dioxide partial pressure were higher than the normal range within 1 week after poisoning.
Two patients were cured and discharged after being treated with oxygen therapy and glucocorticoids. The prognosis was good.
With the development of industry, musculoskeletal disorders have become increasingly prominent, and low back pain is one of the major problems. The United States and Germany have already included it in the category of occupational diseases.
Therefore, it is extremely important to determine the occupational factors affecting low back pain and evaluate the load level of workers.
On the basis of checking Chinese dictionary, exegetical books and ancient literature, it is believed that the ancients could clearly distinguish the difference between "he" (, pit) and "ren" (, nut) in actual use, and realized that the pit and the nut are different parts.
This article takes almonds as the center to explore the similarities and differences of concepts and essences between the "he" (, pit) and "ren" (, nut) in ancient prescriptions.
Methods Halogenated hydroxyl-alkanes were analyzed by headspace gas chromatography with double column confirmatory detection method. The influence of halogenated hydroxyl-alkanes on determination of ethanol content in blood sample by headspace gas chromatography was explored under the different detection conditions of KB-BAC1/ KB-BAC2 and J&W DB-ALC1/DB-ALC2 gas chromatographic column.
According to WHO estimation, seasonal influenza epidemics have caused an annually 3 to 5 million severe cases and 290 000 to 650 000 deaths globally.
In 2018 and 2019, the China CDC issued the "Technical Guidelines for Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in China" .
The recommendations described in this report include the following: Points of Vaccination clinics (PoVs) should provide influenza vaccination to all persons aged 6 months and above who are willing to be vaccinated and do not have contraindications.
These guidelines will be updated periodically as new evidence becomes available.
The results showed that the critical wind speed value at pedestrian height (1.5 m) for the effective diffusion of pollutants was 1.0 m·s
Length of asylum process and duration of stay was found to be the most frequently cited factor for mental health difficulties in 9 out of 22 studies.
However, in line with previous findings and as hypothesised in this review, there were statistically significant correlations found between family life, family separation and mental health outcomes.
Promoting research and guideline development with, by, and for currently under-represented communities should be a high priority for our field.
To investigate the method of treating tuberculosis in the craniovertebral junction and its effectiveness.
All patients were followed up 8-24 months, with an average of 16.6 months.
There was no significant difference in gender, age, body mass index, cause of injury, time from injury to operation, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and fracture type between the two groups ( The patients in both groups were followed up for an average of 12.5 months (range, 6-16 months).
Among them, there were 41 patients with diabetic foot (DF), including Wagner grade 3-4, Texas grade 2-3, and stage B-D lesions; the disease duration ranged from 0.7 to 2.4 years, with an average of 1.5 years, and 5 cases complicated with arteriosclerosis obliteran (ASO).
In 18 patients that ankle brachial index (ABI) of anterior or posterior tibial artery was less than 0.6 before operation, or the blood flow of the three branches of inferior anterior tibial artery did not reach the ankle by imaging examination, vascular reconstruction was performed before TTT (5 cases of DF combined with ASO, 12 of ASO, 1 of TAO).
After operation, the effectiveness was evaluated by ulcer wound healing, skin temperature, pain visual analogue scale (VAS) score, ABI, and CT angiography (CTA) examination.
The patients with TAO were followed up 12-23 months with an average of 12.3 months, and toe/limb amputation was performed after ineffective treatment.
The clinical data of 18 patients with large Achilles tendon and skin defects repaired with anterolateral femoral flap in combination with fascia lata grafting between January 2018 and January 2019 were retrospectively reviewed.
There were 14 males and 4 females; age ranged from 32 to 57 years (mean, 42.1 years).
Flap survival was observed, and ankle function recovery was evaluated according to McComis functional assessment criteria, and dorsal extension and plantar flexion mobility of the affected limb were measured at last follow-up and compared with those of the healthy side.
At last follow-up, 15 cases were excellent, 2 cases were good, and 1 case was acceptable according to McComis functional evaluation criteria, with an excellent and good rate of 94.4%.
The two-point discrimination of the heel posterior region of the affected foot was 4-7 mm, with an average of 5.32 mm.
The heel-raise test was negative.
To summarize the research progress of the effects of high glucose microenvironment on the biological activity of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs).
The literature on the high glucose microenvironment and ADSCs at home and abroad in recent years was reviewed, and the effects of high glucose microenvironment on the general characteristics, differentiation potential, angiogenesis, and nerve regeneration of ADSCs were summarized.
The current principles of treatment are based on the specific circumstances of a torn labrum, including acetabular labrum debridement, acetabular labrum repair, acetabular labrum reconstruction, and acetabular labrum augmentation.
Hip arthroscopy has become the preferred technique for the treatment of acetabular labrum injury. Labral repair is still the first choice, and labral reconstruction is used when acetabular labrum injury cannot be repaired.
To review the perioperative blood management (PBM) of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and total hip arthroplasty (THA).
There are many PBM methods in TKA and THA, among which the optimization of hematopoiesis mainly includes the application of perioperative iron and erythropoietin. Measures to reduce bleeding include the use of tourniquet, intraoperative controlled hypotension, and perioperative antifibrinolytic agents. Autologous blood transfusion includes preoperative autologous blood donation, hemodilution and cell salvage. Allogeneic blood transfusion is the ultimate treatment for anemia.
In the perioperative period of TKA and THA, single or multiple use of different blood management measures should be considered carefully according to the physical and economic conditions of patients individually, so as to reduce the blood loss and allogeneic blood transfusion optimally, and finally accelerate the recovery of patients.
To explore the classification, diagnosis, and clinical treatment of Achilles tendinopathy.
The literature about Achilles tendinopathy at home and abroad was reviewed. The research results of classification and terms, imaging diagnosis, and clinical treatment of Achilles tendinopathy were summarized.
Sub-Saharan Africa is home to 12% of the global population, and 4.3 million are blind and over 15 million are visually impaired.
We also searched Google Scholar and websites of ophthalmic institutions for additional information.
Available published scientific data on ophthalmic medical and surgical training in SSA is sparse, especially for Francophone and Lusophone countries.
However, through a broad scoping review strategy it has been possible to obtain a valuable and detailed view of ophthalmology training in SSA.
Training of ophthalmologists is a complex and multi-faceted task.
There are opportunities provided by modern training approaches.
