Victoria Estanislau


2025

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AI and Climate Change Discourse: What Opinions Do Large Language Models Present?
Marcelo Sartori Locatelli | Pedro Dutenhefner | Arthur Buzelin | Pedro Loures Alzamora | Yan Aquino | Pedro Augusto Torres Bento | Samira Malaquias | Victoria Estanislau | Caio Santana | Lucas Dayrell | Marisa Affonso Vasconcelos | Wagner Meira Jr. | Virgilio Almeida
Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Natural Language Processing Meets Climate Change (ClimateNLP 2025)

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in applications that shape public discourse, yet little is known aboutwhether they reflect distinct opinions on global issues like climate change. This study compares climate change-relatedresponses from multiple LLMs with human opinions collected through the People’s Climate Vote 2024 survey (UNDP – UnitedNations Development Programme and Oxford, 2024). We compare country and LLM”s answer probability distributions and apply Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) to identify latent opinion dimensions. Our findings reveal that while LLM responsesdo not exhibit significant biases toward specific demographic groups, they encompass a wide range of opinions, sometimesdiverging markedly from the majority human perspective.