@inproceedings{eckart-de-castilho-2016-automatic,
    title = "Automatic Analysis of Flaws in Pre-Trained {NLP} Models",
    author = "Eckart de Castilho, Richard",
    editor = "Murakami, Yohei  and
      Lin, Donghui  and
      Ide, Nancy  and
      Pustejovsky, James",
    booktitle = "Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Worldwide Language Service Infrastructure and Second Workshop on Open Infrastructures and Analysis Frameworks for Human Language Technologies ({WLSI}/{OIAF}4{HLT}2016)",
    month = dec,
    year = "2016",
    address = "Osaka, Japan",
    publisher = "The COLING 2016 Organizing Committee",
    url = "https://preview.aclanthology.org/Ingest-2025-COMPUTEL/W16-5203/",
    pages = "19--27",
    abstract = "Most tools for natural language processing today are based on machine learning and come with pre-trained models. In addition, third-parties provide pre-trained models for popular NLP tools. The predictive power and accuracy of these tools depends on the quality of these models. Downstream researchers often base their results on pre-trained models instead of training their own. Consequently, pre-trained models are an essential resource to our community. However, to be best of our knowledge, no systematic study of pre-trained models has been conducted so far. This paper reports on the analysis of 274 pre-models for six NLP tools and four potential causes of problems: encoding, tokenization, normalization and change over time. The analysis is implemented in the open source tool Model Investigator. Our work 1) allows model consumers to better assess whether a model is suitable for their task, 2) enables tool and model creators to sanity-check their models before distributing them, and 3) enables improvements in tool interoperability by performing automatic adjustments of normalization or other pre-processing based on the models used."
}