This is an internal, incomplete preview of a proposed change to the ACL Anthology.
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In this paper we question the impact of gender representation in training data on the performance of an end-to-end ASR system. We create an experiment based on the Librispeech corpus and build 3 different training corpora varying only the proportion of data produced by each gender category. We observe that if our system is overall robust to the gender balance or imbalance in training data, it is nonetheless dependant of the adequacy between the individuals present in the training and testing sets.
The CMU Wilderness Multilingual Speech Dataset (Black, 2019) is a newly published multilingual speech dataset based on recorded readings of the New Testament. It provides data to build Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Text-to-Speech (TTS) models for potentially 700 languages. However, the fact that the source content (the Bible) is the same for all the languages is not exploited to date. Therefore, this article proposes to add multilingual links between speech segments in different languages, and shares a large and clean dataset of 8,130 parallel spoken utterances across 8 languages (56 language pairs). We name this corpus MaSS (Multilingual corpus of Sentence-aligned Spoken utterances). The covered languages (Basque, English, Finnish, French, Hungarian, Romanian, Russian and Spanish) allow researches on speech-to-speech alignment as well as on translation for typologically different language pairs. The quality of the final corpus is attested by human evaluation performed on a corpus subset (100 utterances, 8 language pairs). Lastly, we showcase the usefulness of the final product on a bilingual speech retrieval task.
With the rise of artificial intelligence (AI) and the growing use of deep-learning architectures, the question of ethics, transparency and fairness of AI systems has become a central concern within the research community. We address transparency and fairness in spoken language systems by proposing a study about gender representation in speech resources available through the Open Speech and Language Resource platform. We show that finding gender information in open source corpora is not straightforward and that gender balance depends on other corpus characteristics (elicited/non elicited speech, low/high resource language, speech task targeted). The paper ends with recommendations about metadata and gender information for researchers in order to assure better transparency of the speech systems built using such corpora.
Avec l’essor de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) et l’utilisation croissante des architectures d’apprentissage profond, la question de l’éthique et de la transparence des systèmes d’IA est devenue une préoccupation centrale au sein de la communauté de recherche. Dans cet article, nous proposons une étude sur la représentation du genre dans les ressources de parole disponibles sur la plateforme Open Speech and Language Resource. Un tout premier résultat est la difficulté d’accès aux informations sur le genre des locuteurs. Ensuite, nous montrons que l’équilibre entre les catégories de genre dépend de diverses caractéristiques des corpus (discours élicité ou non, tâche adressée). En nous appuyant sur des travaux antérieurs, nous reprenons quelques principes concernant les métadonnées dans l’optique d’assurer une meilleure transparence des systèmes de parole construits à l’aide de ces corpus.
Nous proposons une réflexion sur les pratiques d’évaluation des systèmes de reconnaissance automatique de la parole (ASR). Après avoir défini la notion de discrimination d’un point de vue légal et la notion d’équité dans les systèmes d’intelligence artificielle, nous nous intéressons aux pratiques actuelles lors des grandes campagnes d’évaluation. Nous observons que la variabilité de la parole et plus particulièrement celle de l’individu n’est pas prise en compte dans les protocoles d’évaluation actuels rendant impossible l’étude de biais potentiels dans les systèmes.