With the expansion of the application of Large Language Models (LLMs), concerns about their safety have grown among researchers. Numerous studies have demonstrated the potential risks of LLMs generating harmful content and have proposed various safety assessment benchmarks to evaluate these risks. However, the evaluation questions in current benchmarks, especially for Chinese, are too straightforward, making them easily rejected by target LLMs, and difficult to update with practical relevance due to their lack of correlation with real-world events. This hinders the effective application of these benchmarks in continuous evaluation tasks. To address these limitations, we propose SafetyQuizzer, a question-generation framework designed to evaluate the safety of LLMs more sustainably in the Chinese context. SafetyQuizzer leverages a finetuned LLM and jailbreaking attack templates to generate subtly offensive questions, which reduces the decline rate. Additionally, by utilizing retrieval-augmented generation, SafetyQuizzer incorporates the latest real-world events into evaluation questions, improving the adaptability of the benchmarks. Our experiments demonstrate that evaluation questions generated by SafetyQuizzer significantly reduce the decline rate compared to other benchmarks while maintaining a comparable attack success rate. Our code is available at https://github.com/zhichao-stone/SafetyQuizzer. Warning: this paper contains examples that may be offensive or upsetting.

Entity Alignment (EA) is vital for integrating diverse knowledge graph (KG) data, playing a crucial role in data-driven AI applications. Traditional EA methods primarily rely on comparing entity embeddings, but their effectiveness is constrained by the limited input KG data and the capabilities of the representation learning techniques. Against this backdrop, we introduce ChatEA, an innovative framework that incorporates large language models (LLMs) to improve EA. To address the constraints of limited input KG data, ChatEA introduces a KG-code translation module that translates KG structures into a format understandable by LLMs, thereby allowing LLMs to utilize their extensive background knowledge to improve EA accuracy. To overcome the over-reliance on entity embedding comparisons, ChatEA implements a two-stage EA strategy that capitalizes on LLMs’ capability for multi-step reasoning in a dialogue format, thereby enhancing accuracy while preserving efficiency. Our experimental results affirm ChatEA’s superior performance, highlighting LLMs’ potential in facilitating EA tasks.The source code is available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/ChatEA/.

Multimodal entity alignment (MMEA) integrates multi-source and cross-modal knowledge graphs, a crucial yet challenging task for data-centric applications.Traditional MMEA methods derive the visual embeddings of entities and combine them with other modal data for alignment by embedding similarity comparison.However, these methods are hampered by the limited comprehension of visual attributes and deficiencies in realizing and bridging the semantics of multimodal data. To address these challenges, we propose MM-ChatAlign, a novel framework that utilizes the visual reasoning abilities of MLLMs for MMEA.The framework features an embedding-based candidate collection module that adapts to various knowledge representation strategies, effectively filtering out irrelevant reasoning candidates. Additionally, a reasoning and rethinking module, powered by MLLMs, enhances alignment by efficiently utilizing multimodal information.Extensive experiments on four MMEA datasets demonstrate MM-ChatAlign’s superiority and underscore the significant potential of MLLMs in MMEA tasks.The source code is available at https://github.com/jxh4945777/MMEA/.